Pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya nkhaka mitundu pali mtundu wina wosakanizidwa umene wakhala wakukula bwino kwa zaka zambiri ndi oyang'anira wamaluwa. Ziri pafupi "Rodniche", makhalidwe omwe ankawoneka okongola kwa anthu ambiri a chilimwe. Tiyeni ife tiwone chifukwa chake zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana zimakonda komanso momwe zingaperekere mbewu zabwino kwambiri zikadzakula pa chiwembu chanu.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Nkhaka "Spring" imatanthauza gulu lopsa, Nyongolotsi imachitika kudzera mu njuchi. Izi ndi zomera zazitali, zosiyana ndi nthambi zopanda mphamvu komanso mtundu wa mtundu wa maluwa. Zipatso zili ndi kukoma kokoma ndipo zimayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano komanso mitundu yonse yosungirako zinthu. Kawirikawiri, nkhaka ili okonzeka kukolola mkati mwa masiku asanu ndi limodzi kuchokera pamene masamba oyambirira akuoneka, koma simukuyenera kukolola mbewu zonse mwakamodzi.
Onani mitundu yambiri ya nkhaka: Festoon ya Siberia, Hector F1, Emald Earrings, Crispina F1, Taganai, Palchik, Lukhovitsky, Real Colonel ndi Masha f1.Zipatso zimapsa nthawi yomweyo, kotero mumakhala ndi nthawi yosangalala nazo. Amadziwika ndi mtundu wobiriwira komanso wolemera pafupifupi 90-110 g, ndipo amakhala ndi utali wa 9-12 masentimita. Pa khungu pamakhala mikwingwirima yoyera kumbali, ndipo zimakhala zosaoneka zakuda. Mukadula, chipatsocho ndi zonunkhira kwambiri, chosasangalatsa, osati chowawa ndipo alibe voids.
Kwa izi zosiyanasiyana, phulusa mapangidwe a losunga mazira ndi khalidwe, pafupifupi 2-3 pa mfundo, ndipo mphukira zisanu zikhoza kuwonekera pa chomera chimodzi. Kawirikawiri, ndi kulima kwafakitale pogwiritsa ntchito trellis, mutha kukolola makilogalamu 17-25 kuchokera ku 1 m², pomwe mutayikidwa pansi, ziwerengerozi ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zolemera makilogalamu 5-7. Kuwonjezera pa zokolola zochuluka, "Spring" imakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a nkhaka zokoma.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zosiyanasiyana
Sikovuta kuweruza za ubwino wa wosakanizidwa "Spring F1", wochokera pafotokozedwa pamwambapa, koma izi siziri zonse ubwino wa nkhaka. Ayenera kuwonjezera zotsatirazi:
- deta yabwino yakunja ndi yalawa;
- kukhala kosavuta kukula ndi kusamalira zomera;
- kulimbana bwino ndi matenda osiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, kutentha, maolivi, bacteriosis);
- kuthekera kwa kukula kwa nthaka ndi malo otentha;
- zokolola zambiri, zomwe sizidalira makamaka chisamaliro;
- kuthekera kwa kayendedwe ka kugulitsa kumene.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukufuna kukula izi zokha pofuna kugulitsanso, ndiye bwino kudzala zomera nthawi yomweyo mu wowonjezera kutentha, komwe zidzakhala zokopa kwambiri, ndipo mudzakolola zokolola zazikulu.Ngakhale pali mndandandanda waukulu wa zopindulitsa, munthu sangathe kupeĊµa kupezeka kwake zolakwika zina za zosiyanasiyana. Kotero, kusamalidwa mosasamala sikukutanthauza kuti mungathe kunyalanyaza kuvala, kuthirira ndi zina zotero za agrotechnical, chifukwa kusowa kwa madzi m'nthaka nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa kukoma kwa Spring Spring, zipatso zimayamba kulawa zowawa ndipo zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha. Kuwonjezera apo, musaiwale za malamulo osungiramo mbeu, chifukwa nkhaka yomwe imachoka mu chipinda chofunda idzatayika kwambiri m'masiku angapo ndipo idzayamba kutha.
