Ngati maloto anu ndi malo owetera njuchi, choyamba muyenera kudziwa momwe njuchi zimakhalira komanso kusiyana pakati pa njuchi. Mtundu uliwonse umasiyana ndi ntchito yake, khalidwe, kukana chisanu, komanso maonekedwe.
Mpaka pano, padziko lonse mukhoza kukhala pafupifupi mitundu khumi ndi iwiri ya njuchi. M'nkhaniyi tikuwonetsa mtundu wambiri wa njuchi.
Chikasu cha Caucasus
Njuchi zonse zachikasu za ku Armenia, Georgia, ndi Azerbaijan zimapezeka chifukwa cha njuchi zachikasu za ku Caucasus. Mtundu wa njuchi ndi njuchi ndi mphete zoyera. Njuchi yamodzi imodzi imatha 90 mg, ndipo proboscis yake ndi 6.6-6.9 mm. Kulemera kwa chiberekero chosabereka ndi 180 mg, ndipo kamwana ka fetus - 200 mg. 
Mukudziwa? Chiberekero cha chiberekero cha njuchi izi ndi chodabwitsa: chimatha kufika mazira 1,700 patsiku. Chiberekero chake chimafesedwa m'munsi mwa chisa.M'nyengo yofunda, yofatsa, njuchi zachikasu za ku Caucasus zimakhala bwino. Kutentha kozizira kwambiri si kwa iwo. Malo okhala, pamatentha mpaka +8 ° C, amatha kupanga maulendo a nyengo yozizira. Kugwiritsa ntchito uchi m'nyengo yozizira ndi kotsika kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa masika, njuchi zachikasu za ku Caucasus zimayamba kukula.
Mitengo ya njuchi ndi yabwino kwambiri, imamasula mpaka khumi ndi awiri ndipo imatha kuyika maselo 100 a mfumukazi. Omwe akudziwa bwino alimi amanena kuti pangakhale mimba 2-3 mu nkhwangwa, ndipo pambuyo pa nthata za njuchi zimalowa mumng'oma, zimasiya chiberekero chabwino, ndikupha ena onse.
Njuchi za ku Caucasian zakuda zimakhala mwamtendere. Poyang'ana chisa cha njuchi, mfumukazi siyimitsa ntchito yake, ndipo njuchi sizichoka. Mafelemu amatulutsa kwambiri, akusiya chonyowa, chikwangwani chakuda cha uchi.
Njuchi zimabera bwino ndipo zimatha kupha mabanja ena, ndipo zimateteza zisa zawo molakwika. Amatha kukolola phula ndi mungu bwino, kugwira ntchito mwakhama, akhoza kusonkhanitsa uchi wambiri. Uchi wa njuchi ndi wochepa. Amafulumira kusintha chiphuphu kwa wina, kusagwira bwino nyengo sikunachepetse. Amagwirizana ndi nyengo yotentha kwambiri, komanso kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
Central Russian
Nkhalango ya ku Central Central ya njuchi lero ikufalikira padziko lonse lapansi, komabe ku Central ndi kumpoto kwa Ulaya kumaonedwa kuti ndi dziko lakwawo. Njuchi za mtundu uwu zimakhala zazikulu, zitha kulemera mpaka 110 mg. Thupi la njuchi ndi lofiira, lokhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi lalitali, 5 mm kutalika, ndi proboscis - mpaka 6.4 mm. Akamenyedwa ndi njuchi, akhoza kuteteza chisa chake molakwika ndipo sangathe kuba. 
Ndikofunikira! Izi ndi njuchi zokwiya kwambiri: akayesa zisa zawo, amatha kuchita zinthu mwaukali, kusiya uchi, ndikukhala m'magulu pamunsi.Chisa cha propolisut mopanda malire. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ziphuphu zachiwawa. Choyamba, njuchi zimadzaza shopu la uchi; ngati malowa atadzazidwa, amagwiritsa ntchito chisa, pochepetsa kuchepetsa ana. Ngati ataya chiberekero, ndiye kuti m'banja mwanthawi yaitali njuchi zowonongeka siziwoneka.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, Njuchi za ku Central Central zimatha kulimbana ndi chisanu kuposa ena. Popeza m'bwalo lachisanu mpweya wa carbon dioxide uli mkati mwa 4%, izi zimapangitsa kuti njuchi zikhale mopuma, kuchepetsa ntchito. Njuchi iyi ndi yabwino kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, theka la njuchi ndiloweta.
