Chifukwa akalulu amakula bwino ndipo salemera

Pakubereka ziweto, funso la kukula kwawo sali malo otsiriza pa mndandanda wa zovuta, chifukwa zizindikiro zobala zipatso zimadalira izi. Pazifukwa zonse, pali zifukwa zina zomwe anthu osauka akukhalira ndi zinyama, koma ngati akalulu akudera nkhawa, choyamba, muyenera kumvetsera zinthu zingapo zazikulu. Ndi zifukwa ziti ndi momwe mungathetsere vuto - werengani.

Zamkatimu:

• Chifukwa cha matenda
• Kusadya zakudya m'thupi
• Mavuto oipa
• Mating ofanana (inbreeding)
• Zakale zam'mimba
• Chisamaliro ndi katemera

Chifukwa akalulu amakula bwino

Akalulu ambiri amatha kutchedwa "kucha msanga", chifukwa akalulu aang'ono amakula ndikukula mofulumira, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala okonzeka kupereka miyezi inayi. Komabe, izi n'zotheka kokha ndi kulemera kwa thupi, ndipo nthawizina sizowoneka bwino. Zina mwa zifukwa zazikulu zowonjezera pang'onopang'ono ndi chitukuko cha zozizwitsa zabwinozi ndizo kukhalapo kwa matenda, chakudya cholakwika, malo osowa pokhala ndi achibale (makamaka oyandikana nawo). Taganizirani izi mwachindunji.

Chifukwa cha matenda

Zina mwa matenda omwe akalulu akalulu amapezeka, pali matenda awiri okha omwe amasiyana kwambiri ndi kukula kwa chinyama: matumbo a coccidiosis ndi helminthic.

Matenda a m'mimba - Matenda a chilengedwe chopweteka omwe amachititsidwa ndi majeremusi a mtundu wa coccidia (akalulu amakhala ndi mitundu khumi yokha yomwe ingakhudze matumbo okha, komanso chiwindi cha nyama).

Tikupempha kuti tiphunzire zizindikiro za coccidiosis mu akalulu ndi njira zothandizira.

Zizindikiro zikuluzikulu za matendawa ndi kutsekula m'mimba ndi kudzimbidwa, kumangirizidwa ndi kuphulika. Anthu odwala amalephera kulemera, thupi limachepa, tsitsi limakhala losalala, ndipo pamakhala mawonekedwe oopsa, kusokonezeka kwa magalimoto komanso zopunduka m'miyendo. Kawirikawiri, nthawi ya matendawa ndi masiku 10-15, omwe amadziwika ndi zizindikiro. Komabe, mu chiwindi cha coccidiosis (kawirikawiri chimakwaniritsa matumbo), zizindikiro zonse zimapitirirabe, ngakhale masiku 50. Ngati nthawi isayambe mankhwala, ndiye kuti imfa ya chinyama ikusakanizika.

Mukudziwa? Kalulu ali ndi chiberekero cholimba, choncho panthawi yomweyo akhoza kuvala ana awiri akalulu omwe amamangidwa ndi amuna osiyana nthawi zosiyanasiyana.

Kufufuza molondola kungapangidwe pokhapokha pa chidziwitso chochokera kwa anamnesis, chophatikizidwa ndi zotsatira za maphunziro a labotale, pambuyo pake kawirikawiri amapatsidwa chithandizo. Pakati pa mankhwala omwe amadziwika kwambiri pakamwa m'matumbo a akalulu ndi awa:

1. Baycox - zowonjezera, zimapangidwa ndi madzi ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira nyama zodwala. Zimatengedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera matendawa.
2. "Sulfadimetoksin" - mapiritsi, omwe akulimbikitsidwa kuti awaphwanyidwe kukhala dziko lopaka asanagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mu mawonekedwe awa, mankhwalawa akuwonjezeredwa ku chakudya cha akalulu, kutsatira ndondomeko yotsatirayi: tsiku loyamba, 0,2 g pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa moyo, ndipo pa masiku anayi otsatira, 0,1 g pa 1 kg wolemera. Pambuyo masiku 5-7, bwerezani maphunzirowo.
3. "Furazolidone" - Mankhwala enaake, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawonekedwe apansi. Njira ya mankhwala ndi sabata imodzi, pamene 30 mg ya mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa akalulu. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mankhwalawa sikudzawononga coccidiosis tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma kudzathandiza thupi kuthana ndi matenda.
4. "Ftalazol" + "Norsulfazol" - Mukhoza kupereka nyama kwa masiku asanu pa 0.1-0.3 g pa 1 makilogalamu a kulemera kwa moyo, ndipo patatha sabata yopuma, bwerezani maphunzirowo.
   

