Autoclave yopanga zakudya

Ma autoclaves akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera ambiri: mankhwala, cosmetology, ndi mafakitale osiyanasiyana, koma ambiri amadziwa zipangizo zopezera kunyumba. Chifukwa cha mtundu wa mankhwala ophikidwa mwa iwo, kutchuka kotero sikudabwitsa. Ambiri akufunitsitsa kugula kapena kupanga njira yofananamo yogwiritsira ntchito kunyumba, choncho lero tikambirana za ubwino ndi zovuta zogula ndi zopangidwa kunyumba.

Zamkatimu:

• Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi kapangidwe ka chipangizocho
• Mitundu ya autoclaves
• Magetsi
• Gasi
• Ubwino wotsalira kuphika mu autoclaves
• Malangizo ogwiritsidwa ntchito
• Momwe mungatenthe
• Kupewa chitetezo pamene mukugwira ntchito ndi autoclave
• Autoclave DIY
• Kusankhidwa kwa magawo oyenera a mphamvu
• Fufuzani zofunika ndi zipangizo zofunika
• Zigawo zazikulu za kupanga
• Ndemanga

Kodi autoclave ndi chiyani?

Autoclave - zida zotsekemera zokhala ndi mankhwala okwera kutentha. Kuphika, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika nyama, nsomba, masamba, ndi zipatso zamzitini ku maulendo apamwamba (4.5-5.5 atm.) Kutentha kwa madzi ndi kutentha kwa 120 ° 125 ° C. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mankhwala akhoza kukonzekera onse mu galasi ndi zitsulo.

Mukudziwa? Chithunzi cha autoclave chinayamba mu 1679 chifukwa cha chiwerengero cha masamu a ku France ndi katswiri wotchuka Denis Papen.

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi kapangidwe ka chipangizocho

Chipangizo cha autoclave n'chosavuta, chimachokera ku malamulo odziwika bwino a sayansi. Malingana ndi iwo, madzi aliwonse ali ndi malo ake otentha, atatha kutentha komwe sikutheka. Kwa madzi, pansi pa chikhalidwe, ndime iyi ndi 100 ° C. Kufikira pazizindikirozi, madzi amakhala nthunzi ndipo pamakhala mawonekedwe otentha. Mapangidwe amphamvu a nthunzi amatchedwa kutentha. Mpweya umayamba kuonekera kutentha kwa 90 ° C, ndipo pafupi ndi 100 ° C, mpweya wambiri. Ngati mutaphika madzi kwa nthawi yaitali, zonsezi zimasanduka madzi. Komabe, ngati kupanikizika kukuwonjezeka mu malo otentha, ndiye kuti malo otentha adzawonjezeka ndipo ikafika kufika pa 100 ° C, madzi adzalinso ngati nthunzi, koma zambiri zimakhalabe ndi madzi. Ndi pa mfundo imeneyi kuti autoclaves amagwira ntchito:

1. Madzi omwe ali mkati mwawo amawotchedwa kuti apange mpweya.
2. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe otsekemera a tangi, mpweya sukhoza kuchoka pamalire a autoclave ndi kuwonjezera kukakamizidwa mmenemo.
3. Pamene vuto likutuluka, madzi amathira pang'onopang'ono, amasunga madzi amtundu wautali, komabe kutentha kwa chidebe kumatuluka.

Chotsatira chake, chipangizochi chimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri kuposa 100 ° C, zomwe zimawononga mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pa nthawi yomweyi, zakudya zamzitini zimakonzedwa motsogoleredwa ndi kutentha kwa nthunzi, zomwe zimathamanga kwambiri komanso zimakula bwino.

Mitundu ya autoclaves

Autoclaves akhoza kusankhidwa malinga ndi zifukwa zingapo:

• malingana ndi mawonekedwe: ofukula, osasunthika, khola;
• pogwiritsa ntchito malo ogwirira ntchito: kusinthasintha, kusuntha, kusasunthika.

Komabe, ogula amakhala ndi chidwi ndi magetsi omwe amatha kutenthetsa autoclave. Mwachifukwa ichi, zipangizo zimagawidwa magetsi ndi mpweya.

Phunzirani momwe mungapulumutsire mphesa, kabichi, dzungu, mbatata, maapulo, mavwende, kaloti, nkhaka ndi anyezi m'nyengo yozizira.

