Mitengo yamakono ndi yamtengo wapatali ndiyo mkhalidwe waukulu wa zokolola zambiri za chikhalidwe, mosasamala kanthu za nyengo ya dera. Mmodzi wa ndiwo zamasamba ndiwo a mbatata zosiyanasiyana. Zimapereka zokolola zambiri, ndipo zimatha kudabwiza aliyense ndi makhalidwe ake. Komabe, ngakhale kutchuka ndi kufunika kumsika, chikhalidwe ichi sichikudziwika kwa ambiri. Choncho, lero tipenda mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zosiyanasiyana "Mlimi" ali, ndikuwonetsanso ubwino wake ndi ubwino wake.
Kuswana
Mbatata "Mlimi" ndi mbewu yapadera. Ngakhale kuti chomerachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi alimi ndi minda yayikulu, pafupifupi kanthu kalikonse kamadziwika ka mbiri ya chilengedwe chake. Zomerazi sizinaphatikizidwe mu zolembera za mbewu za zipatso za dziko lirilonse, ndipo sichidziwika ndi masukulu ambiri obereketsa.
Kulima mitunduyi kunachitika mwachibadwa ndi kutenga nawo mbali alimi omwe alimi ndi minda yaing'ono kwa zaka zambiri. Masiku ano, Mlimi ali ndi makhalidwe omwe amatha kusiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina ya mbatata, koma zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito "kusankha mdziko lonse" sizikudziwikiratu.
Mukudziwa? Kumayambiriro kwa mbatata ku chakudya kunachitika ku Bolivia masiku ano pafupifupi zaka zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazo. Momwemonso, masamba awa ndi chimodzi mwa zomera zowalidwa kale zomwe anthu amakula.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
"Mlimi" amatanthauza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata yomwe ikulima bwino m'madera ozizira. Choncho, chomeracho chimakhala ndi kutalika kwa mphukira ndi kutsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi zikhalidwe zina.
Koma ngakhale izi, chomeracho chiri ndi zinthu zosiyana, kuphatikiza komwe kumatsimikizira mbali zake zazikulu zosiyana.
Onani wamkulu kwambiri oyambirira, oyambirira ndi m'ma oyambirira mbatata mitundu.
Tubers
Tizilombo ta mbeu timadziwika ndi izi:
- kukula - pakati, zipatso za mtundu womwewo;
- mawonekedwe - ovalo, ocheperapo, ma tubers amawoneka okongola ndi oyenerera;
- mtundu wamtundu - waung'ono, wonyenga;
- mtundu wa pepi - palibe kudetsa;
- Mtundu wa khungu - woonda, ofewa;
- Mtundu wa peel ndi zamkati ndi monochromatic, mdima wonyezimira umakhalapo;
- kulemera kwapakati - 90-110 g;
- kuchuluka kwa wowuma mu 100 g - 10-12 g;
- zophikira makhalidwe - mbatata ndi oyenera kuphika yophika ndi yokazinga mbale; pamene slicing ndi kutentha kusinthana ndi tubers sikugwera, zimasungiranso mtundu wa zamkati.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudziŵe luso lamakono la kukula mbatata pansi pa udzu ndi m'matumba.
Mitengo
Zomera zotsamba zimadziwika ndi zotsatirazi:
- kukula kwa chitsamba - sing'anga;
- mtundu wa tsinde - wapakatikati, wowongoka, amapanga nthambi zopanda pake;
- zobiriwira zamtunduwu ndizopakati;
- timapepala timene timakhala timene timakhala tating'ono, timene timakhala timene timakhala timene timayambira, timadziwika ndi zofooka zochepa za m'mphepete mwa mitsempha;
- mtundu wa masamba - wobiriwira wowala;
- chokhazikika - chophatikizana, chophatikizidwa kuchokera ku maluwa ambiri;
- mtundu wa maluwa - woyera;
- zipatso - zing'onozing'ono ndi zochepa;
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Ngakhale kuti palibenso njira yodziwikiratu yopangira mitunduyi, "obereketsa dziko" adatha kukhazikitsa mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri. "Mlimi" ali ndi makhalidwe onse oyenerera kuti apikisane ndi mitundu yambiri yapakhomo ndi yachilendo. Komanso, Mbatata iyi ndi imodzi mwa zomera zochepa zomwe zimagonjetsedwa kwa zaka 5-6. 