Zizindikiro ndi kusiyana kwa mitundu ina
Mu njira zambiri, zipatso za mitundu yofotokozedwa ndizofanana ndi nkhaka zina zambiri, koma pali kusiyana kosiyana siyana - pakali pano onsewo ali ndi kutalika komwe ndi mawonekedwe, kuti kuchokera kumalo okongoletsera amaoneka okongola kwambiri. Zonse "akasupe" ali ngati pachisankho, chomwechonso ndi chitsimikizo chokwanira cha kukula kwa nkhaka izi chifukwa cha malonda. 
Tikufika
Kubzala mbewu za nkhaka zosiyanasiyana "Spring" zimapereka zochitika zingapo zofanana, ndipo malingana ndi malo obzala (wowonjezera kutentha kapena munda pamtunda wotseguka). adzakhala ndi zosiyana. Komabe, tidzakhala tikuyambira kuti tiyambe ndi ndondomeko zokonzekera zokolola.
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Mu nkhakayi, pafupifupi mbewu zonse ndizimayi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali sikofunikira pa izi. Ngakhale zili choncho, zimatenthedwa pang'ono asanayambe kubzala (njirayi imathandizira kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda), ndiyeno timanyowa m'madzi kuti tizitha kumera kapena kutupa.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati munagula mbewu mu chipolopolo cha mtundu wachikuda, palibe njira yokonzekera yofunikira, zokolola zotere sizikhoza kutenthedwa kapena kuziviika, mwinamwake pali chiopsezo chachikulu ku chipolopolocho.
Kulima kunja
Kukonzekera kubzala nkhaka "Spring" F1 kumalo oyang'ana kumayambiriro kumayambiriro kwa autumn, pamene zitsamba zonse za zinyalala ndi nsonga zimatenthedwa, ndipo nthaka imakumbidwa. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kukonzekera gawo la magawo atatu la mankhwala a bleach ndikugwiritsira ntchito ku magalasi, matabwa ndi zitsulo zomwe zili m'dera lino. Nthaka sikuti imangodulidwa, koma nkhuku kapena nkhumba zowonongeka zimabweretsedwamo, ngakhale ngati mulibe zinthu zofunikira palimodzi, mungagwiritse ntchito mavitamini okonzeka bwino (nkhaka zimayankha bwino potaziyamu), koma ndizolemba "nkhaka".
Nkhaka zamasamba bwino m'mizere, zomwe zimakulolani kuti muzisamalire mosavuta, ndipo m'tsogolomu zidzakhala zosavuta kukolola. Pakati pa zomera zimayendera nthawi zonse kuchoka mtunda wa 25-30 masentimita, koma mtunda wa pakati pa mizere ndi wautali pang'ono ndipo ukhoza kukhala masentimita 70. 
Mukamabzala, mbewu za Rodnichka zimamera pansi ndi masentimita awiri, madzi okwanira komanso ophimbidwa ndi filimu kapena agrofibre, zomwe zidzawatchinjirize kuti asabwerere chisanu. Nkhaka za zosiyanasiyana zimamera mwamsanga, ndipo mukhoza kuona mbande zoyamba kale pa 3-4th tsiku mutabzala mbewu. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa kunja ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa, malo osakhalitsa amachotsedwa kuti zomera zazing'ono zitha kupuma pang'ono. Ndiponso Musaiwale kuyang'anira nthaka chinyezi: izo siziyenera kupunduka.
Pakati pa kukula kwa masamba ndi mphukira, nkhaka zimadyetsedwa ndi mankhwala a nayitrogeni, koma panthawi yamaluwa, phosphorous zamasakaniza ndizoyenera, ndipo popanga mazira, zitha kuwonjezera potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni kunthaka.
Mukudziwa? Nkhaka ndi imodzi mwa zomera zochepa ndi mbiri yakale ya mbiri yawo. Kotero, iwo ankadziwika ngati kale kwambiri zaka 6,000 zapitazo, ndipo amakhulupirira kuti iwo amachokera ku mipesa yaitali yaitali makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri yomwe inamera kumadera otentha, omwe tsopano ali Kumwera cha Kum'ma Asia.
