Begonia elatior ndi mtundu wosyanasiyana wa duwali lopangidwa chifukwa cha mitundu ya tuber ndi Socotran. Zokhudza banja la Begonia. Malo ogawa - South America.
Zina begonia elatior
Imayimira maluwa ake ambiri komanso ataliatali. Mtengowo umatha kutulutsa mphukira zambiri, pamtundu uliwonse womwe umakhala ndi masamba 10, mithunzi - kuyambira yoyera mpaka yofiira.
Begonia elatior ilibe tuber, yomwe imachepetsa chisamaliro chake.
Mtengowo uli pakati pa zitsamba ndipo umatalika masentimita 30-45. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe apachiyambi, amakumbutsa mitima ya mitima yopanda ma halves, utoto wake ndiwowoneka bwino, m'mphepete mwa msewu womwe uli m'mphepete. Zimayambira ndimtundu, wamphamvu komanso wandiweyani.
Zosiyanasiyana za begonia elatior
M'nyumba, mitundu yotsalira ya begonia elatior imatulutsa:
| Gulu | Kufotokozera | Maluwa |
| Baladin | Imafika pamtunda wa 30 cm, koma ma peduncles amakhala ndi kutalika kosiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe ambiri. Mtengowo wapatsidwa dzina laulemu "maluwa pamphika" ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa tchuthi zosiyanasiyana. | Mtundu - ofiira kwambiri. Maluwa amawonedwa katatu pachaka. |
| Borias | Zosiyanasiyana ndizotseguka ku England ndipo zikuwoneka ngati maluwa apamwamba. Ma piligine amakhala osiyanasiyana. Masamba okongola. | Mtundu - pinki kapena korali. Masamba ndi okulirapo. |
| Chisomo | Kummwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia kumawerengedwa kuti ndiwo malo obadwira, kutalika kwa chitsamba mpaka 35 cm. | Zofiira, pachimake kawiri pachaka ndipo sizimatha miyezi ingapo. |
Amaonetsa kubzala begonia elatior ndikumusamalira
Mukamachoka kunyumba kukayimira woimira maluwa, muyenera kuyang'anira nyengo ya chaka:
| Choyimira | Chilimwe cha masika | Kugwa nthawi yachisanu |
| Malo / Kuwala | Mtengowo ndiwofera, koma sunalole kuwala mwachindunji (mwa mitundu ya terry, kuchuluka kwa ma petals kumachepa ndipo amatembenuka). Malo oyenera kuyikidwa ndi zenera lakumadzulo kapena kum'mawa. | Kuphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu ndi kuwala pang'ono, ndiye kuti kuzizira sikutanthauza kuwunikira kowonjezereka. |
| Kutentha | + 18 ... +20 ° С. M'malo otsika, duwa limaleka kukula ndikugwetsa masamba. | |
| Chinyezi | 60-70%. Kuti musunge zoyeserera, potoyo imayikidwa pa pallet yodzaza ndi peat, moss ndi dongo lonyowa. | 55-65 %. |
| Kuthirira | Pambuyo kuyanika dothi louma ndi theka. Osalola kusayenda kwamadzi mu poto. | Kamodzi pamwezi. |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Kamodzi pamilungu itatu iliyonse ndi feteleza wa mineral (pamene zofunikira za organic ziwonjezeredwa, maluwa amakhala ochulukirapo, ndipo utoto wake umatembenuka). | Siyani. |
Mutatha kuthana ndi mawonekedwe a chisamaliro chomera, muyenera kulabadira kubzala kwake koyenera ndikusintha.
Kubzala ndi kusinthitsa begonias
Mizu ya duwa ndi yaying'ono komanso yosakhwima, chifukwa chake imakhala yabwino m'matumba ang'onoang'ono. Nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa ndi kukhala yachonde, yokhoza kusunga chinyezi, komanso youma bwino. Mtengowo suyenera kulowezedwa pambuyo poti wagula, chifukwa suwoleza bwino. Koma ngati ndi kotheka, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lokhazikitsidwa pazinthu zotsatirazi poyerekeza 2: 2: 2: 1: 1:
- dothi la peaty;
- wowonjezera kutentha ndi tsamba humus;
- mchenga wowuma;
- mzati.
