Mawu oti "makangaza" mchilatini amatanthauza "miyala." M'masiku akale, zipatso za makangaza amatchedwa "maapulo oyala", ndipo pambuyo pake - "maapulo a mbewu". Makangaza amakula makamaka m'malo otentha, amakonda kutentha, chinyezi komanso dzuwa lalikulu. Mwachilengedwe, mtengo umatha kutalika mamita 6. Kunyumba, makangaza ndi khungwa laling'ono lokongoletsa mpaka 1 mita kukwera ndi zipatso mpaka masentimita 6.
Kodi makangaza amatha kubzala kunyumba
Pomegranate ndi chomera chachilendo, ndipo ambiri sadziwa kuti chikhalanso chodzalidwa kunyumba kuchokera nthangala, monga mandimu ndi zipatso zina za citrus. Izi ndizosavuta kuchita, monga makangaza safuna nthaka yapadera ndi chisamaliro. Mtengowo ndi wopanda ulemu ndipo umakula bwino. Malo abwino kuziyika kunyumba ndiwindo la dzuwa kapena khonde lotenthetsera.
Kuchokera zipatso zogulidwa, simungathe kupeza zipatso zabwino, chifukwa pafupifupi makangaza onse omwe amapezeka pamsika ndi ma hybrids. Koma kukula chotere ndikofunikira chifukwa cha maluwa okongola, mtengo wonsewo utavala zovala zofiirira kapena maluwa. Pomegranate mtengo limamasula nthawi yonse yotentha.
Mtengo wamakangaza umatha kutulutsa chilimwe chonse
Nthawi zambiri, makangaza amtunduwu amabzalidwa kunyumba, maluwa omwe amayambira kale chaka choyamba mutabzala. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudula maluwa oyamba kuti mbewuyo ikule bwino. Chaka chamawa, zipatso zidzamangidwa. Koma nthangala zazing'ono zamakangaza sizingakhale pachimake kwa zaka zingapo. Pankhaniyi, ayenera katemera.
Mtengo wamakangaza suletsa mpweya wouma komanso wopindika, kutalika kwake sikapitilira mita imodzi. Makangaza oterowo nthawi zambiri amakula ngati chomera chokongoletsera. Amamasuka mokongola nthawi yayitali ndipo zimapangitsa kuti azolowere kupanga bonsai.
Mutha kupanga bonsai yokongoletsa kuchokera pamakangaza amamera
Mu chikhalidwe chathu, mitundu yotsatirayi imakula.
- Mwana
- Uzbekistan
- Carthage
- Shah-nar;
- Ruby
Kusonkhanitsa ndi kukonza mbewu zodzala
Nthawi yabwino yofesa mbewu zamakangaza, malinga ndi wamaluwa, ndi Novembala ndi Febere. Mbewu zofesedwa nthawi ngati izi zibzalidwe mu sabata imodzi, nthawi ina mutha kudikirira mbande kwa mwezi wopitilira.
Ndikwabwino kubzala pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira, mbande ndizolimba, ndipo simuyenera kuvutika pakuwala nthawi yonse yozizira.
Mbewu zofesedwa zimatengedwa kuchokera ku zipatso zazikulu zakupsa popanda zizindikiro zowola ndi zowonongeka. Mbewu zakupsa ndizolimba komanso zosalala, mbewu zimakhala ndi mtundu woyera kapena wonona. Ngati mtundu ndiwobiliwira, ndipo njere zofewa kukhudza, ndiye kuti sizoyenera kubzala.
Mbewu zolimba komanso zosalala zimasankhidwa kuti zibzalidwe.
Pogula mbewu zopangidwa zokonzeka, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuti nthawi yatha bwanji, kulemera kwa mbewu, logo ya kampani, zosiyanasiyana. Zonsezi ziyenera kuwonetsedwa pamaphukusi. Ndikwabwino kugula zogulitsa mwapadera, osati mumsika kuchokera kwa alendo.
Kukonzekeretsa nthangala kuti zibzalidwe:
- Mbewu zimatsukidwa zamkati ndikutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi. Pofuna kuyeretsa bwino zamkati kuti mupewe zowola pambuyo pake, pakani mafupa ndi thaulo la pepala.