Matenda oteteza matenda
Mlimi amalephera kwambiri ku matenda ambiri a mbatata omwe amapezeka kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Chomera ichi n'cholimba kwambiri ku matenda otsatirawa:
- khansara ya mbatata;
- mapeto oyipitsa;
- kondwera;
- maatodoses
Komabe, pofuna kupeza zipatso zamtundu wapamwamba ndi zapamwamba, zobiriwira za mbatata ziyenera kukonzedwa motsutsana ndi Colorado mbatata kachilomboka ndi aphid.
Malamulo a kucha
"Mlimi" amadziwika kuti ayamba kucha. Tubers ndi okonzeka kukolola masiku 50-60 mutabzala. Pansi pazikhalidwe zabwino, komanso m'dera lokhala ndi nyengo yozizira kapena yozizira, tubers imakula masiku 40-45 mutabzala.
Ndikofunikira! Kulimbitsa zokolola za mitundu ya mbatata "Mlimi" sizothandiza, kutentha kwapakati kwa nthawi yaitali kungathe kuwapangitsa kukhala ndi vuto.
Mitengo yakucha yoyamba imaphatikizaponso: "Mfumukazi Anne", "Veneta", "Bellaroza", "Zhukovsky Oyambirira", "Rosara", "Gala".
Pereka
Mbatata imakhala ndi zokolola zambiri, pafupifupi 1-25 matani a mbatata akhoza kukolola kuchokera ku 1 hekitala ya plantings. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtengo umodzi ukhoza kupanga 10-15 tubers. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mitundu ya alimi ali ndi khalidwe lapamwamba kwambiri la malonda, chifukwa chiwerengero cha tizilombo tomwe timatha kukolola tisanathe kukolola, mosasamala kanthu za nyengo ndi chigawo chokula.
Chikumbumtima
Kukolola "Mlimi" ali ndi khalidwe lapamwamba la kusunga (90-95%). Tubers amasungidwa bwino kutentha kwa + 2-3 ° С kwa miyezi yambiri, pamene chipinda chosungiramo zokolola chiyenera kukhala nthawi yowonjezera mpweya kuteteza chinyezi.
Zigawo zikukula
Mbatata "Mlimi" amakula bwino ndipo amabala zipatso m'madera a kumpoto ndi ozizira, ndi nyengo zazitentha. Zomera zimakula ndikukula ngakhale kutentha pafupifupi 10-15 ° C, komabe, zokolola zopindulitsa kwambiri ndi zapamwamba zimapezeka m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira ndi yofewa, ndi kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa nyengo.
Kukula mbande ku mbewu za mbatata
Nthaŵi zambiri, kulima mbatata kumatanthawuza kulima mbewu mwa kubzala mbewu za tubers. Njira yaulimi ikuthandizira kupeza mbatata yabwino kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri. 
Komabe, kuti tipeze zokolola zochulukirapo pokhapokha, sikungatheke kusamalira popanda kukula mbande. Kudzala ndi mbewu yokhayo imatha kupereka zomera ndi kusinthasintha kofunikira kwa majini, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitundu yonseyo isasinthe. Choncho, pansipa timaganizira zachinsinsi zonse zomwe zikuchitika.
Nthawi yabwino
Kufesa mbewu za mbande mu nyengo yozizira kumachitika mu theka lachiwiri la March, monga zomera zidzafunikira osachepera mwezi umodzi kuti zikhale bwino asanadzalemo pa tsamba. M'nyengo yotentha, n'zotheka kuyamba kumera mbande kale, koma ndithudi osati kale kuposa miyezi 1-1.5 isanafike tsiku loti limabzala zomera kumalo osatha, popeza masamba osachepera 3-4 oyenera ayenera kupangidwa pa iwo. Apo ayi, kuthengo mbande zidzafa.
