Horseradish yakhala yofunika kwambiri pakukonzekera chakudya chakumudzi. Ndipo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zakudya zopanda pake. Ichi ndi chomera chodzichepetsa, koma kulima kwake kuli ndi mbali zina. Chogulitsa ichi chikufunidwa kuchokera kwa ogula. Choncho, ku Russia ndi kotheka kupanga bizinesi yakukula horseradish. Pambuyo powerenga nkhaniyi, mudzaphunzira za ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zamasamba zowonjezera bizinesi, phindu la ntchito yotereyi, ndalama zofunikira komanso zopindulitsa, komanso kubzala, kulera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa bizinesi iyi
Ganizirani ubwino ndi kuipa kwa kukula muzu wa zamalonda.
Ubwino:
- kubwereza mwamsanga pa zachuma;
- kuchuluka kwa ndalama zoyamba;
- kuchepa kwachangu;
- kulima kulima;
- Kukhalapo kwa "malo osungira" m'derali pamsika waulimi.
Kuipa:
- Kukhalapo kwazomwe sikofunika kwambiri kwa mankhwalawa, ngakhale kuti kuli wotchuka ndi anthu;
- pa nthawi yoyamba ndi zovuta kupeza wodalirika wogulitsa zakuthupi;
- kufunika kwa kulima nthaka ndi umuna;
- Ngati palibe wogulitsa ambiri, pangakhale mavuto ndi malonda.
Phindu la ntchito yotereyi
Muzu wokolola kuchokera 1 ha
Pa 1 km2, mitengo ya 4-6 0000 imalimidwa, yomwe nthawi yokolola imalola kupeza makilogalamu 20,000 a rhizomes opangidwa.
Thandizo! Pa zothandizira mbewu, 60% ali ndi khalidwe la malonda (chakudya ndi mankhwala), otsala 40% amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kubzala.
Mawerengedwe
Poyamba ndalama
Pa malo okonzeratu dothi m'dera la 1 hakitala muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito rubles 30,000. Izi zikuphatikizapo kulima, kuvuta, ndikukonzekera nthaka mwachindunji kubzala. Kusaka kwa feteleza mchere kumalo a hekita 1 kudzakhala 16,000 rubles. Kulima ndi kukolola kwina kudzadula rubles 45,000.
6 Rhizomes of horseradish (0.5 makilogalamu) amabzalidwa pa 1 m2. Malo onsewa adzafuna 0,5 kg × 10,000 = 5000 makilogalamu. Mtengo wa tani imodzi ya zokolola zazikulu mu 2018 pafupifupi 18,000 rubles. Pofuna kubzala pa hekita 1 muyenera kugula mbewu pamtundu wa 90,000 rubles.
Phindu
Adalandira makilogalamu 20,000 a horseradish kuchokera ku hekita 1 akhoza kuwonetsedwa kwa rubles 360,000. Ndalama zopanda malipiro zidzakhala pafupifupi 200,000 rubles pa hekita imodzi.
M'chaka chotsatira mutatha kukolola koyamba, simudzasowa kupeza zokolola - mudzapatsidwa nokha.
Kupindula
Mtundu uwu wa bizinesi ndi wopindulitsa ndipo umalipira chaka choyamba. Pafupifupi Phindu lidzakhala pafupifupi 70%.
Kodi ndi zopindulitsa?
Kukulitsa horseradish yogulitsidwa ndi bizinesi yopindulitsa yomwe idzakuthandizani kubwezeretsanso ndalamazo mutatha kukolola. Kugulitsa n'kotheka kwa ogula malonda, ndi pa malonda. Kugulitsa kwa ogulitsa ndibwino, chifukwa izi zidzachepetsa ndalama zoyendetsa galimoto ndikufulumizitsa njira yogulitsa katundu.