Njuchi zimasonkhanitsa uchi kuchokera ku buckwheat, linden ndi heather. Pochita zokolola, amatha kupitirira njuchi zina. Otsitsira uchi amakhala oyera. Amatha kusonkhanitsa mungu wambiri ndikukhala wabwino.
Mphepete mwa Grey Caucasus
Nthanga zamapiri Nkhalango za Caucasus za njuchi zamapezeka m'malo amapiri a Transcaucasus ndi Caucasus. Njuchi za mitundu iyi ndi mtendere wamtendere. Zili ndizitali kwambiri mpaka 7.2 mm. Kulemera kwa njuchi za tsiku limodzi kumatha kufika 90 mg, akazi opitirira 200 mg, ndipo osabereka - kufika 180 mg. Nkhumba zazimayi zimafikira mpaka 1500 mazira patsiku. 
Nest propolisovano wambiri, uchi wolemba chizindikiro umanyowa, mdima wakuda. Njuchi izi zimayambitsa zisa zina, ndipo zimatha kuteteza okha. Ngati muyang'ana kuzungulira chisa cha njuchi, adzichita bwino, osasiya ntchito pa chisa, ngakhale mutachipeza. Mbali yapadera ya mtundu uwu ndikuti amasonkhanitsa timadzi tokoma kwambiri. Popanda kuvutika, amatha kupeza gwero la chiphuphu, mwamsanga amasintha zomera zomwe timadzi tokoma timapezeka.
Ndi chitetezo chokwanira cha timadzi tokoma kuchokera ku buckwheat ndi linden, sichiposa kuposa njuchi za ku Russia zomwe zimapindulitsa. Choyamba, wokondedwa amasonkhanitsidwa kumbali ya chisa, ndiyeno m'zinthu zowonjezera. Kukolola kwa njuchi zazikulu za ku Caucasus ndizochepa, ndi 4-5% yokhayo ingakhale mu dzombe. Koma amatha kuika maselo a mfumukazi 8 mpaka 20.
Ndi kosavuta kusinthana ndi njuchi kupita kuntchito yomwe njuchi zimagwira ntchito. Ngati njuchi zikugonjetsa osati m'mayiko awo, ndiye kuti chiwombankhanga chawo chimachepa, chimakhala chosiyana ndi a Russia. Maulendo amalekerera bwino.
Carpathian
Malo amtundu uwu wa njuchi ndi a Carpathians. Thupi la njuchi ndi imvi, proboscis ndi 7 mm kutalika, ndipo kulemera kwa njuchi zogwira ntchito ndi 110 mg. Chiberekero cha fetal chimalemera mpaka 205 mg, ndipo chosabereka - 185 mg. M'chaka, pamene kukula kwa mabanja kuli kwakukulu, chiberekero cha chiberekero chikhoza kufika mazira 1,800 patsiku. 
Chidziwitso cha njuchi izi ndikuti amatha kuyamba kusonkhanitsa ntchito akadakali aang'ono. Njuchi zimatulutsa timadzi tokoma timene tili ndi shuga pang'ono. Njuchi za Carpathian zimakhala mwamtendere kwambiri, zimakhala zokhazikika poyang'ana chisa, popanda kusiya ntchito zawo, zomwe zimakhala zochepa.
Chisindikizo cha uchi ndi choyera komanso chouma. Kukolola kwa mabanja ndi kwakukulu, kumatha kufika makilogalamu 40. Njuchi za Carpathian zimatha kupeza gwero la chiphuphu, mwamsanga zimasunthira kuchoka ku mzake, pomwe sizikhala mu dzombe. Komabe, ngati nyengo ili yovuta, njuchi siziuluka kuti zipeze chiphuphu.