Kukula mbande
Ambiri amaluwa amakhulupirira kuti kulima nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena kunyumba kumafuna nthawi yochepa komanso khama kusiyana ndi kulima kwawo, koma izi siziri choncho. Chowonadi n'chakuti pakadali pano zikhalidwe zonse zachilengedwe, zizindikiro za microclimatic ziyenera kuwonedwa, komanso kuwonjezera pa izi, zofunika kusamalira mbande sizinganyalanyazedwe.
Kawirikawiri mbewu za mmera zimayamba ndi chithandizo cha mbeu kuti zitsitsimitse kukula kwa mbewu, zomwe Epin, Etamon, Zircon kapena Narcissus akukonzekera bwino. Monga gawo lodzaza miphika yokonzedweratu kapena ojambula ali angwiro makonzedwe apadera okonzedwa kuti kulima mbewu za masamba, ngakhale ngati mukufuna kupulumutsa, ndiye kuti mukhoza kukonzekera gawolo. Pachifukwa chotsatira, mbali zina za nthaka yabwino kwambiri zidzakhala nthaka yochuluka kuchokera pabedi, peat ndi humus, yotengedwa mofanana. Komabe, musanadzaze mcherewo mu miphika, ndibwino kuti muwachiritse ndi mapepala apadera a disinfection (mwachitsanzo, kukonzekera "Gamair", "Fitosporin" ndi "Planriz"). 
Kufesa mbewu za nkhaka "Spring", miphika yomwe ili ndi 50-55 ml ndi kukula kwa 1.5 masentimita ndizoyenera. Mpaka mbewuyo isamere, zizindikiro za kutentha mu chipinda chokhala ndi mbande ziyenera kukhala ndi +25 ° C ndipo kenako zichepere ndi 5 ° C masana ndi 10 ° C usiku. Kukolola chomera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyana ndi 4.5 × 4.5 cm ndi pafupifupi 80 ml.
Chisamaliro
Ma nkhaka onse, ndizofunikira kukwaniritsa zofunikira zowonjezera: kubzala kumayenera kumachitika m'zigawo zowonjezera zokhala ndi zakudya zokwanira, ndi kusamala kwambiri ndikofunika kukumbukira kawirikawiri madzi okwanira ndi kuvala kawirikawiri (pafupi kamodzi pa masabata 1-2 malinga ndi zosiyanasiyana). Zowonjezeranso zofunikira za zomera zokhala bwino zimakhala zamadzi ndipo zimakhala zotentha, kuyatsa bwino. Tiyeni tiyankhule za zofunikira zonsezi ngati tikukula "Spring".
Kuthirira
Monga momwe ziliri ndi nkhaka zina, kuthirira ofotokozedwawo akukwaniritsidwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha komanso ofunda. Sikoyenera kusefukira zomera "mosungira", chifukwa mphukira zikuyenda pafupi ndi mizu zingawachititse kuti avunda. Kawirikawiri zinthu zoterezi zimapezeka pa dothi lomwe lili ndi madzi osalala kapena malo otseguka kwa nyengo yamvula. 
Ndikofunikira! Ndi kozizira kolimba ndikofunika kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi, koma ngati dziko likuda kwambiri, ndibwino kuti tichite mwambowu m'mawa.Mu kutentha kwabwino, kuthirira kumakhala koyenera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito 4-5 malita a madzi pa lalikulu pamaso pa masamba kuonekera pa zomera. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kuchepetsa kukula kwa masamba ndi "mphamvu" nkhaka kuti ziganizire mphamvu zawo zonse popanga mazira ambiri. Mwamsanga pamene masamba amawonekera pa zomera (makamaka ngati ayamba kale kufalikira), kuthirira kamodzi kamodzi pa masiku 2-3, pogwiritsira ntchito 9-10 malita a madzi pa mamita awiri. Kumapeto kwa maluwa, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kwafupika kukhala 1 nthawi masiku angapo.