Kutupa kwa mphutsi. Kukhalapo kwa mazira a helminth mu thupi ndi chifukwa china chofala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuchepa kwa nyama.

M'kati mwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala ndi chakudya kapena udzu ndipo timatha kugwira ntchito yawo kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo ngati pali zinthu zabwino zothandizira chitukuko, zimathamanga kukhala mphutsi, zomwe zimapitiriza kuchuluka, zimasiya mphutsi zatsopano.

Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo pa zizindikiro zonse za coccidiosis, anthu obwezeretsedwa amatsalirabe matendawa kwa mwezi wathunthu, choncho ndi bwino kuwasuntha nthawi yomweyo ku malo oikaokha.

Chifukwa cha zakudya zawo, mphutsi sizigwiritsa ntchito kokha zinthu zomwe zimabwera ndi chakudya, komanso maselo a nyama, chifukwa chake amadya chakudya chochuluka, koma amakhala ochepa monga momwe aliri ndi tsitsi lofewa komanso maonekedwe osadziwika. Ngati zokayikitsa za mlimi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zotsatira za zofunikira zowonongeka, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti mwamsanga muzitha kudwala. Pazinthu izi, mankhwala monga Albendazole ndi Gamavit amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizana. Ndondomeko yamakonoyi ikuwoneka ngati iyi:

1. Pa tsiku loyamba, "Gamavit" imayesedwa ndi subcutaneous injection (kwa achinyamata, 0.5-1 ml pamutu, akuluakulu - 1.5-2 ml).
2. Pa tsiku lachiwiri, jekeseniyo imabwerezedwa muyezo womwewo.
3. Pa tsiku lachitatu, "Albendazole" yawonjezeredwa ku "Gamavit" mu chiwerengero cha 0,75 ml ya kuyimitsidwa pa 1 makilogalamu a kulemera kwa moyo. Kuwerengera kwa mankhwala ayenera kuchitidwa mosiyana kwa kalulu aliyense, ndipo mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku uyenera kugawanika kawiri.
4. Pa tsiku la 4-5, muyenera kubwereza, monga tsiku lachitatu, ndipo masiku atatu otsatirawa agwiritsire ntchito "Gamavit" yokha monga mawonekedwe a jekeseni.

Kusadya zakudya m'thupi

Chakudya chabwino cha akalulu - chinthu choyamba muyenera kumvetsera kwa wobereketsa. Kukhalapo kwa chakudya chamagulu ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa zakudya m'chaka ndi chisanu kuyenera kuteteza vuto la kulemera, ndithudi, popanda zifukwa zina za chodabwitsa ichi. Ziwalo zovomerezeka za zakudya zazinyama zanu ziyenera kukhala:

• udzu wobiriwira m'chilimwe (ndi bwino kupereka nyemba, clover, vetch, sweet lupine, nettle, dandelions, plantain, burdock, tansy) kapena udzu watsopano m'nyengo yozizira;
• mizu masamba (makamaka karoti);
• kuchotsa: udzu, nthambi za mitengo (conifers ndi leafy);
• Mitundu yambiri ya zakudya kuphatikizapo keke, tirigu wa chimanga, oats, bran, komanso zosakaniza zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa ziweto zina (osati mbalame zokha);
• zonyansa: chakudya cha pasta, mkate wouma, zopukuta za maphunziro oyambirira ndi achiwiri, koma mwatsopano;
• nsonga za masamba (kaloti, beets, turnips, mbatata), masamba a kabichi.

Komanso, sitiyenera kuiwala za zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zili m'gululi, monga mineral ndi vitamini supplement, zomwe zimabweretsa thupi la zinyama. Choyamba, fupa la fupa, choko ndi mchere zimakhala zothandiza pankhaniyi.

Vomerezani kuti akalulu ayenera kulandira chakudya chopatsa thanzi kwambiri. Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge nthawi komanso momwe mungadyetse nyama zowirira panyumba, ndikuganiziranso zizolowezi zakudya za akalulu m'nyengo yozizira.

