Kukongola kwauzimu: Chirichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Orchid Dracula

Dracula Orchid ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yosazolowereka ya ma orchid onse omwe amadziwika. Maluwawo amatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osadziwika a inflorescence, ofanana ndi kamwa la chinjoka.

Dzina lachiwiri, monkey orchid, ndi duwa lomwe limafanana ndi nkhope ya nyama. Alimi ambiri amalota kukula maluwa odabwitsa ndi osangalatsa, olemera mumithunzi ndi okhoza kuphulika pafupifupi chaka chonse, kunyumba kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha. Magulu ambiri a mtundu uwu amatchulidwa ndi mgwirizano ndi mayina okhudzana ndi mizimu yoyipa: "chimera", "gorgon", "nosferatu", "diabola".

Kufotokozera

Kumtchire, amapezeka nyengo yozizira ku South ndi Central America, akukula pamitengo ya mitengo kapena kuyenda pamtunda. Epiphyte - zomera zogwirizana ndi zomera zina, koma osasokoneza iwo, koma kuwagwiritsa ntchito monga chithandizo.

Oyimira a mtundu uwu ali ndi zidule zochepa, masamba omalizira otalika (zobiriwira kapena zobiriwira) ndi rhizome yaifupi (rhizome). Palibe pseudobulb, ntchito zawo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi timapepala timene timapanga, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yokhala ndi siponji, yomwe imagwira ntchito zazing'ono zomwe zimapezeka kunja.

Chidwi chachikulu ndi maluwa osazolowereka, osiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kukula ndi mtundu. Chinthu chofala pa mitundu yonse ya zamoyo ndi kukhalapo kwa sepals zitatu, kusonkhanitsidwa pamunsi ndikupanga mawonekedwe a mbale kapena kapu.

Malingaliro a pamakhala amatambasulidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri pamtunda mungathe kuwona malaya amkati. Pakati pa phokoso ndilo lotchedwa lipoto (tsamba lokhala mkati mwa perianth).

Kudumphira mu monkey orchids sizimayendetsedwa pansi, mu mitundu yambiri yomwe ili yosakwatiwa-yowonongeka, yowongoka kapena yochepa. Mbewu ndi yochuluka komanso yaying'ono, yofanana ndi tsinde.

Mitundu yambiri (mwachitsanzo, Dracula simia) ikhoza kufalikira chaka chonse.. Mwachibadwa, maluwa amachokera mungu osati tizilombo chabe, komanso ndi mitundu ina ya makoswe ndi makoswe.

Mbiri ya

Dracula anali woyamba kufotokozedwa m'chaka cha 1870 ndi wazitsamba wa ku Germany, Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach, wochokera ku chomera chomwe chinapezeka ndi orchid osonkhanitsa Benedict Roel ku Western Cordillera.

Wofusayo anadabwa ndi momwe duwalo linayambira ndipo anazitcha kuti "chimera." Maluwa amenewa anakantha wofufuzayo ndi mawonekedwe ake osadziwika, omwe anawatcha "Chimera".

Poyamba, nthumwi za Dracula zapadera zinaperekedwa kwa ma orchids ena - Masdevalla, koma mu 1878 poyerekeza ndi zida zina za mtunduwo zinagawanika. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, Dracula anali malo otchuka otentha otentha ku Ulaya..

Zosiyana

Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mitundu ina ya orchids ndiko kusowa kwa pseudobulbs (pamwamba pa nthaka ya tubers). Kuzungulira moyo wa monkey orchid sikupatsa mpumulo, womwe ukuwonetseredwa maluwa.

Magulu ndi zithunzi

Mu botani, pali 3 subgenera ya orchid ya Dracula. Onani zithunzi zawo.

Sodiroa ndi subspecies monotypic (mwachitsanzo, kukhala ndi mitundu imodzi).

Xenosia ndi subotypic subspecies.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Dracula subspecies ikuphatikizapo mitundu ina yonse..

Pafupifupi zinyama khumi ndi zisanu ndi zisanu (15) zowonjezereka ndi interspecific zimadziwika.

Maluwa

Kunyumba, maluwa sichidalira nthawi yake ndipo, panthawi yoyenera, ikhoza kuchitika nthawi iliyonse ya chaka ndi kangapo pachaka. M'chilengedwe, maluwa otchedwa orchid amapezeka nthawi zambiri kuyambira June mpaka August..

Zosamalira

Pokumbukira mikhalidwe yabwino yomwe ikukula bwino panthawi ya maluwa, Dracula safuna chisamaliro chapadera. Pamene duwa limayamba kufalikira, liyenera kuchotsedwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, maluwa a orchid amatha kuikidwa ndipo zomera zimasungidwa mumtunda wouma kuti zitheke.

Orchid Dracula imatanthawuza mtundu wa mavotolo. Pa peduncle imodzi, maluwa atsopano amakula, kotero ndikofunika kuchotsa masamba otuka m'nthawi yake.

Kodi mungatani ngati chomeracho sichitha?

N'zotheka kulimbikitsa maonekedwe a duwa ndi kutentha kwapangidwe - usiku usiku madigiri 5-6 pansi (kutentha) kuposa masana (Kutentha). Kapena, kuyambira May mpaka September, ziyenera kusungidwa panja pa khonde, motero zimapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chichepetse usiku. Mungagwiritsenso ntchito kuunikira kwina m'nyengo yozizira ndi zipangizo zowala.

Zokhutira: malangizo ndi sitepe

Kuti ubwino wa mbewuyo ukhale wotetezeka, zikhalidwe zomangidwa zimayenera kukhala pafupi ndi chilengedwe.