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Kuti mbeu zizikhala bwino kwambiri, ndipo mbande zake zimakhala zosagonjetsedwa ndi mitundu yonse ya zovuta za chilengedwe, nyemba zimayenera kukonzekera kufesa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kukonzanso ubwino wa kubzala mtsogolo, komanso kukana mbeu ndi chiwerengero chochepa chokhazikika. 
Njirayi ikuphatikizapo ndondomeko zotsatirazi:
- Katemera wa mbewu za mpendadzuwa - Mbewu yowuma ndi yatsopano imadonthozedwa kwa mphindi zisanu mu njira yothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kenaka idatsuka kwambiri ndi madzi otentha otentha. Monga madzi odzola, mungagwiritsire ntchito njira yothetsera mafuta a 70% ya ethanol, 3% ya hydrogen peroxide yankho kapena mankhwala a potassium permanganate a 0,8%.
- Kuwopsya kwa mbewu za mpendadzuwa - Mbewu iyenera kukhala yogawanika, kuwaza pamodzi wosakaniza, ndikutsanulira madzi pang'ono otentha. Masana, mbewu zowona mpendadzuwa zimasungidwa m'malo am'chipindamo, ndipo usiku usiku m'firiji, kutentha pafupifupi 5 ° C. Kuvutikira kumachitika kwa masiku awiri.
- Kuyambira kumera - Mbeu zosawilitsidwa ndi zowumitsa zimayikidwa mu saupa, nsalu yoyera ya thonje kapena fyuluta pamtunda wa masentimita 1 wina ndi mzake, kenako wothira madzi pang'ono ofunda. Mu mawonekedwe awa, mbewuyo imasungidwa pamalo otentha ndi ofunika kwa masiku angapo, mpaka pangТono kakang'ono ndi msana. Kenaka, mbewu zowera zimakonzeka kufesa mu gawo lopangira, osati mbewu zomwe zimamera.
Ndikofunikira! Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito mapaipi monga zinyalala kuti muyambe kumera mbewu, popeza mizu yaing'ono imatha kulowerera mmenemo, yomwe mosakayikitsa imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yokolola.
Nthaka ndi mphamvu ya mbande
Kukula mbande kuwala, koma dothi lachonde. Zolingazi, mungagwiritse ntchito monga gawo lokonzekera la mbeu zodzikongoletsera, ndikukonzekera nokha kuchoka ku mchenga, nthaka ndi mchenga (4: 2: 1). Mbatata mbande mwakula ang'onoang'ono muli, osati oposa 0,5 malita voliyumu. Pazifukwazi, mungagwiritse ntchito monga miphika yapadera ya mapulasitiki kapena mapulasitiki, ndi makapu apulasitiki osavuta.
Monga mbeu zambiri zam'maluwa, mbatata imakula bwino komanso nthawi yokolola, kotero kuti mbeu zimera, muyenera kupeza zitsulo zosiyanasiyana - kuyambira 0.1-0.2 ml mpaka 0,5 malita.
Kufesa mbewu
Mbewu imafesedwa mwadongosolo, mu nthaka yonyowa ndi yochepa, yosakanikirana kuposa 1-2 masentimita mu nthaka yosanjikiza, mwinamwake kufanana kwa mbewu kumachepetsedwa kangapo. Zomera zofesedwa ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi galasi kapena kudula pamwamba pa botolo la pulasitiki losanunkhira musanayambe kusonkhana.
Kawirikawiri (1 nthawi patsiku), pogona nthawi zonse azikhala mpweya wabwino kwa mphindi 10, ndipo nthaka iyenera kuthiriridwa ngati pakufunika. Mbatata ya mbatata imatha kuwonongeka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, choncho, masiku ochepa musanayambe kufesa mbeu, gawoli liyenera kukhala ndi Trichodermine, Fitosporin kapena fungicide ina iliyonse yovuta.