Ngati chilimwe chili kutentha, ndiye kuwonjezera pa kuika madzi m'nthaka, mukhoza kutsanulira galasi mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi mankhwala a choko, ndikuwaza masambawo ndi madzi ofunda kuchokera ku botolo lazitsulo. 
Kupaka pamwamba
Makamaka nkhaka zonse zimayankha bwino ntchito ya manyowa m'nthaka, ndipo mtundu wosakanizidwawu ndi wosiyana. Komabe, kuvala kotereku kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha ngati kulowetsedwa, chifukwa kukonzekera komwe mudeke ka madzi kumachepetsa 1 lita imodzi ya manyowa atsopano ndikusiya kuti ipereke masiku 10-14. Maumboni omalizidwa asanagwiritse ntchito molunjika ndi kuwonjezeredwa m'madzi mwa chiĊµerengero cha 1:10. Komabe, feteleza zotsatirazi zidzakhala zothandiza kwambiri pa feteleza "Spring": 10 malita a madzi muyenera kutenga 10-15 g ya ammonium nitrate, 15-20 g wa potassium sulphate, 20-25 g wa superphosphate komanso mutatha kusakaniza zonse zopangira, kutsanulira kukonzedwa kwa mbeu Kuwerengera ndowa 1 ya ndowa kwa zomera 10-15.
Kuonetsetsa kuti zokolola zambiri za nkhaka, phunzirani kudyetsa nkhaka pa maluwa ndi fruiting.Nthawi yachiwiri manyowa kubzala nkhaka ayenera patapita masiku 14 pamene ayamba kuphulika ndi mazira oonekera pa iwo. Panthawiyi, mankhwala oyenera ndi abwino kwambiri kuti akhale ndi zakudya zowonjezera: Manyowa ndi nkhuku. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, 10 malita a feteleza oterewa sangakulepheretseni kuwonjezera 5-10 g wa nitrophosphate, 1 chikho cha nkhuni phulusa, 0,5 g wa boric acid, 0,3 g wa manganese sulphate. Pachifukwa ichi, kwa 1 mamita a minda, gwiritsani ntchito malita 3 a mankhwala a feteleza, omwe amathiridwa mumtsinje wokonzedweratu pansi pa tchire.
Monga njira ina, feteleza amchere angagwiritsidwe ntchito kachiwiri kuti azidyetsa, koma pakadamu ayenera kukhala nayitrogeni wambiri.
Kachitidwe kachitatu ka Rodnichka kamakonzedwa masiku ena khumi ndi anayi pambuyo pake, ndipo nthawiyi imatha kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa: 10 malita muyenera kutenga makapu 2.5 okha a mullein. Chakudya chomwecho ndi choyenera kwa feteleza chachinayi (masabata ena awiri).
Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo aliyense kudyetsa zomera amafunika madzi okwanira.
Kupopera mbewu
Kupopera mbewu za Cranberry Spring nkhaka ikhoza kuchitidwa mosiyana pazinthu zosiyanasiyana: kudyetsa nkhuku, kuteteza ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga kapena kuthirira, kuti tipitirize kuthirira mbewu. Pachiyambi choyamba, njira yotsatirayi ikukonzekera ma ARV: 1 g ya asidi okosijeni, 30 g ya nitrate ya potassium, 0,1 g ya zinc sulfuric acid, 60 g ya superphosphate, 150 g ya urea ndi 0,4 g amawonjezeredwa mu chidebe cha madzi (10 l). manganese sulfate. Pofuna kuteteza, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo "Topaz" ndi "Confidor", kuzigwiritsa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo. Pa ulimi wothirira, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitidwa ndi kukonkha.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mwamwayi, ngakhale kulimbana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "matenda a nkhaka", sikungathetseretu kuthekera kwa chitukuko cha matenda enaake. Choncho, timaganizira za matenda omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri pamene akukula "Spring".