1. Kusankha malo. Mbali yabwino yoperekera malo ndi kum'maŵa kapena kum'mwera chakum'mawa (ndi kuwala kochepa), ndipo mbali ya kumpoto idzachita, koma m'nyengo yozizira orchid idzafuna kuunikira kwina.
2. Kukonzekera ndi mphika. Kubzala kumapangidwa m'miphika yowonekera yopangidwa ndi pulasitiki kapena madengu apadera. Mtsinje wa sphagnum uli pansi, pamwamba pake pansi pake pamayikidwa (chisakanizo cha mizu yachitsulo yokomedwa, pine makungwa, malasha) komanso chapamwamba kwambiri chimaphatikizapo moss kusunga chinyezi.
3. Kutentha. Kutentha kwa chilimwe sikuyenera kukhala kuposa + madigiri 24, m'nyengo yozizira ili mkati + 12-16.
4. Chinyezi. Chinyezi chiyenera kukhala chapamwamba kwambiri - 80-85% ndipo pofuna kupeŵa kuchuluka kwa bowa ndi mabakiteriya, chipinda chiyenera kukhala mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse.

   Ndikofunikira: Kuti muwonjezere chinyezi, mungagwiritse ntchito zida zowononga mpweya kapena kuyika dothi losakanikirana ndi dongo pafupi ndi chomera, chomwe, mukatenthedwa, chidzasungunuka madzi ndi kuwonjezerako chinyezi.
5. Kuunikira. Orchid Dracula imakula bwino mu mdima wodetsedwa kapena mthunzi wache, womwe umagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chawo chochepa chakumtunda cha nkhalango, chomwe sichilowa dzuwa. Ngati simungathe kuunikira, orchid sidzakhala pachimake, ngati yayamba, kuyaka kudzawonekera pa masamba ndipo zomera zidzayamba kuuma.
6. Kuthirira. Orchids amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse komanso okwanira. Madzi akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito mofewa, bwino thawed kapena osankhidwa. Nthawi zambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa ulimi wothirira zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa zomwe zilipo komanso kuchuluka kwa kuwala. Chomeracho chiyenera kuyamwa ndi kusungunuka chinyezi. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, madzi sayenera kugwedezeka kuti mizu ikhale yovunda, koma nthaka youma ikhoza kutsogolera imfa ya mizu.
7. Kupaka pamwamba. Dracula amamera panthawi ya kukula kwatsopano pa madzi okwanira atatu. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chovala chapamwamba ndi cholemba chapadera "kwa orchids", chifukwa chomeracho chimakhala chokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mchere womwe nthawi zambiri umapezeka m'ma feteleza.
8. Kuwaza. Kuwotchera kawirikawiri sikufuna Dracula Orchid. Ndi bwino kubzala ngati nthaka ili ndi mchere kapena yayingani kapena mizu yakula kwambiri. Nthaŵi yabwino yopatsirizidwa ndi nthawi ya kukula kwa maolivi musanayambe maluwa.
9. KuswanaKawirikawiri, mtundu wa orchid uwu umafalitsidwa ndi njira zamasamba - pogawanika chitsamba cha mayi kukhala ziwalo. Chomeracho chimachotsedwa mu mphika, mizu imatsukidwa. Kutenga kumapangidwa ndi mpeni, kuwaza malo odulidwa ndi makala ndikulola mizu kuti iume. Kenaka tchire timabzalidwa m'zinthu zosiyana.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Drachula Orchid imakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amapezeka ndi bowa, mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya. Kawirikawiri ndi: kupasuka, wakuda, imvi ndi zowola.

Chomera choyenera chiyenera kukhala chosiyana ndi ena onse. ndikupanga njira yothetsera fungicidal mpaka mutachira.

Orchid imakopanso tizirombo zambiri:

• Kupuma - tizilombo tavuta kwambiri kuchotsa. Pofuna kupewa maonekedwe awo, akulangizidwa kuti apopera mbewu ndi kulowetsedwa kwa adyo.
• Aphid - amadyetsa zomera zosamba; imachotsedwa pamanja pogwiritsa ntchito swab ya thonje yosakanizidwa ndi madzi sosa.
• Whitefly - nthawi zambiri amatha kusudzulana m'chilimwe ndikuyika mphutsi zawo pa masamba, akuyesa chomera. Kuchotsa tizilombowa kumafuna kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa a calendula ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mphutsi ndi swab.

Maluwa ofanana

Dracula ya orchid ikhoza kusokonezeka ndi zomera za mtundu wa Masdevalla, kapangidwe ka maluwa ndi maluwa omwe ali ofanana ndi omwe m'zaka za m'ma 1800 Dracula anali wosiyana kwambiri.

• Masdevallia Falcata - Imodzi mwa zomera zotchuka kwambiri za mitundu iyi. Zili ndi lalanje kapena maluŵa ofiira komanso maluwa okongola. mosiyana ndi dracula, milomo sinafotokozedwe.
• Masdevallia Baby Doll - Chomera chosakanizidwa ndi chobiriwira chowala kwambiri cha lalanje mthunzi. Imafanana ndi pupa yaing'ono ndipo ikuyenera kukula mu mphika.
• Masdevallia Aquarius - ali ndi maluwa otchedwa mandimu-chikasu omwe ali ndi masamba odzala kwambiri ndi chikho chopitirira patsogolo. Milomo siyiwoneka ngati Dracula.
• Masdevallia Discolor - masdevalia wambirimbiri ndi mtundu wofiira kuchokera ku zoyera mpaka kufiira ndi mdima wakuda. Milomo imatchulidwa, ndipo izi zimawoneka ngati katswiri.