Phytophthora ndi nkhanambo: ndi mitundu iti ya mbatata yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi matendawa?

Pa madera a dacha makamaka ndiwo zamasamba zakula, ndipo dera lalikulu chifukwa chodzala limaperekedwa kwa mbatata. Chotsatira chake, nthawi yoyendetsera ulimi sizingatheke.

Mbatata nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kubzala kwa mbewu zapachaka pamalo omwewo. Mbalame zoterozo zimakhala ndi nkhanambo, zomwe zimakhudza mazira a mbatata. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe mungagwirire ndi matendawa, ndondomeko yokhudza matenda ndi maperekedwe a mankhwala.

Zinthu zambiri

Amayambitsa matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mabakiteriya ndi actinomycetes. Kwenikweni, zida zakunja za masamba, zimayambira, maluwa, ndi zipatso zimakhudzidwa ndi nkhanambo.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa:

• kukonda cupi;
• kuphwanya kukhulupirika kwa pamwamba pa peel;
• maonekedwe a mawanga a mawonekedwe osasintha;
• Kukhalapo kwa zilonda zam'kati ndi mapiritsi, kukhala ndi mphukira wouma pa chipatso.

Mbatata, monga mbewu zina za masamba, zimakhala zotetezeka kwambiri. Masiku ano, pafupifupi mitundu inayi ya matendawa imadziwika. Iwonso, amadziwika ndi zinthu zina ndipo amasiyana. Choncho, njira zothandizira komanso zachithandizo zingasinthe. Pali:

1. chodziwika;
2. siliva;
3. powdery;
4. wakuda.

Nkhanambo ya siliva ndi mitundu yonyansa kwambiri, spores ikhoza kusungidwa ngakhale kutentha kwa + 3 ° C, motero kusungirako zida zapafupi pafupi ndi yosungirako. Nkhungu ya siliva imayambitsidwa ndi bowa la Helminthosporium solan, lomwe limafalikira khungu la mbatata. Thumba likhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali popanda kusonyeza zizindikiro zapadera za kuvunda, koma zimataya chinyezi ndi kuuma. Chizindikiro choyamba cha matendawa ndi kupatulira kwa khungu. Zizindikiro zoopsa zowoneka ngati mthunzi wa mthunzi ndi mabala a bulauni.

Nkhungu ya ufa - mtundu wamba, umene umadziwika ngati mawonekedwe a slimy coma akusuntha okha. Kukula mofulumira sikukhudza kokha chipatso cha masamba, komanso pansi pa tsinde. Mukasungira mbatata m'malo amvula, njira yovunda ikukula. Ndipo pa malo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka tuber, kuchepa kochedwa ndi zovunda zouma zimakula mofulumira. Tsamba la ufa mu nthaka youma pa kutentha kwa 12-15 ° C kumverera bwino. Moyo wa bowa ndi zaka zisanu.

Kodi ndi liti komanso liti?

Nkhumbayi imapezeka m'nthaka, choncho sizingatheke kuti iwonongeke. Mabakiteriya amatha kugwedezeka mu masamba omwe agwa, ndipo chiwerengero cha kuwonjezereka kwa matendawa kumakhala kumapeto pamene kumakhala kotentha komanso kozizira kunja.

Komanso, kuti chitukuko chitukulire bwino, magawo ena ndi ofunikira:

1. kutentha kwa mpweya + 25-30 ° C;
2. mchenga, lotayirira, nthaka youma;
3. Kukhalapo kwazambiri za organic fetereza m'nthaka, makamaka humus;
4. nthaka yamchere;
5. kusowa kwa manganese ndi boron m'nthaka, ndi calcium ndi nitrojeni yochuluka;
6. kutentha kwa mpweya osachepera 70%;
7. Kupanda chitetezo cha mthupi muzu kwa matenda.

Kodi ndi zoopsa zotani?

Matenda a mbatata omwe amakhudzidwa ndi matenda a fungalesi samapweteka thanzi laumunthu. Ndiko Ngati mudya zakudya zamakono, simufika kuchipatala. Komabe, kaya ndibwino kuphika ndi funso lina.

Nkhumba - chinthu chosautsa chimene chimachepetsera phindu la mbatata, imataya mtengo wambiri wa wowuma. Amachepetsanso njira yosungira mizu ndi kuvuta. Nkhumba ndi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mbewu, kutaya kwa mawonedwe, zokolola zina, zimakhudza kukana kwa zomera ku matenda ena.