Pafupipafupi kufalikira kwa mbewu zazing'ono - 1 nthawi pachaka. Poto wokhala ndi mulifupi wa 4-5 masentimita kuposa womwe udalipo umafunika. Pamene begonia elatior atakwanitsa zaka 4, samadwalanso.
Mukamasamalira oimira achinyamata osiyanasiyana, ayenera kulipira chidwi pokhazikika. Kukhalabe wamphamvu komanso kuoneka bwino ndi duwa, ndikofunikira kudula kusefukira kwa nthawi ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito michere. Pambuyo pa mtundu wamtunduwu wavalidwe labwino, zimayambira zimakhala zowonekera komanso zoyipa.
Kuswana begonia elatior
Kubalana kumachitika ndi njira zitatu:
- ndi mbewu;
- kudula;
- kugawaniza kwa chitsamba.
Mbewu
Imadziwika ngati njira yovuta kwambiri yolima duwa. Koma ngati kusankhaku kudagwera mbewu, ndiye kuti akulimbikitsidwa kuti adzagule m malo ogulitsira, komwe amaperekedwa mumitundu iwiri:
- wamba - osagwirizana ndi kukonzedwa;
- granular (dragees) - ndikosavuta kugwira nawo.
Mosasamala kanthu za zomwe zasankhidwa, malangizo a kubzala ndi ofanana:
- Mbewu zimanyowa kwa theka la ola mu 1% yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.
- Kubzala katundu kumatsukidwa ndikumapita nawo mumphika wokhala ndi peat wothira.
- Zombo zimayikidwa pallet ndipo zimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena polyethylene kuchokera pamwamba; madzi amangowonjezeredwa pano.
- Onjezani kutentha mkati mwa + 20 ... +22 ° С.
- Kutengera ndi momwe zinthu ziliri, mphukira zoyambirira zimapanga masabata awiri ndi atatu.
- Pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa tsamba lokwanira lachitatu, kutola kumachitika, kumabwerezedwanso masabata 8 mutapangidwa mbande.
- Pambuyo maluwa obzalidwa osiyana ziwiya.
Kudula
Omwe alimi ambiri amakonda kudula, popeza njirayi ndi yothamanga kwambiri, yodalirika kwambiri ndipo imapangitsa kusunga mawonekedwe amtunduwo.
Ndi njira yofananira yobereka, mphukira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutalika kwa 8-12 cm. Zonsezi ndizopika (kuchokera kumapeto kwa tsinde la chomera) ndi sing'anga. Chachikulu ndikuti impso ziwiri zitatu zilipo.
Masamba ochulukirapo amachotsedwa, mulimonse, adzadyetsedwa ndi mphukira. Kenako magawo amawuma pang'ono.
Zomwe zimayambira mu njira zimachitika ndi njira ziwiri:
- m'malo achinyezi;
- pansi.
Poyambirira, pansi pa zodula zodulidwa zimayikidwa m'madzi ofewa ndi kutentha kwa + 20 ... +21 ° C. Ikani zovuta ndi kuzizira koletsedwa. Kenako, chotengera chija chimayikidwa m'chipinda chowala ndi kutentha kosiyanasiyana + 18 ... +20 ° С. Kukula kwake kuyenera kukhala kowonekera, kenako munthawi yake kungathe kuzindikira kuti kudula kwazinthu kumachitika. Mu izi, amachotsedwa m'madzi, madera omwe akukhudzidwawo amachotsedwa, zouma ndikusiyidwa m'madzi. Pambuyo pakupanga mizu yotalika masentimita 1-2, phesi limasunthidwa dothi labwino kuti likule kenako limangokhala ngati ndikuwonjezera kosavuta.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira yachiwiri yozika mizu, gawo lapansi limatengedwa, lomwe limaphatikizapo peat yonyowa, mchenga wamtsinje ndi nthaka yoyenera begonias (1: 1: 2). Gawo la njirayi limayamba kumizidwa m'madzi, kenako ndikugwiritsa ntchito chida chosavuta chopanga ma rhizomes (Heteroauxin, Kornevin).