Mbewu ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi ndikutsukidwa bwino zamkati
- Kenako amakwiriridwa m'madzi ochepa mumsavu ndikuphatikizira madontho awiri kapena atatu a Epin kapena Zircon kuti apangitse kumera. Mbewu ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi madzi ndikusiyidwa kwa maola 12. Madzi akuyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndikutuluka, kuteteza mbewu kuti ziume.
Madzi amawonjezeredwa pomwe amatuluka.
- Chotungira chija chimayikidwa pamalo abwino popanda kukonzekera.
Malangizo oyenda
Kubzala mbewu zamakangaza kunyumba, muyenera kuchita izi:
- Konzani pansi. Itha kukhala iliyonse, chachikulu ndikuthekeka, chinyezi komanso mpweya wabwino, makamaka pang'ono acidic kapena ndale (pH kuyambira 6.0 mpaka 7.0). Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti makangaza sangathe kuzika mizu panthaka zina, mwachilengedwe amakula limodzi ndi dothi komanso pamchenga. Pa dothi lomalizidwa, chisankho chabwino kwambiri ndi maluwa kapena maluwa. Ophatikizidwa osakanikirana magawo ofanana:
- humus;
- dziko la turf;
- pepala lapansi;
- mchenga.
Dothi lokonzeka kukhala ndi maluwa kapena maluwa a m'mimba mwina ndi abwino pakukula makangaza.
- Konzani chidebe pofesa. Itha kukhala chidebe cha pulasitiki, bokosi lamatabwa la maluwa kapena mphika wa maluwa. Mbale yofesa imasankhidwa mosaya, popeza mizu ya makangaza imakula m'lifupi. Kukula kwa chidebe kumatengera kuchuluka kwa njere zomwe zikuyenera kubzalidwa, poganizira mtunda wina pakati pawo (pafupifupi 2 cm).
- Ikani chosanjikiza pansi. Monga ngalande, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito:
- dongo lakukulitsidwa;
- miyala yaying'ono;
- njerwa yosweka;
- zidutswa za miphika yodera.
Dongo lomwe limakulitsidwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ngati ngalande.
- Dzazani chidebe ndi dothi ndikuthira madzi oyera pamwamba.
- Fotokozerani mafupawo moyera pamwamba ndikuwakwirira pansi ndi masentimita 1-1.5.Dothi pamwamba liyenera kukhala lotayirira, silifunikira kuti lipangidwe.
Dothi liyenera kumasulidwa
- Valani chidebe ndi chivindikiro kapena filimu kuti ipange greenhouse, ikani malo otentha, owala.
Vidiyo: Kukonzekera ndi kufesa mbewu za makangaza
Kusamalira mbewu
Mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera patatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Pamene akukula, filimuyo imayenera kutsegulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yotsegulira, ndipo masamba amawonekera atachotsedwa kwathunthu. Zikopa zimafunikira kumanyowa nthawi zonse, osalola kuti dothi liume.
Masamba atawonekera, filimuyo imachotsedwa
M'nyengo yozizira, tsiku litakhala lalifupi, gwiritsani ntchito magetsi owonjezera kutentha kwa magetsi owonjezera, kuwonjezera nthawi ya maola masana mpaka maola 12.
Kanema: Kubzala mbewu ndikupanga makangaza
Kuyika mbande mumphika wokulirapo
Mbande zimafunika kubzalidwe mumiphika yosiyana patatha masamba awiri kapena atatu owona. Sankhani mbewu zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zathanzi. Miphika yoyambitsiramo koyamba siyenera kukhala yayikulu, m'mimba mwake masentimita 7-10 ndiyokwanira.
Kubzala kwa makangaza sikugwilitsidwa bwino; nthawi zambiri zimasinthidwa pamodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko.
Kubzala mbande kumachitika motere:
- Konzani mphika wokhala ndi mulifupi mwake wa 2-3 masentimita kuposa womwe udalipo.
- Pansi pamphika umayikiramo dambo la masentimita awiri, kenako dothi mpaka theka.
- Mbande zimachotsedwa mosamala ndi supuni kapena spatula pamodzi ndi nthaka pafupi ndi mizu.
Mphete zamakangaza zotengedwa limodzi ndi mtanda waukulu
- Ikani chomera pansi pakati pa mphika watsopano ndikuzaza malo omasuka kumbali ndi dothi pamlingo wa dothi lonyowa. Sikoyenera kuzama - sadzaphuka.