Ndi zikhalidwe ziti zomwe zikuwoneka?

Matenda a fungal si matenda okha a ndiwo zamasamba, komanso mdani wamkulu m'munda. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhudza:

• mbatata;
• beetroot;
• kaloti;
• zipatso za citrus;
• maapulo;
• mapeyala;
• yamatcheri;
• mphesa;
• zomera zamkati.

Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa matendawa kumabweretsa mbatata, maapulo, mapeyala, kuwononga maonekedwe awo ndi khalidwe la zipatso. Pankhaniyi, matenda opatsirana aliwonse amasiyana. Matendawa amapezeka makamaka m'madera otentha.

Momwe mungazindikire?

Maonekedwe a matendawa amadziwika pa tubers, tsinde, masamba, ngakhale maluwa.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhudza peel ndipo timawoneka ngati mdima wouma, osasangalatsa kukhudza. Pamene matendawa akupita, zipatso zimakhala zofooka, masamba amafooka ndikugwa msanga.

Mwamwayi, kumayambiriro kwa matendawa sikupezeka. Zitha kuzindikiridwa pokhapokha atafukula ziphuphu za mbatata kuchokera pansi.

Nkhanambo ikuyenda bwino mvula, nyengo yamvula. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti spores za bowa zimakhala mumsana wamadzimadzi, pomwe, pambuyo pa kugonjetsedwa kwa tuber imodzi, imafalikira ku yotsatira mpaka chirichonse chimadwala.

Chithunzi

Mu chithunzicho mungathe kuona kuoneka kwa mbatata zapatata zokhudzana ndi nkhanambo.

Mfundo zoyenera kuteteza ndi kulimbana

Komabe, mfundo yabwino pazimenezi ndizofunika nkhanambo ikhoza ndipo imayenera kumenyedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, ndondomeko zonse ziyenera kukonzedweratu kuti azitha kuchiza mbewu.

Kodi mungachotse bwanji?

1. Kubzala kumasankha kalasi yosagwira ndi nkhanambo ndi yoyenera kwa zikhalidwe za dera lanu.
2. Musanabzala, tubers ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala, odwala sayenera kubzalidwa.
3. Sungani mbatata m'malo ozizira ndi owuma.
4. Poizitsa mbewu za muzu ndi mankhwala abwino. Mwachitsanzo, Maxim, Fitosporin, Polycarbotsin.
5. Yesani kusintha malo oti mubzala mbatata. Ndipotu, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingathe kukhala pamalo amodzi kwa zaka zisanu.
6. Musati mubzale mbatata m'munda, kumene iwo adakula kaloti, beets, chifukwa amadwala matendawa.
7. Pambuyo pakhomo ndi panthawi ya maluwa, tchire timakonzedwa ndi Epin ndi Zircon kukula.
8. M'nthaka usanabzalidwe sangathe kuwonjezera manyowa atsopano.

Momwe mungachitire dziko lapansi?

Mutatha kukolola mbatata, m'dzinja mabedi ayenera kubzalidwa ndi siderata, omwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga mpiru, nyemba kapena tirigu.

Zimakhala zachilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuteteza kubereka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuteteza mbewu ku chiwembu cha tizilombo towononga.

Pamene mvula ikukula pafupifupi masentimita 20 - dera limakumbidwa, kusakaniza ziphuphu ndi nthaka. Mu kasupe mungathe kuwaza mpiru wothira nthaka.

Popeza nkhanambo imakula bwino mu zamchere nthaka ndi kusowa kwa manganese ndi boron. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera mitundu yotsatira ya feteleza mchere mu nthaka m'nyengo yamasika:

• ammonium sulfate;
• mphothosphate;
• Kalimagnezia;
• mkuwa;
• manganese sulphate;
• boric acid.