Njuchi za Carpathian ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi zokolola za sera ku mitundu ya Italy ndi Russia. Mukamenyana ndi chisa muteteze bwino, pamene mukuwonekeratu kuba. Kukonzekera kwa mungu mu mtundu uwu ndi wotsika. Njuchi za Carpathiya sizikusiyana ndi sera ya sera, kotero muyenera kumvetsera kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Chiyukireniya steppe
Chiyukireniya mtundu wa njuchi umakhala m'madera a nkhalango-steppe woyendera nthambi ya Ukraine. Thupi la njuchi ndi lofiira mtundu, kutalika kwa proboscis kufika mpaka 6.63 mm. Kuchuluka kwa chiberekero chosabereka ndi pafupifupi 180 mg, ndipo kamwana kameneka ndi 200 mg. Chiberekero cha chiberekero chimafikira mazira 2300 patsiku, pamene chikhoza kuwonjezeka mpaka uchi wambiri kuchokera ku laimu, mthethe. 
Nthawi ya kasupe, mabanja amakula pang'onopang'ono chifukwa sauluka mu nyengo yozizira. Poyang'ana kuchokera ku njuchi zachisa zimakhala bwino, koma sizili mwamtendere ngati zakuda zaku Caucasus. Chisa chokhalira pakati, nyengo yokolola uchi.
Chisindikizo cha uchi ndi choyera komanso chouma. Mu nyengo yovuta, njuchi siziuluka ndi timadzi tokoma. Nthawi ikafika kukolola kwa uchi, njuchi zimaphunzira mpendadzuwa, zomwe zimakula mu Ukraine. Mwa kusonkhanitsa timadzi tokoma, njuchi za ku Ukraine zimauluka kuchokera ku njuchi kwa 5 km.
Mtundu uwu ndi wautali wamba. Njuchi sizimakonda kuba, koma zikaukira, zimatha kuteteza chisa chawo bwinobwino. Kukolola kwawo kwa mungu ndi kochepa. Kukolola kwa njuchi za ku Ukraine ndi zabwino kwambiri, mpaka 40 makilogalamu. Opeza alimi amatha kufotokozera uchi wolemera makilogalamu 120. Kukaniza kwa chisanu ndipamwamba kwambiri. Kuyenda bwino kumalekerera.
Chiitaliya
Dziko lakwawo la Italy ndi njuchi zamakono. Mitundu yonse ya njuchi imakhala yofunidwa, koma mtundu uwu ndiwo wamba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pali mitundu yambiri ya njuchi za ku Italy: imvi, zidutswa zitatu ndi golidi. Imeneyi ndi njuchi zazikulu kwambiri, kulemera kwa antchito kumafikira 115 mg, ndi proboscis mpaka 6.7 mm. Mayi wosabereka ndi 190 mg, ndipo mwanayo ndi 210 mg. Chiberekero cha chiberekero chimatha kufika pa mazira 2500 patsiku, mochuluka kwambiri kumera pa zisa. 
Poyang'ana chisa cha njuchi ndipuma. Nkosavuta kuti njuchi zipeze gwero la tizilombo pafupi ndi chisa, choncho nthawi zambiri amatha kuba ndi mabanja oyandikana nawo, ndipo amateteza zisa zawo bwino. Mtundu uwu uli ndi zokolola zabwino, ukhoza kusuntha kuchoka ku gwero lina kupita ku chiphuphu.
Kukula kumayamba kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, zomwe zimawapatsa mwayi wopanga mabanja awo. Choyamba, njuchi zimasonkhanitsa uchi m'mwamba ndi zipolopolo, ndipo zikadzaza, kusonkhanitsa kumasamutsira chisa.
Uchi wotsekemera ndi wothira, woyera kapena imvi. Mu nyengo yosavuta kuti tizilombo tisawuluke. Amamanga zisa zabwino, ngakhale zabwino kwambiri za uchi. Osatuta zokolola ndi mungu. Njuchi za ku Italy zimabala zipatso.