Kukula ndondomeko ya bizinesi
Kusanthula kwa msika
Ku Russia, mankhwala omwe ali ndi horseradish ndi otchuka, koma palibe olamulira akuluakulu am'dera lino. Chifukwa chake, kampani yanu ikhoza kukhala ndi ufulu wotsalira popanda kuthana ndi mpikisano waukulu. Ambiri opanga mahatchi ndi anthu - amalonda.
Chiwerengero cha ndalama
Chiwerengero cha ndalama zingakhalepo:
- mtengo wochitira lendi kapena kugula nthaka;
- malipiro kwa ogwira ntchito;
- ndalama;
- mtengo wogula kapena kubwereka zipangizo zaulimi;
- kugula tizilombo ndi fungicides.
Chenjerani! M'madera osiyanasiyana a Russian Federation, mitengo ya magulu amenewa ndi yosiyana kwambiri, choncho m'deralo lirilonse ndalama zingakhale zosiyana kwambiri.
Kusankha kachitidwe ka msonkho
Ndondomeko ya msonkho imadalira mtundu wa ntchito:
Famu yafamu - potsatira msonkho umodzi waulimi (UAT).- Wodzipereka malonda - yowonjezera misonkho yothetsera msonkho (USN).
Famu yafamu - potsatira msonkho umodzi waulimi (UAT).Misonkho ya msonkho ndi yofanana kwa mitundu yonse ya kulembetsa.
Ltd. ikhoza kukhomedwa msonkho:
- kachitidwe ka msonkho kaŵirikaŵiri (DOS);
- zosavuta (USN);
- msonkho umodzi wokha pa ndalama zopanda malipiro (UTII).
Kulembetsa
Polembetsa, gwiritsani ntchito mfundo za OKVED zolembapo 0112840. Mukamalembetsa malonda, choyamba ndizofunika kuzilembera molingana ndi lamulo. Izi zidzapewa kuphwanya malamulo omwe alipo.
Ndondomeko ya kulembedwa kwa IP:
- Kusonkhanitsa malemba:
- Kulembera kwa boma payekha ngati wochita malonda (Fomu Nambala P21001);
- chikwangwani cha pasipoti;
- kulandira malipiro a boma ntchito.
- Kulembetsa boma kwa munthu payekha monga amalonda amachitika ku boma la msonkho pamalo ake okhala, ndiko kuti, pa malo olembetsa osonyezedwa pasipoti. Ngati palibe malo olembetsera pasipoti, ndiye kuti kulembetsa kwa mabizinesiyo kungapangidwe muulamuliro wa msonkho pamalo omwe akukhalamo.
- Kutumiza zikalata ku ofesi ya msonkho. Iwo akhoza kusamutsidwa mwa munthu kapena kutali.
- Mwachindunji ku kuyendera - mwayekha kapena pulojekiti.
- N'zotheka kutulutsa zikalata m'zipatala zambiri - mwa munthu kapena kudzera mwa woyimilira.
- Kulandila kwa zikalata mu ulamuliro wa msonkho.
- Kulandila ndi munthu wa zikalata pa zolembera za boma.
- Ngati zolemba zonse zilipo, atatha antchito atatu, pepala lolemba la EGRIP laperekedwa kwa wopempha.
Maofesi angapezeke mwachindunji kapena kupyolera mwa woimira mphamvu yodziwika.
Ngati mukufuna kukula muzitsamba zazikulu zamakampani, ndiye LLC idzakhala njira yabwino yokonzekera. Kampani yowonjezera ngongole ndi kampani yamalonda yomwe imakhazikitsidwa ndi bungwe limodzi kapena mabungwe angapo alamulo ndi / kapena anthu omwe, omwe likulu lawo lapatsidwa ligawidwe.
Anthu a kampaniyi sali ndi udindo pazinthu zawo ndipo amakhala ndi chiopsezo chotayika.yogwirizana ndi ntchito za kampaniyo, phindu la magawo kapena magawo omwe ali mu likulu lovomerezeka la kampaniyo.