Kusamalira mmera
Mbatata ndi mbewu yokongola kwambiri kuposa tomato, nkhaka ndi masamba ena, choncho kusamalira bwino ndi kusamala za mbande ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa zomera zathanzi ndi zipatso. Koposa zonse, amamva malo otentha komanso osasuntha, popanda kutentha, kutentha kwa 20-25 ° C. Ngati n'kotheka, zomera zimayenera kuunikiridwa, popeza kusowa kwa kuwala kungawonongeke kwambiri.
Mbande zimafuna kuthirira mofatsa, popeza kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kungawononge putrefactive kuwonongeka kwa tsinde ndi rhizomes, kotero amathirira madzi pang'ono ndi kokha ngati kanyumba kakang'ono kamene kamatuluka kamapezeka pansi. Pofuna kuti chitukuko chikule, nthawi zonse amachizidwa ndi zovuta zamchere feteleza, komanso biostimulants. Mineral kudyetsa sikuchitika kuposa 1-2 nthawi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa biostimulants kumachitika nthawi, molingana ndi zopanga zomwe akupanga.
Ndikofunikira! Mbatata sayenera kumera pawindo, popeza m'malo ano kutentha kwakukulu kumawoneka (kuzizira kuchokera pazenera ndi kutentha kwa batri), zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mbande.
Pambuyo pa timapepala timene timapanga 2 timayang'ana pa zomera, amathawira m'matangi a hotelo, pambuyo pake, patatha masabata 2-3, amayamba kuumitsa mbande. Njirayi imathandiza achinyamata mbatata kuti azitha kulowera pansi. Kuwopsya ndiko kuphunzitsidwa pang'onopang'ono kwa thupi la mbeu kuti zikhale zotentha kwambiri. Chifukwa cha njirayi, zomera zimakhala ndi chilengedwe chokwanira chosiyana ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe. Zimapangidwa masiku 5-6 asanadzalemo pamalo otseguka, pa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku pafupifupi 10 ° C. 
Kulemetsa kuli ndi izi:
- Kuzirala kwakukulu kwa zomera - chifukwa chaichi, kwa masiku 1-2, mapulani a maluwa ndi mbande amasungidwa panja kutentha kwa + 10-15 ° С osapitirira maola 3-4.
- Kuzizira kwa nthawi yaitali - zomera zimasungidwa kwa masiku 2-3 mutangoyamba kuzizira panja kutentha kwa + 10-15 ° С kwa maola 5-6.
- Kusunthira kwathunthu mu chilengedwe - chifukwa ichi, mbande muzitsamba zimasunthira ku chirengedwe chokhazikika, mpaka kuphatikizapo kuloledwa kupita ku malo osatha.
Kuwaza mbande pamalo otseguka
Kawirikawiri, ambiri oyamba kumene ndi odziwa bwino ntchito pa malo opangira zomera m'zochitika zachilengedwe amapanga zolakwa zambiri. Chotsatira chake, mbande zomwe zimakula ndi ntchito yofa, zomwe zimafafaniza mwayi wonse wopindulitsa zokolola zambiri. Choncho, tipitiliza kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane zinsinsi zazikulu komanso zigawo zazikulu za njirayi.
VIDEO: KUZIKHALA NDI KUWONJEZERA POTATO KUFUNA
Nthawi yabwino
M'nyengo yozizira, mbande za mbatata yotseguka pansi zimabzalidwa kumayambiriro mpaka m'ma May. Panthawiyi, pamwamba pa nthaka, komanso mlengalenga, zimatenthedwa kufikira kutentha kwa 10-15 ° C. Kumadera akum'mwera nyengoyi imabwera kale kwambiri, chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira ndi yozizira, kubzala mbatata ndi kotheka kuchokera ku theka la mwezi wa March. Koma, mulimonse mmene nyengo ikuyendera, chikhalidwe chimakula, kuti chitetezo chake ndi chitukuko chimachitika tsiku lililonse kutentha sikuyenera kugwera m'munsimu + 10 ° C. 
