Mbatata fusarium ndimatenda owopsa a mbewu zamasamba, nthawi zambiri - mbatata. Kupanda kutero, imatchedwa youma zowola kapena fusarium wilting. Matendawa amawonekera ndikuphwanya dziko lapansi ndi zipatso ndi bowa wa banja la Fusarium oxysporum, lomwe limachulukana mwachangu, limafalikira m'nthaka ndipo ndizovuta kutulukamo.
Zoyambitsa Fusarium Mbatata Wopaka
Choyamba, zipatso zomwe zimawonongeka panthawi yokumba ndi mayendedwe, komanso zomwe zowononga tizirombo, zimakhudzidwa. Kupitilira apo, matendawa amafalikira kuzinthu zonse ndi zida zomwe zimakhudzana ndi nthaka: zovala, nsapato, zida zamaluwa, mbewu zowonongeka, nsonga, ndi zina zambiri.
Kuchuluka kwa zochitika za matendawa kumachitika ndendende nthawi yomwe tubers ikukhazikika, motere, izi zikuwopseza mwininyumba ndikuwonongeka kwa gawo lalikulu la mbewu ya mbatata. Ma Tubers omwe akhudzidwa ndi matenda a Fusarium amasiyana ndi athanzi powoneka bwino ndi amtundu wakuda kuposa mtundu - awa ndi zowola.
Nthawi zambiri, mbatata fusarium imapezeka kumwera kwa Russia, m'chigawo cha Astrakhan ndi Volgograd, ku Ukraine komanso madera ena kumpoto kwa North Caucasus, koma mayiko ena onse sangakhudzidwe.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa:
- Chinyezi chokwanira kwambiri chifukwa cha mvula ya nthawi yayitali, nyengo yozizira.
- Kubzala mbatata zopatsirana (zipatso zonse ziyenera kufufuzidwa mosamala mukazizira).
- Kunyalanyaza zamankhwala zisanachitike tsambalo musanadzalemo mbatata.
- Chiwerengero chachikulu cha tizirombo, tizilombo ndi makoswe, omwe ali onyamula matenda.
- Kuperewera kwa feteleza, michere ndi michere yachilengedwe m'nthaka, makamaka ngati mbewu zabzalidwa panthaka yopanda chonde.
- Kubzala pafupipafupi mbatata pamalo omwewo. Zomera zonse zimafunikira kasinthidwe kazomera.
- Kusungidwa kosayenera kwa mbatata m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba.
Zizindikiro
Fusarium sikuwoneka mwachangu. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zamatenda a mbatata sizitha kuwonekera osapitirira mwezi umodzi utadwala. Woyang'anira dimba atha kuzindikira zizindikiro monga: kuthothoka ndi masamba a masamba (vuto lakelo, masamba amatha kutembenukira chikasu ndikugwa); kudetsa ndi kuwola pamwamba pa tsinde, makamaka ndi dothi lalitali komanso chinyezi cha mpweya; chipatso chowola cha mbatata mukakumba.
Kupewa
Pofuna kuti tisawononge nthawi yambiri, mphamvu ndi ndalama pakusunga ndi kuchiza mbewu, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu mosavomerezeka:
- Kusamalira madzi mosamala ndi chlorine ndikofunikira zida zamaluwa, nsapato ndi zovala zomwe zimakumana ndi zipatso komanso dothi lomwe lili ndi kachilombo
- Chofunika kuchotsera odwala ndi muzu wodwala ngati kuli kotheka pamoto. Thumba lomwe linakumbidwa ndi ma tubers limachotsedwanso pamalowo. Kuyika zipatso zomwe zili ndi vuto pansanja kapena mobisa kungayambitse kuipitsidwa kwa mbewu zoyandikana
- Sankhani kubzala mitundu yosagwirizana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus komanso tizirombo
- Ndikofunika kuti muzisinthasintha mbeu pachaka, ndiye kuti ngati zingatheke, sinthani malo m'malo
Njira ndi Chithandizo cha Mbatata
Mumsika wamakono, mbatata zophikira mbatata kuchokera ku zowola, bowa ndi tizirombo timagulitsidwa pamsika waukulu. Pali mankhwala omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ambiri omwe amateteza zipatso kuchokera ku zoopsa zonse, koma palinso zomwe zimapangidwira matenda ena. Zitha kugawidwa mu mankhwala ndi kwachilengedwe.
Njira zowongolera zamankhwala
Gulu la zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa pamaziko a mankhwala omwe amawonongera fungus wa Fusarium.
Mankhwalawa akuphatikiza chida chatsopano Kulfugo Super. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakufalitsa mwachangu matendawa, poletsa mapangidwe a bowa watsopano. Sivulaza nyama ndi tizilombo, yoyenera onse oyandikana.
Udzu wa herbicide Titus umalimbana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Amathandizira dothi asanabzalidwe kuteteza matenda.
Njira yothetsera kukonzekera Maxim ndioyenereradi kukonzedwa komwe mbatata za mbatata zimamizidwa musanadzalemo.
Mtundu wina wa zotetezera mbewu ndi bomba la Whist bomba, lomwe limapangidwa mwachindunji mu nyumba yosungiramo katundu pomwe mbatata zaphimbidwa kale nthawi yozizira, ndipo ndiwoteteza mbewu yosavulaza komanso yodalirika panthawi yosunga.
Njira zachilengedwe
Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe ndi komwe kamapanga zipatso musanabzale. Gulu lodziwika bwino la Integral, Bactofit ndi Fitosporin ali m'gululi.
Adziyambitsa okha pakati pa alimi ngati akatswiri enieni. Amagulitsidwa makamaka ngati ufa kapena kuyimitsidwa, womwe umayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi. Kukula kwake kumadalira mtundu wa chithandizo: kuthirira nthaka musanafesere, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa nthawi yakubzala kapena kupopera mbewu manitsi.
Fusariosis ndi matenda omwe samakhudzana ndi mbatata zokha, komanso mbewu zina zolimidwa komanso zakutchire, chifukwa chake muyenera kusamala pochotsa dothi kuti musawononge mbewu.