Magetsi

Kutentha kwa zipangizozi kumapereka makina okonzera okonza mkati, opangidwa ndi maukonde. Ubwino wa zitsanzo zamagetsi ndi awa:

• njira yophika mwamsanga;
• kukhalapo kwa chipangizo chomwe chimasungira kutentha komwe kumafunidwa mu thanki;
• njira yabwino yophimba, kutseka chomwe chiri chokwanira kutembenuza chotupa chimodzi;
• kuyenda. Chipangizochi chikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pamalo alionse.

Zogulitsa lero pali autoclaves osiyanasiyana. Zina mwazinthu zotchuka za bajeti ndizo:

• "Baby Stainless ECU" 22 l;
• "Mwana El. Nerg." ndi malita 22;
• "PITA ST." ndi malita 22;
• "Wosamala" 46 malita.

Gasi

Ma autoclaves a gasi lero ndi okwera mtengo chifukwa amalephera kutchuka mu magetsi. Amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya ndi magetsi, amaloledwanso kugwiritsa ntchito moto. Zipangizo zamagetsi zimagulitsidwa m'mabuku osiyanasiyana ndi zitsanzo, zomwe ndizo:

• "Woteteza" (14 l);
• autoclave yapamwamba (17 l) ТМ "Kutentha bwino";
• "Baby GazNerzh-U" (22 l).

Mukudziwa? Chakudya choyamba chamagazi chinawonekera ku Igupto wakale. Iwo anali ndi abakha owouka mu mafuta, omwe anaikidwa mu zotengera zadothi za magawo awiri, atakulungidwa ndi utomoni.

Ubwino wotsalira kuphika mu autoclaves

Kwa munthu watsopano wothandizira, kugwira ntchito ndi autoclave kumawoneka kovuta komanso kwautali. Koma izi zimabwera chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zochitika zenizeni. Ndikofunika kuyesa kamodzi kokha - ndipo zidzatsimikizirika kuti ubwino wa njira yotere ndi wofunika kwambiri kusiyana ndi zovuta zake.

Zamzitini m'nyengo yozizira bowa, chanterelles, yamatcheri, nandolo, nkhaka, tomato, blueberries, nyemba zobiriwira, yamatcheri ndi mavwende.

Ndipo mndandanda wa ubwino wa nyumba za autoclaves ndi wochititsa chidwi:

• Zimatengera mphindi 30-40 kuti zithetse chipangizochi: Dzadzani mitsuko ndikuyiyika mu chidebe, kenako njira yophika ikhoza popanda kutenga nawo mbali;
• Panthawi imodzimodziyo imakonzedwa kuchokera ku zitini 14 ndi mulingo wa 0,5 l (muchitsanzo chochepa kwambiri) ndi zina;
• kuphika pa kutentha pamwamba pa 100 ° C kumawononga mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, motsogoleredwa ndi causative wothandizira botulism;
• popeza tizirombo tawonongeka, salifu moyo wa mankhwala otsirizidwa waperekedwa kangapo;
• Chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu komweko, zakudya zimaphika mofulumira, ngakhale kusunga mavitamini ndi minerals yochuluka kusiyana ndi kuphika nthawi zonse kapena kuphika;
• popeza zakudya zamzitini zimachotsedwa mumadzi ake omwe ali ndi chidebe chosungunuka, njira yophikayi imadziwika kuti ndi yopindulitsa kwambiri.

Ndikofunikira! Mtengo wogula njira imabweretsa ndalama mu 1-2 nyengo.

Autoclaving mu autoclave amasiyanitsa chakudya chanu chachisanu ndi zakudya zokoma ndi kusunga bajeti ya banja.

Malangizo ogwiritsidwa ntchito

Musanayambe, tsatirani malamulo awa:

• Sambani mitsuko musanadzaze, koma musadwale;
• Kudzaza chidebecho ndi chakudya, kuchoka pa masentimita 2-3 a katundu kuti katunduyo athe kuwonjezeka muyeso panthawi yotentha;
• mabanki amalowetsedwa mu kaseti (ngati pali chipangizo chokonzekera), ndiyeno kaseti imatsikira mu autoclave;
• amaloledwa kuyika chidebecho mumitsinje ingapo, koma chidebe chimodzi kwa wina;
• pamene mukudzaza madzi, lizani kayendedwe kake: ziyenera kukhala 3-4 masentimita apamwamba kuposa mzere wapamwamba wa chidebe, koma osati kufika pamphepete mwa chipinda cha autoclave ndi masentimita 5-6;
• Tsekani chivindikirocho mwamphamvu.