Pofuna kulimbitsa zomera, zimalimbikitsa kuti musanayambe kutentha nthaka masiku 2-3 musanadzalemo. Pachifukwachi, malowa ali ndi filimu ya pulasitiki yoonekera, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwake yomwe imakhala ndi nthaka yochepa. Muzochitika zotero, zachilengedwe zowonjezera kutentha zimalengedwa, zomwe zimayambitsa nthaka kutentha. Ngati palibe filimuyi, dera lanu likhoza kukhala lopanda phulusa la malasha. Dothi lakuda la fumbi lidzathandiza dothi kuti lidyetse kutentha kwakukulu, ndipo lidzakhalanso chitsimikizo choonjezera cha zakudya zamasamba.
Kusankha malo
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mbatata amakonda kuwala, chonde, nthaka yochepa kwambiri, choncho zokolola zapamwamba zimapezeka pa nthaka yakuda kapena peat. N'zotheka kulima mbewu m'madera omwe ali ndi mchenga, loamy, komanso ngakhale mchenga, koma malo amenewa ayenera kukhala ndi feteleza ndi feteleza.
Kusamala kwakukulu kumayenera kulipidwa kumalo a chiwembu chomwe masamba adzabzala. Mbatata imakonda dzuwa, lopanda mthunzi wandiweyani, koma gawo lamtendere la munda, popanda ndondomeko zazikulu. Muyeneranso kuonetsetsa kuti malo otsetsereka ali ndi madzi apansi. Chizindikiro ichi chiyenera kukhala osachepera 80 mm cha chinyezi chabwino pakutha kufika mamita 1. Ngakhale kuti chikhalidwe sichimakonda gawo lotentha kwambiri, madzi okwera pamtunda amalola zomera kuti zipirire chilala cham'mawa, chomwe chiri chofunikira kwambiri m'madera otentha ndi owuma nyengo.
Mukudziwa? Mbewu yaikulu ya mbatata ya padziko lapansi inakula ndi wokhala ku Saudi Arabia, Khalil Sehzat. Mlimiyo adatha kupeza chipatso cholemera makilogalamu 11, opanda feteleza, komanso kukula kokondweretsa.
Mwachizolowezi, nyemba ndizofunikira kwambiri pa mbewu zonse za masamba, kotero zokolola pambuyo pa nyemba nthawi zonse zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri, komanso makhalidwe abwino kwambiri. Osati zoipa zipatso chikhalidwe pambuyo tirigu, anyezi, kabichi, nkhaka, sideratov, kaloti, tsabola, beets ndi adyo. 
Monga momwe zinayambitsira mbatata, mitundu yambiri ya mbeu zowonongeka (tomato, biringanya, tsabola za masamba, etc.) ziyenera kupeŵa, chifukwa izi nthawi zambiri zimakhudza osati zokolola zokha, komanso mlili wambiri wa malo.
Dziwitseni nokha ndi malamulo a kusinthana kwa mbewu za masamba pa webusaitiyi.
Choncho, kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino ndi zapamwamba za "Mlimi", munthu ayenera kumamatira nthawi ya kayendedwe kakang'ono ka mbeu. Zimaphatikizapo kulima kosalekeza zomera zomwe zimathandiza kuti kubwezeretsa nthaka kubwezeretsedwe pambuyo pa mbeu. Pankhaniyi, mbatata ziyenera kukula pamalo amodzi, osati kale kuposa zaka zitatu zilizonse.