- Mame a Mealy. Amadziwika ndi mapangidwe aang'ono owala pamwamba pa tsamba la masamba a nkhaka. Pakapita nthawi, "akukwawa" ponseponse, chifukwa cha ntchentche zimawombera ndipo posachedwa zimagwa. Chifukwa chowonekera ndi kukula kwa matendawa kawirikawiri amamwetsa ndi kufalikira pa tsamba ndi namsongole wamsongole, ndikulimbana ndi matendawa ndi kusunga zambiri za mbewu, masamba onse owonongeka ndi mabala osowa ayenera kusonkhanitsidwa ndi kuwotchedwa. Masamba otsalawa amathandizidwa ndi nthaka sulfure ufa pogwiritsa ntchito 25-30 g wa mankhwala pa 10 m².
- Perinosporosis. Pazigawo zoyamba za matendawa, masamba ndi zooneka bwino za mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. M'kupita kwa nthawi, amakula kukula, ndipo pansi pa pepalayo amawombera, koma kale ndi ofiirira. Pankhani ya matendawa, zimakhala zosavuta kuziletsa kusiyana ndi kuyesa kuchiritsa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti musanayambe kubzala mbewu muyenera kukonza njira yothetsera potassium permanganate, ndipo mukamwetsa madzi ofunda ayenera kuyigwiritsa ntchito. Mu yogwira gawo la matenda, zomera amachiritsidwa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza.
- Anthracnose imaoneka malo otumbululuka a chikasu pamasamba, kenako phokoso la pinki limapezeka pa tchire. Monga momwe zinalili kale, zomera zowonongeka zimalangizidwa kuti zichitire mankhwalawa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza, pochita mwamboyi masiku osachepera 4-5 asanafike pokolola.
Mukudziwa? M'madera a dziko lathu, timakonda kukula ndikudya nkhaka zobiriwira, koma pali mitundu ina padziko lapansi. Choncho, ikhoza kukhala yoyera, yachikasu komanso yofiira. Mitengo yodabwitsa kwambiri imadziwika ngati ngodya yam'chikasu (momordica), yomwe, mu chikhalidwe chake chokhwima, imafanana ndi kamwa ya chikasu ya chikasu ndi chikasu chake chikuwoneka mofiira.
- Vuto loyera. Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, matendawa amadziwonetsera ngati mawonekedwe oyera a nyemba zam'mimba, amawombera nkhaka masamba ndi mapesi. Polimbana ndi izi, mbali zonse zokhudzidwa ndi zowola zimadulidwa ndikuwotchedwa, kenako zitsamba kapena mabedi amatha kutetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo zomera zimadyetsedwa ndipadera: 2 g zamkuwa sulfate ndi 10 g wa urea ayenera kunyamulidwa mu chidebe cha madzi. Liri imodzi imodzi ya chida ichi ndikwanira 10 mamita.
- Mizu yovunda. Pachifukwa ichi, chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ndi mizu ya nkhaka, ndipo kawirikawiri chifukwa chake chitukukocho ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mbewu zochepa kwambiri, kufesa mbewu mu nthaka yozizira kwambiri, madzi okwanira ozizira kapena gawo lochepa. Polimbana ndi matendawa, muyenera kukumba mizu, kuwawaza ndi mchenga, utuchi watsopano kapena choko, musanachotse ziwalozo. Malo odulidwawa akuwaza phulusa, ndipo dothi lozungulira mizu ndi phulusa ndi bleach youma pa 200 g pa 10 m².
- Cladosporiosis - Matenda ena amodzi a nkhaka. Amasonyezedwa ndi mabala ambirimbiri amadzi pamtunda, omwe amamera ndikuwuma. Monga njira yothandizira, nkhaka imathandizidwa ndi 15% yothetsera Bordeaux osakaniza, ndipo yemweyo Bordeaux osakaniza ndi mkuwa oxychloride amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matendawa.
Ndi njira zoyenera zaulimi komanso kupewa kanthawi koyenera, simudzakhala ndi mavuto ndi nkhaka za Rodnichok, ndipo matenda onsewa, monga tizilombo toonongeka, sangaonekere pa zomera, makamaka popeza kufotokozera kwa mitunduyi kumatanthawuza kukana kwawo. Pochita khama kwambiri, posachedwa ntchito yanu idzapindula ndi nkhaka zokoma ndi zowawa.