Kwa amalonda omwe alibe ndalama zochuluka zoyambirira, mawonekedwe ovomerezeka kwambiri omwe angapangidwe kuti akhale osungirako adzakhala famu yaulimi (KFH) - mpaka 1 ha malo. Fomu yabwino ndi - munthu wodziwa malonda (PI).
Zosiyanasiyana: ndi ndani amene angasankhe ndi chifukwa chiyani?
Pakali pano, mitundu yowonjezereka ndiyo:
- atlas;
- Valkovsky;
- ndi tolpukhovsky.
Zili zoyenera kwambiri kulima mafakitale, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kuti zikhale zovuta, zimalimbana ndi chilala. Komanso, mitundu iyi imagonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.
Atlant
Ali ndi mizu yoyera yokhala ndi imvi, yomwe ili ndi zingapo za hillocks ndi miyendo yaing'ono yamphwayi. Milky white rhizome. Muzu wa makumi awiri mphambu makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Dera la rhizome ndi masentimita asanu. Izi zosiyana ndi pakatikati pa nyengo.
Nthawi ya zomera kuchokera kubzala mpaka kufa kwa masamba ndi pafupi masiku 130. Iyo imamasula mu chaka chachiwiri mutabzala. Mitundu imeneyi imagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, kutentha ndi chilala. Zomalizidwa bwino zimasungidwa bwino. Kulemera kwa muzu umodzi ndi 150 magalamu. Lili ndi fungo lokoma ndi kukoma.
Valkovsky
Ndikumapeto kwa nyengo yochedwa. Kutalika kwa muzu kufika pa masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Muzu wa mawonekedwe ozungulira, uli ndi chikasu chachikasu. Nthawi ya zomera kuchokera kubzala mpaka imfa ya masamba imakhala pafupifupi masiku 130. Unyinji wa mizu imodzi imadzera mpaka 150 magalamu.
Tolpukhovsky
Mitundu yakucha. Unyinji wa muzu ukufika mpaka 250 magalamu. Nthawi ya zomera kuchokera kubzala mpaka kuthetsa kwathunthu kwa masamba mpaka masiku 155.
Kufotokozera za maulendo
- Loamy ndi chernozem dothi ndizoyenera kulera horseradish. Pa dothi lochepa, ilo limakhala ndi kusowa kwa chinyezi ndipo limataya kukoma kwake kwakukulu.
- Pofuna kulima chomera ichi, nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi acidity pH 6.0 - 6.5.
- Nthaka isanayambe kubzala horseradish iyenera kulima kapena kukumba, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito. M'minda yaing'ono, pokhapokha ngati palibe harrows, amagwiritsiridwa ntchito rakes.
Pofuna kulima mbeuyi muyenera kugula katundu kapena kubwereketsa munda.
Katswiri wamakono
Ogwira ntchito ndi zipangizo zofunika
Bungwe lalikulu laulimi lidzafuna:
- thirakitala ndi pulawo, harrows, alimi;
- njira zothirira.
Kwa minda yaing'ono:
- fosholo;
- sala;
- chopper;
- kuthirira zipangizo.
Chenjerani! Musanayambe ntchitoyi muyenera kuyika zipangizo zanu zonse ndikuyang'ana kupezeka.
Tikufika
Musanadzalemo, ndi zofunika kuwonjezera organic (humus) kapena mchere feteleza pansi. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito fetereza feteleza, yomwe imaphatikizapo phosphate, potashi ndi feteleza feteleza, mofanana ndi kukula kwa mbeu.- Pakuti chodzala, gwiritsani ntchito cuttings wa horseradish rhizomes mpaka 20 masentimita m'litali ndi sentimita imodzi yakuda.
- Kufika kumachitika molingana ndi chiwembu:
- mzere wa masentimita 70, mu mzere mtunda udzakhala 35-40 cm;
- Kudyetsa kumachitika poika kudula m'mapiri;
- Mutabzala, nthaka iyenera kukhala yaying'ono.