Nthaka yoyenera imathiridwa m'chidebe chaching'ono (chofanana ndi kukula kwa chigwacho). Mphukirayo imakwiririka pansi, kudulako kumakulitsidwa ndi masentimita 1-2. Kenako, chotchacho chimatsekedwa mwamphamvu ndi mtsuko kapena kuyikamo chidebe chowoneka ndikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe gawo lililonse la maluwa lomwe limakhudza makoma a wowonjezera kutentha.
Pakatha masiku angapo, mafomu opondaponda pa tank, izi zikuwonetsa mapangidwe a microclimate yofunikira. Pambuyo pa mphindi iyi, malo obiriwira amatsegulidwa tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi imodzi. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa masamba oyamba, kuphimba kumachotsedwa. Mmera umasunthidwa mumphika wodzazidwa ndi dothi la akulu akulu.
Kugawanitsa
Mwanjira imeneyi begonia imafalikira mchaka, ndikuyika zina:
- Chotsani mbewuyo mumphika wapitawu.
- Yeretsani nthambi zakale, inflorescence, masamba akulu.
- Amayika maluwo m'madzi ofunda, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mosamala kumasula mizu panthaka.
- Ndi mpeni wakuthwa, mphukira yaying'ono yokhala ndi impso imalekanitsidwa pachitsamba cha mayi pamodzi ndi muzu.
- Kuti mupeze mizu yabwino, amathandizidwa ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera (Epin, Zircon).
Zolakwika mu Elatior Begonia Care, Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Pakulima begonia elatior, zovuta zina zimatha kubwera zomwe zimayenderana ndi chisamaliro chokwanira komanso kuukira kwa matenda ndi tizilombo:
| Zizindikiro Mawonekedwe akunja pamasamba | Chifukwa | Njira zoyesera |
| Kuyanika kuzungulira m'mphepete. | Chinyezi chotsitsa. | Duwa limakonzedwanso m'chipinda chinyezi ndipo nthawi zina limanyowetsa mpweya. |
| Kufota ndi chikasu. | Kutentha kochepa. | Chomera chimayikidwa mu chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu. |
| Kufota. | Mowa wodetsedwa kwambiri, kuchepa kwa chinyezi. | Mphika umatengedwera kumalo ena, ngati kuli kotheka, umathiriridwa madzi ambiri. |
| Kupanda maluwa. Kutha. | Kuperewera kwa michere. | Nthaka imadyetsedwa feteleza wachilengedwe komanso michere. |
| Maonekedwe a tsamba loyera. Kuzunza. | Spider mite. | Amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala Karbofos, Thiophos kapena Actellic. Mapesi amafafaniza ndi kulowetsedwa anyezi mpaka tizirombo titafa. Mophika:
|
| Kuthira kwamphamvu kwamtundu wobiriwira kapena bulauni. | Grey nkhungu. | Spray ndi Benomil ndikusunthira kuchipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwambiri. |
| Zovala zoyera. | Powdery Mildew | |
| Kuzungulira ndi kudetsa khungu la mizu. | Chizindikiro chakuda. | Lekani kuthirira, gwiritsani ntchito Benomil ndikusamutsa kuchipinda chinyezi kwambiri. |
| Kuvunda. | Kuchuluka chinyezi. | Pewani kuthilira kwamomwe muthirira, patchani chinyezi kulowa maluwa. |
| Kusintha, kutuwa kwamaso. | Nkhaka zithunzi. | Chomera chimatayidwa, mphika utaphwanyidwa, dothi lisinthidwa. |
Maonekedwe a sagging pamizu. Kubera. | Nematode. |
Pali mavuto ambiri mukamakula elatior begonia, koma ngati muwona kusintha kwa nthawi ndikuwachotsa, mbewuyo imakusangalatsani ndi maluwa opaka bwino komanso maonekedwe abwino.
Makamaka chidwi chake chikuyenera kulipidwa posankha feteleza ndi ma hydrate, chifukwa nthawi izi zimakhudza kwambiri chomera ndipo sizingangoyambitsa matenda, komanso zimayambitsa kufa kwa duwa.
Wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kamodzi pamwezi kuti ayang'ane duwa kuti likhalepo la matenda ndi tizirombo, potero kuyambitsa chithandizo chakanthawi.