Mmera uliwonse wabzalidwa pakati pa mphika wokha.
- Madzi abwino ndi madzi ofunda ndikuyika dzuwa.
Zaka zitatu zoyambirira, mbewu zimasinthidwa chaka chilichonse, pang'onopang'ono zikukula kukula kwa mphikawo. Kuika kumachitika mchaka ndikutupa kwa impso. Mitengo yoposa zaka zitatu imalowedwa m'malo zaka zitatu zilizonse kapena pakufunika. Miphika ya ma lita asanu ndi yokwanira munthu wamkulu chomera chamkati. Muphika waukulu kwambiri ungachititse maluwa kusiya.
Dziwani kuti makangaza amakula bwino ndipo limamasula mumphika wopanikizika pang'ono.
Kanema: momwe mungasinthire makangaza chipinda
Momwe mungabzalale makangaza
Makangaza omwe amapangika kuchokera ku mbewu samakonda kusungira katundu wa amayi. Ndipo ngati ndi mwala wa makangaza wamba, wogulidwa m'sitolo kapena pamsika, ndiye kuti udzayamba kuphuka ndi kubala zipatso pokhapokha zaka 7-8.
Kuti tipeze chomera chamtundu wina, chimtengo chamtengo chimalumikizidwa kwa icho. Katemera amachitika m'ngululu, pakudzuka kwa impso. Scion ya scion iyenera kukhala ndi mainchesi ofanana ndi mainchesi a sitoko.
Pali mitundu yoposa 150 ya katemera. Mutha kusankha chilichonse malinga ndi makulidwe a masheya (mmera) ndi scion (odulidwa). Ganizirani njira yodziwika bwino yokhala ndi masitupa owonda - kutengera kosavuta.
M'matumba anu ndi nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimasinthidwa kukhala mitengo yamitundumitundu. Chomwe chimaphatikizira ndi chophweka: kudula kosakhudzika kwa kukula komweko kumapangidwa pamtundu ndi scion ndikuwakanikiza mwamphamvu kuti akule limodzi.
The stock ndi scion iyenera kukhala yemweyo mulifupi
Motsatira kagwiritsidwe:
- Pukutani masheya ndi dampo, nsalu yoyera. Pamalo osalala, pangani oblique ngakhale odulidwa pachimake penipeni pa 20-25 madigiri. Choyambacho chimapangidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa ndikusunthira kukayenda. Kutalika kwa kudula kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa mulifupi mwake kuti muwonjezere gawo lokhudzana ndi masheya ndi scion.
Kudula kumachitika pang'onopang'ono
- Pangani chodulira chogwirira chimodzimodzi ngati pamtunda, kubwereza 1 cm kuchokera pansi impso. Pamwamba pa chogwirira pamwamba pa impso yachitatu, pangani kudula mbali ina ya 45 ° kulowera ku impso.
- Lumikizani scion ndi sitolo kuti pamwamba pazigawo zigwirizane, ndikuwakanikiza mwamphamvu wina ndi mnzake.
- Sinthani malo katemera mwakulungidwa ndi tepi yolimba kapena filimu ya pulasitiki. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muchepetse kusunthidwa kwa magawo omwe adalumikizidwa. Ngati impso ili m'dera lomwe ikuwombera, ndiye kuti ndibwino kungoyisiya yotseguka.
Malo katemera ndi wokutidwa ndi tepi kapena kanema
- Valani chovala chapamwamba kwambiri chodula ndi varnishi ya m'munda kuti impso zisume.
- Chikwama cha pulasitiki choyera chimatha kuyikidwa pamalo opangira katemera kuti muchepetse kusintha kwa madzi.
Katemerayu atha kuonedwa kuti ndi wopambana ngati scion ndi stock zitakula limodzi ndipo masamba ayamba kukula. Pambuyo katemera wopambana, makangaza amakangaza mu zaka 3-4.
Munthawi yathu ino, ndizosatheka kulima makangaza m'mundamo, koma anthu omwe amawakonda amakula bwino panyumba. Kukula makangaza kuchokera m'mafupa a nyumba pazenera ndizowona, zosavuta komanso zosangalatsa.