Monga momwe mungathere, mkaka wochuluka, mafuta a nsomba, batala ndi whey ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zidzakhala zoyenera kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira, pamene ziweto zonse zilibe mavitamini. Kudyetsa akalulu ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa chakudya kungapangitse kuti phindu likhale lochepa komanso kukula kochepa.

Video: momwe mungadyetse akalulu kuti akule msanga

Mavuto oipa

Poganizira zowonjezereka za kukula kochepa kwa ma ward awo, musaiwale kumvetsera zomwe iwo ali m'ndende. M'malo osungirako, ukhondo ndi zouma ziyenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse, ndipo nyama zinyama ziyenera kusungidwa pamtanda (16x24 mm mesh).

Malingana ndi kukula kwa khola, ndiye kuti zonse zimadalira mtundu wa nyama, koma mulimonsemo ayenera kukhala ndi malo okwanira kusuntha kwaulere (pafupifupi magawo a malo amenewa ndi 150x70x70 cm). Kuphatikiza apo, ziweto zanu ziyenera kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza madzi oyera, udzu ndi zakudya zosakaniza, koma ndibwino kuti zisamawononge madzi kapena kudyetsa chakudya, omwe amamwa mowa komanso opatsa. Muzitsulo zazing'onoting'ono, zauve, akalulu samamva bwino, nthawi zambiri amadwala ndipo amatha kufa, osatchulapo kuchepa kwa zizindikiro zowonjezera.

Mukudziwa? Kalulu wolemera makilogalamu awiri amatha kumwa madzi ochulukirapo monga zakumwa za galu khumi.

Mating ofanana (inbreeding)

Inbreeding ndi vuto lina la kuchepa kwasered. Pamene achibale omwe ali pafupi (makolo ndi ana kapena abale ndi alongo), maselo ofanana akuphatikizana, zomwe zimapangitsa mwana wosabadwa. Pambuyo kubadwa, zinyama zotere zimakula pang'onopang'ono, zimadwala nthawi zambiri ndipo zimabweretsa ana ochepa. Nthawi zina, kubereka ndikumakhala chifukwa chachikulu cha kubadwa kwa akalulu oyipa kapena obadwa kumene.

Zotsatira za kukwatirana koyandikana kwambiri siziwoneka kokha koyamba, komanso m "mimba yotsatira, choncho abambo odziwa ntchito nthawi zonse amawamasulira amunawo m'minda yawo kapena amangosintha zitseko zawo (ngati tikukamba za kukula kwa ziweto).

Alenje a kalulu ayenera kupeza mitundu yomwe angasankhe popita akalulu.

Amuna omwe amawongolera achinyamata, omwe amawatumiza ku gulu lalikulu, amawongolera ku madera ena, ndipo amuna amatha zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zokha kubwerera kumene makolo awo anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Choncho, kugwirizana pakati pa anthu ndi kotheka kokha m'badwo wa 6 mpaka 7, ndipo pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kuchepetsa zotsatira zolakwika za kubereka, ndibwino kuti tikulitse achibale m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Matenda a akalulu oyenerana kwambiri amatha kukhala ovomerezeka okha, mwa kubala mzere wozungulira, ndi chiwerengero chokwanira cha abambo. Pogwiritsira ntchito mwaluso kugwirizana, asayansi, ndithudi, amatha kuyanjanitsa ndi kulekanitsa zofunikira za genotypic, koma pazochitika zina zosayesa zimenezi sizingaganizidwe kukhala zoyenera.

Mukudziwa? Pafupipafupi, kalulu wamkazi amadyetsa ana ake pafupifupi mphindi zisanu patsiku, koma chifukwa cha mkaka wambiri, nthawi ino ndi yokwanira kwa ana.

Zakale zam'mimba

Zizolowezi zamtundu wa nyama nthawizonse zimasiya chizindikiro pa mawonekedwe ake, popeza ziyenera kutsatizana ndi zovomerezeka za mtunduwo. Akalulu okongoletsera kapena akalulu amakula mwamsanga kwa miyezi itatu okha, ndipo pakadutsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kukula kwawo kumakhala kwanthawi zonse. Mfundo zomaliza zingatheke pakatha miyezi isanu ndi itatu, ndipo nthawi yotsatira nyamayo isasinthe. Inde, ngati wofalitsayo samvetsa bwino mtunduwu, ndiye kuti akhoza kugulitsidwa "mwana wamphongo" m'malo mwa woimira nyama, kotero kukula kochepa kudzakhala koyenera ngakhale kudya zakudya zowonjezera.