Zosiyanasiyana zimagonjetsedwa ndi matendawa ndi phytophthora

Ngati, ngakhale mukuwona zochitika zonsezi, palibe zotsatira, ndiye muyenera kusintha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata ndi kusankha zosakanikirana ndi nkhanambo. Mwachitsanzo:

1. Bronitsky kalasi. Mbatata iyi imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukana kwa nkhanambo, alternariosis, wakuda mwendo. Lili ndi makhalidwe abwino a kukoma. Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Fries. Mtundu wa zamkati ndi woyera. Kukonzekera ndi 350-550 makilogalamu kuchokera 100 sq.m. Zipatso zolemera pafupifupi 100 magalamu. Kutulutsa masiku 80-85.
2. Alena ndi mitundu yoyamba kucha. Maonekedwe a tuber ndi ozungulira. Mtundu uli wofiira. Thupi ndi loyera. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imayambanso kupezeka kwa khansa ya mbatata, saopa chilala, koma sichikulimbana ndi vuto lochedwa. Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Frying process. Kulima kuli makilogalamu 170-100 kuchokera 100 sq.m. Zipatso zolemera pafupifupi 87-156 magalamu. Kutsegula masiku 60-70.
3. Mbatata za White White sredneranny. Kusiyanitsa bwino kusunga khalidwe, kukana matenda. Ili ndi maonekedwe abwino: khungu loyera ndi maso ochepa. Kukonzekera ndi 160-250 makilogalamu kuchokera 100 sq.m. Zipatso zolemera pafupifupi 65-117 magalamu. Masiku otsegula masiku 70-80.
4. Zothandizira - Mitundu iyi ndi yamtengo wapatali pa kupirira kwake. Amaletsa chilala, sagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina. Zimakonda zabwino. Mtundu wa chipatso ndi wachikasu. Kukonzekera ndi 400-450 makilogalamu kuchokera 100 sq.m. Zipatso zolemera pafupifupi 100 magalamu. Kutulutsa masiku 80-85.
5. Tempo - mochedwa masamba zosiyanasiyana. Maonekedwe a tubers ndi ozungulira. Mtundu uli wachikasu ndi thupi lokoma. Kusungidwa ndi kutengedwera bwino. Kukoma kwabwino, makamaka kwa mbatata yosenda. Kukonzekera ndi 550 makilogalamu kuchokera 100 sq.m. Zipatso zolemera pafupifupi 80-130 magalamu. Kutha msinkhu ndi masiku 120-130.

1. Spring - mitundu yosiyana-siyana. Zina mwa zinthu zabwino za masamba: mkulu zokolola, zabwino kukoma kwa makhalidwe, pafupifupi osati matenda fungal matenda. Spring imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira a tubers ndi mtundu wofiira wa pinki. Thupi ndi loyera. Kukonzekera ndi 320-400 makilogalamu kuchokera 100 sq.m. Zipatso zolemera pafupifupi 80-130 magalamu. Kutulutsa masiku 70-75.
2. Nevsky - kalasi yayendera nthawi. Ndi zokoma, zopindulitsa, zili ndi chitetezo chabwino. Mbirayi ndi yosalala komanso yosalala, mawonekedwe ake ndi oblongera, mtunduwo ndi wachikasu. Thupi liri loyera, ndipo silingakhoze kudala kwa nthawi yaitali. Kukonzekera ndi 250-350 kg kuchokera 100 sq.m. Zipatso zolemera pafupifupi 80-130 magalamu. Masiku otsegulira masiku 75-85.
3. Wofiira wofiira amadziwa kuti ali ndi dzina lotero. Zipatso ndizowala, zokongola, mawonekedwe ozolowereka. Mtundu wa khungu ndi wokongola, maso ndi ochepa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, thupi ndi lowala. Lili ndi khalidwe lakutali lautali. Kukonzekera ndi 250-550 makilogalamu kuchokera 100 sq.m. Zipatso zolemera pafupifupi 80-120 magalamu. Masiku opitirira 75 mpaka 90.
4. Bwino zina zosiyanasiyana zimaphatikizapo dzina lake. Iye ali woyambirira, wololera, wakupha, osati wodwala matenda. Chifukwa chake, izo zimaonedwa kuti ndizochitika bwino pakati pa abale ena onse Oval tubers ndi wachikasu khungu. Kupanga makilogalamu 300-550 kuchokera 100 sq.m. Zipatso zolemera pafupifupi 120-150 magalamu. Kutsegula masiku 60-70.

Ndi malingaliro onse ndi njira zothandizira, ndizotheka kuthetseratu matendawa mu zaka 2-3. Komabe, ndikuyenera kuzindikira kuti pamene mutabzala mitundu yosagwira ntchito, mvula yothandizira iyenera kuchitidwabe. Choncho, dzipatseni mbatata kwa chaka chathunthu.