Pangani utsi wotentha wosuta ndi nkhuni za nkhuni kuti musuta ndi manja anu omwe.

Momwe mungatenthe

Mabango amaika madzi otentha (60 ° C) madzi. Ngati muli mu chidebe timakhala ndi masamba ndi zipatso zomwe zimatentha, malinga ndi kake, ndiye kuti kutentha kwa madzi mu autoclave kumafunika 70 ... 90 ° С. Pambuyo poika zitini ndi kutsekera chivindikiro, yambani kutenthetsa kutentha komwe mukufuna.

Ndikofunikira! Mlingo ndi nthawi ya kubereka zimadalira mankhwala ndi kuchuluka kwa chidebecho.

Malangizo a autoclave alionse ndi zizindikiro zawo, koma kutentha kwa mitundu ina ya zakudya zamzitini kungapezeke patebulo:

Mtengo wa mankhwala otsiriza ndi kusungidwa kwake kumadalira mwachindunji kutsata boma la kutentha ndi nthawi yophika yofunika.

Kupewa chitetezo pamene mukugwira ntchito ndi autoclave

Autoclave imagwira ntchito ndi kutentha, choncho nkofunika kudziwa momwe mungakhalire bwino ntchito yake mwa chitetezo:

• Nthawi zonse pitirizani kufika pamtambo wotentha womwe umatchulidwa mu Chinsinsi. Kupitirira apo ndilololedwa kokha ndi 2 ° C, osati kuposa;
• nthawi yowakayika (kuphika mwachindunji mankhwalawa) amalingalira kuchokera nthawi yomwe kutentha kwa autoclave kumafikira, komwe kuli kofunika kuphika, osati kuchokera pomwe mphindiyo yatsegula kapena chidebe chaikidwa;
• Nsomba ndi nyama Zakudya zam'chitini zimakonzedwa m'matini mpaka 2 malita;
• Ngati mumasakaniza mwana wamwamuna wamphongo wapakatikati kapena ng'ombe, yonjezani njirayi ndi mphindi 15-20;
• Nsomba ya Mtsinje imakonzedwanso kwa mphindi khumi ndi mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri (20-20) kuposa nthawi yomwe imapezeka m'maphikidwe a nsomba za m'nyanja
• kumamatira kutentha kofunikira ndi nthawi yophika;
• Pamapeto pa ndondomekoyi, titsani kutentha ndi kuyamba kutentha chigawocho. Kwa magetsi, chifukwa cha izi muyenera kuthira madzi pamphepete, ndi magetsi - kuyembekezera chizindikiro;
• Komanso pofuna chitetezo, tetezani kuthamanga ndi cheva.
• kukoka pansi pa kaseti. Mukamazizira kutentha, ndiye kuti mukhoza kumasula chidebecho.

Mukudziwa? Aroma akale anakhala oyamba chipatso cha vinyo. Senema Marc Portia Cato Mkulu mu ntchito yake ina adalongosola momwe angayesere zakumwa kwa chaka chonse.

Autoclave DIY

Autoclave ndi yokonzedwa mophweka, ambiri amisiri amapanga izo ndi manja awo pakhomo. Ngati mukufuna chidwi chomwecho, samverani malangizo awa.

Kusankhidwa kwa magawo oyenera a mphamvu

Chinthu choyamba muyenera kusankha pazomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito m'tsogolo. Njira yodalirika komanso yotchipa pa nkhaniyi ndi botolo la propane. Ili ndi mawonekedwe oyenera, ndipo makulidwe ake ali pamwamba pa 3 mm, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipirire kupirira kwakukulu. Njira zina zimathandizanso kuti:

• zozimitsa moto zamakina;
• zitini za mkaka;
• mapaipi achitsulo ndi makoma akuluakulu.

Pachifukwa ichi, zosankha ziwiri zomalizira ziyenera kulimbikitsa pansi, pokhapokha ngati simungapulumutsidwe kwa nthawi yaitali. Kuwonjezera pa vesili, zonse zilipo pano: 14-lita akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu botolo la ma lita 24 ndi 0,5 malita kapena 5 lita imodzi, botolo la lita 50 (lomwe lidzakambiraniranso) limaphatikizapo zitini 8 za 2 lita imodzi.