Mudzakhala othandiza kuganizira makhalidwe a nkhumba pygmy rabbit komanso makamaka zomwe zili pakhomo.

Chisamaliro ndi katemera

Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kulemera kumathandizira kutsata malamulo oyang'anira akalulu komanso katemera wathanzi pa nthawi yake. Choyamba ndi chimodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri pakubereka nyama izi panyumba zimaganiziridwa kuti ndizoyeretsa nthawi zonse komanso kusuta mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Kumalo kumene akalulu ang'onoang'ono amasungidwa, mbale zimatsukidwa kangapo patsiku, pogwiritsa ntchito soda kapena njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kusintha kwa zinyalala (mwachitsanzo, udzu kapena udzu) umachitidwa kamodzi pa sabata, ndipo kuperewera kwa maselo kumachitika kamodzi pa mwezi. Zoonadi, pa nthawi yonse yoyeretsa, zinyama zimasamutsidwa kuzipinda zosiyana, ndipo kupatulapo ndi akalulu okha.

Pamodzi ndi mbale tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsanso ntchito mankhwalawa, chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingathe kukhalabe pamtunda.

Pankhani ya katemera, pali njira zambiri zochizira zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito katemera ku mavuto ena - makamaka kalulu wodwala matenda a mphutsi (UHD) ndi myxomatosis. Ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito katemera wothandizira, womwe umaphatikizapo zigawo zikuluzikulu zoteteza ku matenda onsewo. Ndondomeko ya katemera wa VGBK ikuwoneka motere:

• Katemera woyamba - ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi (ndilemera kwa nyama yosachepera 0,5 makilogalamu);
• Katemera wachiwiri - patatha miyezi itatu yoyamba.

M'tsogolomu, kuti pitirizani kukhazikika bwino, kugwiritsanso ntchito katemerakuyenera kuchitika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo ngati akalulu amayenda nthawi zambiri, pambuyo pa miyezi isanu.

Lero katemera woteteza kwambiri wa akalulu ndi Rabbiwak V.

Katemera wa myxomatosis umaphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

• Katemera woyamba - ali ndi zaka zosachepera 4 (makamaka m'chaka);
• Katemera wachiwiri - mwezi pambuyo pa woyamba;
• Katemera wachitatu - miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pa katemera woyamba.

Pogwiritsa ntchito katemera wonse katatu, kubwezeretsedwa kumachitika kawiri pa chaka: mu kasupe ndi m'dzinja, m'moyo wonse wa kalulu.

Ndikofunikira! Zotsatira zonsezi ndizovomerezeka, chifukwa ngati mutapanga katemera woyamba ndikuganiza kuti mubwerere ku katemera patangopita miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, iwo adzaonongeka, ndipo mudzagwiranso ntchito katemerawo.

Ngati mukukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito katemera onse (kuchokera ku UHDB ndi myxomatosis), ndiye kuti ndi bwino kutsatira ndondomeko yotsatirayi:

1. Katemera woyamba amachitika masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri (45) ali ndi katemera wa UHD (kapena myxomatosis).
2. Patapita milungu iwiri apereke katemera motsutsana ndi myxomatosis (kapena UHD, ngati nthawi yoyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa myxomatosis).
3. Patapita milungu iwiri, timakonza choyamba.
4. Ndiyeno (masiku 14) ndi zotsatira za katemera wachiwiri.
5. Pambuyo pa zochitika za miyezi 2-3, zotsatirazi zitha kukhazikitsidwa ndi katemera oyenera kapena katemera motsutsana ndi myxomatosis, kuphatikiza patatha masabata awiri ndi katemera wa UHD.
6. M'tsogolomu, katemera wa zinyama ukuchitidwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pogwiritsa ntchito katemera kapena monovaccines, zomwe zimakhala pakati pa masabata awiri.

Ngati zokhazo zokhudzana ndi chisamaliro, zakudya ndi katemera wa akalulu zimakwaniritsidwa, simungathe kuopa mavuto ndi chitukuko chawo.