Ndondomeko yotereyi ikuphatikizapo kusintha kwa mbeu:
- mbatata - chikhalidwe chachikulu;
- chikhalidwe chobiriwira chobiriwira (rye, oats, etc.) - Woyamba kutsogolera, afesedwa mu kugwa, mwamsanga mutatha kukolola mbatata, pambuyo pake mbeu zachinyamata zimamera asanayambe chisanu. M'nyengo yozizira, udzu umatha ndipo umakhala feteleza wachilengedwe pa nthaka;
- kabichi, nkhaka, dzungu, zukini - Wachiwiri wotsatiridwa, amafesedwa nyengo yotsatira pambuyo pa mbatata ndi manyowa obiriwira;
- nyemba (nandolo, nyemba, soya, ndi zina zotero) ndilo gawo lachitatu ndi lomalizira, lomwe limathandizira kuti nthaka ibwezeretsedwe bwino komanso zikhale zowonongeka mosavuta.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Kubzala mbande za mbatata, monga mbewu ina iliyonse yaulimi, imapereka kukonzekera kwa nthaka pa malo. Zimathandiza kuti zitheke kuthetsa kuchuluka kwa namsongole ndi tizirombo, komanso kuti tipeze nthaka ndi mpweya wofunikira, komanso kuti tipeze zofunikira kuti tikulitse mbewu. 
Njirayi ikuphatikizapo njira izi:
- M'dzinja, kusanayambe kwa chisanu, malowa ayenera kumasulidwa kuchoka pamwamba, namsongole ndi zinyalala zina, ndiyeno adakumba mosakanika masentimita 30. Kuphatikizanso apo, mukhoza kupanga minda yaing'ono m'nthaka yomwe ingathandize kasupe kuchotsa chinyezi chowonjezera pa tsamba.
- M'chaka, chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa chikagwera, nthaka imayambidwa ndi rake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotentha kwambiri.
- Pamene kutentha kwakukulu kwa kubzala kubwera, mchere (Nitrophoska) kapena feteleza zopangidwa ndi feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda pamwamba pake, ndiye amalimidwa bwino ndikuwongolera.
Ndikofunikira! Kukulitsa nthaka yolima mu kugwa sikuli koyenera. Kulima kobiri kumapatsa dothi mpata mwayi wozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa chiwonongeko cha mitundu yonse ya tizilombo toitata pansi.
Kulowera
Mu agronomy yamakono, pali njira zambiri ndi njira zowonjezera zomera za mbatata pa tsamba. Koma kawirikawiri obereketsa amapanga chikhalidwe chodzala mzere. Kwa ichi, pansi, kufanana ndi mbali yaying'ono ya chiwembu, nambala yofunikira ya mizere imadziwika ndi munda wamtundu. Mpiringidzo uyenera kukhala wa 60-70 cm. Mbewu zimabzalidwa m'mizere, pamtunda wa masentimita 20-25 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, kenako zimayenera kuzungulidwa ndi nthaka. 
Kuzama kwa chitsime chilichonse chimangodalira mtundu wa nthaka. Kwa chernozem ndi dothi la mchenga, liri ndi masentimita 10-12 masentimita, chifukwa cha nthaka yosafunika sayenera kupitirira 6 cm.
Momwe mungasamalire
Mbewu zitabzalidwa pamtunda, kusamala mosamala n'kofunika. Ngakhale kuti zomerazo zinakula kuchokera ku mbewu, zomwe zimakhala zosiyana ndi zibale zawo sizinali zosiyana ndi achibale awo. Choncho, kusamalidwa kwa mbande sikunali kosiyana ndi kusamalira mbatata kwa tuber kubereka.
Pezani zomwe zili ndi matenda a mbatata ndi momwe mungagwirire nazo.
Kuthirira
Mbatata ndi mbewu yovuta, choncho mbande imayenera kuthirira nthawi zonse. Kuthirira kumayambiriro koyambirira kwa mbeu zimakhala zofunikira, popeza kusowa kwa chinyezi kungawononge imfa ya mbande. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha kusowa kwa mbatata kwa kuthirira ndi choduka chodetsedwa pa nthaka ndi makulidwe a masentimita 6 kapena kuposa.