Fufuzani zofunika ndi zipangizo zofunika

Kuwonjezera pa kamera ya autoclave, tidzakhalanso ndi zigawo zowonjezera ndi zipangizo zowonjezera. Ntchito idzakhala yothandiza:

• Chibulgaria;
• kubowola;
• inverter yowonjezera.

Konzani kuchokera kuzinthu:

• kabuku kakang'ono ka carbon carbon (10 mm) kwa chivundikiro;
• kwa khosi - chidutswa cha chitoliro F159 ndi makulidwe a 5 mm;
• 3 mm pepala kapena chida chachitsulo kuti ukhale ndi pulogalamu yamtsogolo;
• Ngati mukufuna kuyesa kupanikizika ndi kutentha (kuyamikiridwa), ndiye mutenge mphutsi kuti muyese kupanikizika ndi kutentha kwa thupi;
• Zidutswa 8 M12 makonde ndi mtedza;
• Manometer ndi thermometer;
• chitetezo cha chitetezo.

Ndikofunikira! Kupanga kupanikizika kwakukulu m'thupi liyenera kuyika valavu pa chipinda cha galimoto.

Zigawo zazikulu za kupanga

Tsopano - ntchito yeniyeni yokomanayo:

1. Ikani bulere lopanda kanthu ndikuchotseratu galasi yakale (ngati simungathe kuichotsa, ikani pamtunda).
2. Kenaka, ngati mutatero, muyenera kudzaza billet pamwamba ndi madzi kuti muthe kuchotsa zotsalira za mafuta.
3. Kenaka dulani "chapu" pamwamba pa msoko pamphepete ndi kupanga mawonekedwe a valve, manometer ndikuyenerera kutentha kwa mpweya.
4. Tsopano khalani okonzeka zitsulo pansi pansi ndi kukonza izo ndi kuwotcherera.
5. Kupanga khosi: dulani kuchokera ku mphete ya F159 ndi kutalika kwa mamita 40 ndi kupingasa ndi mtsuko wa 2-lita. Oyeretsani, onetsetsani pamsampha ngati mukufunikira. Kuti mugwirizane bwino, onetsetsani kuti muli ndi phokoso pa galasi.
6. Lembani khosi pansi pa "kapu" yomwe mwadula kale, pezani ndondomeko yake ndikudula chopukusira.
7. Ikani mphete ya collar ndikuiyika ku "kapu" kumbali zonsezo.
8. Tsopano mukufunika kupanga chivundikiro. Iyenera kudutsa pakamwa pa khosi. Pansi pake kuti muteteze mphika wa mphira ndi mzere wa 3 mm, kuti zikhale zosavuta kukhazikitsa chivundikirocho.
9. Tumizani zigawo zonsezi pamtambo, ndiyeno pewani "kapu" kumbuyo kwa chimwala.
10. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matani.
11. Ikani valavu yotetezera kumanzere, kuthamanga kwapakati ndi thermometer kumanja.

Autoclave yathu yakonzeka, tsopano ndi kofunika kuyesa iyo isanayambe ntchito. Kuti muchite izi, valani ziwalo zonse ndi sopo ndi madzi ndikukweza mkati mwa 8 atm. Ngati pali ming'oma, zikutanthawuza kuti kutsekemera ndi kosafunikira, ndikofunikira kumaliza. Ndi bwino kuchita choyambitsa choyamba mu autoclave yatsopano pamsewu monga fungo lamphamvu.

Nsomba zakumwa panyumba.

Autoclave ndi njira yabwino yosunga mavitamini okwanira kwa nthawi yaitali ndikusunga ndalama zanu. Sichitenga nthawi yochuluka yokonzekera, ndipo zotsatira za ntchito yake zimaposa zonse zomwe tikuyembekeza. Ngakhale mutasunga pang'ono, mumatengapo mpata kuti muchepetse ndondomekoyi, ingotengera chitsanzo ndi buku lalifupi. Mutayesa kamodzi mankhwala omwe anakonzedwa mu autoclave, simubwerera kubwalo laling'ono kapena ogulitsa.

Video: Auto autoclave

Ndemanga