Ndikofunikira! Popeza njuchi zimatsogoleredwa ndi mtundu, osati malo, zimatha kuyenda muming'oma yoyandikana nayo.Njuchi za mtundu uwu ndi thermophilic ndipo kotero zosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Maulendo amalekerera bwino.
Karnik, kapena Krainskaya
Njuchi za Karnik kapena Krajina zimakhala ku Austria ndi ku Yugoslavia. Thupi la njuchi ndi lofiira kwambiri, mtundu wa proboscis umatha kufika pa 6.8 mm, ndi kulemera kwa njuchi yomwe ikugwira ntchito ndi 110 mg. Chiberekero chosabala chikulemera 185 mg, ndipo fetal - 205 mg. Chiberekero cha chiberekero chimakafika mazira 200 pa tsiku. 
Mbali yodziwika ndi mtendere wa karnikas, koma poyang'ana zisa, zimakhala mosasinthasintha ndipo nthawi zonse zimayenda. Njuchi za krainsky zimakhala zochepa kwambiri; ngati palibe ziphuphu, zimakula. Kukula kwa mabanja mu njuchi kumatha kudziwika bwino: Banja limakula mofulumira, kotero muyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yokweza chisa ndi kuyamba kusonkhanitsa uchi. Mukamasonkhanitsa uchi, choyamba, amadzaza chisa thupi, ndipo kenako ndizowonjezera ndi matupi apamwamba.
Nyengo yojambulira imanyowa, kuchokera ku mdima kupita ku zoyera. Mu nyengo yovuta kuti chiphuphu sichichotsedwa. Nkhono Krajina imasankha ofooka, koma nthawi yayitali yosonkhanitsa uchi, makamaka ngati ikusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku dontho. Malingana ndi kukana kwa chisanu, ali pakati pa njuchi za ku Central Russia ndi Caucasus.
Buckfast
Njuchi zobwezeretsedwa ndizozidziwika kwambiri ndi kuzidziwika padziko lonse lapansi, khalidwe lawo ndi limodzi labwino kwambiri. Amagwira ntchito mwakhama osati zoipa konse. Njuchi zikhoza kumera mulimonse, koma koposa zonse zimakonda mvula. Poyamba, ankagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi nkhupakupa zomwe zinaopsezedwa ndi njuchi. Njuchi zonse zimatha kufa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. 
Mukudziwa? Mtundu uwu unabweretsa monki wa Britain. Pofuna kupeza mtundu watsopanowo, adadutsa njuchi zakuda ndi zaku Italiya, ndipo chifukwa chake, kunabwera mtundu wotsutsa, wolimba kwambiri.
Kutetezedwa kunachotsedwa ku mtundu wa Italy, kotero iwo ali ndi zofanana zambiri. Kusiyana kokha kuli mumdima wakuda, ndipo kukula kwake ndi kutalika kwake ndi zofanana. Njuchi zosakaniza zimapirira osauka chisanu, koma bwino zimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda. Khalani ndi mtendere wamtendere, okonda mtendere, musamenyane ndi njuchi zina.
Odziwika ndi zokolola zambiri popanga uchi, amabweretsa mungu wambiri, kugwira ntchito tsiku lonse. Chiberekero chimodzi chikhoza kuyika mazira kwa nthawi yaitali. Osakhala ndi mantha ndi mphepo, mvula, fumbi. Mitunduyi imakhala yosasunthika ngakhale m'dzinja, kutentha kwa +10 ° C, imasonkhanitsa mungu ndi timadzi tokoma. Mu zisala pang'ono phula, mosiyana ndi Italy mtundu.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu ya njuchi yamabotolo ikhoza kuphatikizana ndi mitundu ina.Mukhoza kuyendera chisa nthawi iliyonse. Poyang'ana chisa cha njuchi kumasulidwa kumtunda kwa chimango. Mosiyana ndi njuchi za ku Italy, mtundu wa Bakfast mu January ulibe chisa, kuyembekezera nyengo yofunda.