Ndibwino kuti tichite mwambo umenewu madzulo, chifukwa panthawiyi madzi amatha kutenthetsa nthaka, popanda kuyanika pansi pa dzuŵa. Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi chitsamba amafunikira pafupifupi malita atatu a madzi, ngakhale kwa mbande zazing'ono, bukuli silidzaposa lita imodzi.
Mukudziwa? Mbatata ndizoyamba masamba omwe anakula mu danga pansi pa zovuta. Izi zinachitika mu 1995 chifukwa cha akatswiri a NASA mu labotale ya microgravity ku Columbia shuttle.
Kudyetsa
Pofuna kukhazikika bwino ndi chitukuko cha mbatata, kuphatikizapo zakudya zofunikira, zomera zidzafuna kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni, phosphorous, magnesium, potaziyamu ndi calcium. Choncho, mbatata minda imayenera kudyetsedwa ndi apamwamba feteleza. Kwa nthawi yoyamba nthaka imamera m'chaka, nthawi yomweyo isanayambe ntchitoyi. Kuchita izi, makilogalamu 500 a manyowa kapena humus, komanso makilogalamu 3 a ammophoska ayenera kuwonjezeredwa pa nthaka pa hekta imodzi yokha. Manyowa a feteleza ndi ofunika kwambiri kusiyana ndi feteleza mchere; komabe, popanda iwo, zinthu zowonjezera zimatha kusinthidwa ndi feteleza Kemira Universal Universal, Kemer Mbatata (3 kg / sotka) kapena mafananidwe.
Zowonjezera mizu kuvala ikuchitika 2 zina pa nthawi yogwira zomera: pamaso hilling ndi pa yogwira budding. Pochita izi, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito manyowawo kuti asungunuke m'madzi mofanana (1:10) ndi kuwonjezera kwa ammonium sulphate (1.5 tbsp l / 10 l) kapena kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza feteleza. Izi zikugwirizana ndi makina osakaniza omwe amachokera ku magnesium, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous.
Kubzala ndi kumasula nthaka
Kuchulukitsa namsongole ndi kumasula ndi zina mwa zikuluzikulu zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbewu zamasamba zikhale bwino.
Kutsegula kumatchedwanso "ulimi wothirira wouma." Zomerazi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti mpweya ulipo m'nthaka, komanso umakhala wochepa kwambiri pa udzu, choncho njirazi ndizovomerezeka ndipo zimachitika nthawi zonse m'nyengo yonseyi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kumasulidwa ndi kupalira mmimba kumachitika patatha sabata mutabzala, ndiyeno pakufunika.
Nthenda yaikulu ya mbatata ndi mbatata ya Colorado mbatata. Pezani njira zomwe zimapezeka popambana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso momwe tingawononge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda "Commodore", "Prestige", "Corado", "Tanrek", "Confidor".
Tulutsani dziko lapansi kuti lisamve bwino, osapitirira masentimita 3-6. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri ya tsiku ili ndikutentha kwambiri, pafupi usana. Pachifukwa ichi, n'zotheka kuonetsetsa kuti mbewuyo siyongoyenda bwino, komanso kuti iwononge 80% mwa namsongole.
Hilling
Kawirikawiri chikhalidwe chimayambira kawiri pa nyengo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndondomekoyi imachitika masiku khumi ndi awiri (10-14) mutabzala, ndikubwerezanso pambuyo pa masabata 2-3. Komabe, ngati mapiri awiriwa sapereka zotsatira zoyenera, imabwerezedwa masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi pambuyo pake. Panthawi imodzimodziyo nkofunika kumamatira kukula kwa mounds Iyenera kukhala pakati pa 14 ndi 20 cm. 
Tikukulangizani kuti muphunzire momwe mungaperekere mbatata bwino komanso momwe mungachitire mbatata ndi thirakitala yoyenda.