Musanadzalemo, ndi zofunika kuwonjezera organic (humus) kapena mchere feteleza pansi. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito fetereza feteleza, yomwe imaphatikizapo phosphate, potashi ndi feteleza feteleza, mofanana ndi kukula kwa mbeu.Nthawi yobwera ndi April. Ndibwino kuti nthaka ikhale yothira.
Horseradish sakonda shading ndipo amafunikira dzuwa.
Tikukuwonetsani kuti muwonere kanema yokhudzana ndi kukwera kwa horseradish:
Chisamaliro
- Chikhalidwe chimenechi sichikulimbana ndi chilala, koma nkofunika kuthirira nthawi youma.
- Tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti namsongole usabise mthunzi ndipo musatseke zomera, tikufunika kusambala mabedi.
- Ndibwino kuti muthe kuchotsa maluwa. Pofuna kupeŵa kutulutsa zomera.
- Mu July, muyenera kuchotsa mizu ya mbali, pokumba pamwamba pa zomera. Mizu imachotsedwa pamtunda wa masentimita 25 kuchokera muzu. Ndikofunika kuti kulima mizu yambiri ndi yayikulu. Pambuyo pa njirayi, muzuwo umabidwanso m'manda ndi nthaka ndi kuthirira.
- Pakuti horseradish mokwanira kugwira kasupe preplant nthaka feteleza.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Nkhumba zazikulu za mbewu zakuda:
- phula;
- kabichi moth;
- kabichi bug.
Matenda Aakulu:
- ascohitoz horseradish;
- zovunda zoyera;
- zowona;
- downy mildew.
Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzifufuza zachikhalidwe ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mukudwala matenda. Kenaka zomera zimatengedwa ndi fungicides ndi tizilombo. Ngati matendawa amapezeka panthawi yomwe amamenyana mwamsanga, ndiye kuti zikhalidwe zidzasungidwa popanda kuwonongeka kwa zomera.
Kukolola
Kukolola kwa horseradish rhizomes ikuchitika kumapeto kwa October - oyambirira November, isanayambe chisanu.
- Choyamba muyenera kudula masamba, ndiyeno fosholo ikumba mizu.
- Kutulutsa mizu mwamsanga kumataya kukomoka ndi kuwonetsera. Choncho, nthawi yomweyo amafunika kusamukira kumalo osungirako kutentha, kumene amasungidwa mabokosi.
- M'mbuyomu amafunika kuchotsedwa kuchoka mu nthaka ndikukonzedwa ndi ntchito: katundu ndi kubzala rhizomes.
Sungani masamba a masamba obiriwira, pokonzekera marinade mu zakudya zamzitini. Izi ziyenera kuchitika musanayambe kusamba kwa masamba (mu August-September).
Kugulitsa kwa katundu
Mau ogulitsa m'mabungwe akuluakulu amalonda:
- malonda;
- masitolo;
- makhwala;
- komanso m'mitengo yopangira zakudya zamzitini.
Mukhozanso kugulitsa katundu ku msika, kumene kumafunidwa ndi anthu, makamaka omwe amapanga katundu wamzitini wokometsera.
Kodi mavuto ndi zotheka kuthetsa mavutowa?
Pokonzekera bwino ndi kuyesayesa, ntchitoyi siyenera kuyambitsa mavuto aliwonse. Kukula mothamanga kungakhale ntchito yowonjezera komanso yaikulu, zomwe zidzabweretse phindu lamtengo wapatali.
Kukula mothamanga ndi ntchito yamtengo wapatali komanso yolipira yomwe ingayambike ngakhale kumbuyo kwako. Ngati muli ndi malo akuluakulu, ingakhale bizinesi yanu yaikulu, kapena idzatsegula njira yopanga makampani osiyanasiyana azaulimi.