Kuchiza mankhwala
Monga momwe chiwonetsero chimasonyezera, mbatata zakula kuchokera ku mbewu zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, chithandizo chamankhwala cha zomera ndi njira zovuta zotetezera ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukula mbewu.
Zomera zimaperekedwa kamodzi, masabata 2-3 mutabzala mbande. Bwerezani momwe mukufunira, mutatha kuwonjezeka kwachiwiri ngati mukugawidwa kwa tizirombo m'madera oyandikana nawo. Monga njira yotetezera pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuchokera ku sitolo yapafupi yomwe ili pafupi.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Mbatata yokolola m'madera otentha nthawi zambiri amachitika mu theka lachiwiri la August, koma nyengo yotentha, nthawi yabwino kwambiri ikhoza kukhala masabata 1-2 kale. Chizindikiro chokwanira cha kukula kwa tubers ndi kuyanika kwa masamba m'malo odzala 50%. Poyamba, masiku asanu ndi awiri (7-10) musanayambe kukolola mbatata, gwiritsani nsonga pamwamba pa chiwembu, kusiya njira yaying'ono kuposa masentimita 10-12 mmwamba.
Phunzirani momwe mungasungire bwino mbatata m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, m'nyumba, pansi, mu dzenje.
Kukolola kumachitika tsiku lotentha ndi dzuwa. Amagwiritsa ntchito mabotolo amasonkhanitsa m'mabasiketi, kenaka amathira m'mitsuko ikuluikulu, kenako amatumizidwa kumalo osungirako osatha. Pamaso yosungirako, mbatata ayenera kusambitsidwa mosamala, zouma, kukana zosafunika. 
Mbewu yamachubu imafuna kuvomerezedwa kuti "kubiriwira." Kuti achite izi, amasungidwa kwa masiku 7 mpaka 10 m'chipinda chouma, chofunda komanso chowala (popanda dzuwa). Zikatero, amapanga mankhwala apadera, amawapatsa mtundu wobiriwira, wotchedwa solanine. Zimathandizira chitetezo cha tubers kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toononga ndi makoswe, kufikira kasupe. Sungani mbewuyi mu chipinda chouma, mpweya wokwanira kutentha pafupifupi 5 ° C.
Mukudziwa? Nkhumba zamtengo wapatali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "La Bonnotte" yomwe imalimidwa pachilumba cha Noirmoutier. Zamasamba zimakhala zokoma komanso zosangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wa 1 makilogalamu a tubers ukufika 500 euros.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Mofanana ndi mbewu zina zam'mimba, mbatata zamasamba zimakhala ndi ubwino ndi zovuta. Choncho, musanayambe kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ndikofunika kuti mudziwe bwino. Izi zidzakuthandizani osati kudziteteza okha ku mitundu yonse ya zosayembekezereka pamene kulima chikhalidwe, komanso kuwonongeka kosafunika ndi ndalama.
Ubwino waukulu wa "Mlimi" wa mbatata:
- kukana matenda opatsirana;
- chokolola chachikulu;
- pafupifupi mtundu wabwino ndi kukula kwa tubers;
- bwino tuber kukoma;
- nthawi yochepa ya kucha zipatso;
- Kusunga mbewu kwa nthawi yaitali.
Zovuta zazikulu za "Mlimi" wa mbatata:
- kufunika kwa nthaka yapadera;
- zomera zimasowa ulamuliro wapadera wa madzi;
- kusakaniza kachilomboka ndi mtundu wa aphid.
"Mlimi" ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri yobala zipatso zamakono zamakono. Ngakhale kuti mbatata sizinapangidwe ndi akatswiri, "abambo azinthu" adatha kukhazikitsa mankhwala okwera kwambiri omwe angapindulitse zokolola zapakhomo pamsika wapadziko lonse. Komabe, mbatata zimafuna kusamalidwa komanso kusamalidwa bwino, komanso chipangizo chapadera cha microclimate pa webusaitiyi.
Zotsatira za kulima
