Carnation (Dianthus) ndi yokhazikika yomwe ingapereke mawonekedwe okongola, osakongola modabwitsa ku munda wamaluwa kapena munda wamaluwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Mitundu yonse ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabala imasiyana mosiyanasiyana, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fluffiness ndi inflorescence. Mitundu yoposa 300 ya zomera, yomwe imakula pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, imadziwika, yomwe ili ndi mitundu ya munda 100. Ena ali angwiro kumalire, ena amakongoletsa udzu ndi mabedi. Choncho, aliyense wolima maluwa amatha kusankha kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowonongeka ndi kupanga chilengedwe cha zojambulajambula pa chiwembu chake.
Nkhaniyi ikupereka zitsanzo za mtundu wa cloves ndi zina za kulima kwawo.
Mukudziwa? Dzinalo la Diathus limachokera ku mawu achigriki a Dios - mulungu ndi antos - duwa, yomwe idatchedwa maluwa aumulungu, kapena duwa la Zeus (Zeus - mulungu wambiri mu nthano zakale zachi Greek). Kuyambira kale, nyamakazi ndi imodzi mwa maluwa otchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Maluwa amtengo wapatali ankawoneka ngati ochiritsidwa: ankasungidwa m'nyumba ndikuwatenga pamsewu, monga oteteza ku mavuto. Nthano yakale ya Chigiriki imanena kuti kamodzi kodziwika ndi mtima wa munthu, ndiye chizindikiro cha chikondi, kukhulupirika, nthawi zonse, ubwino ndi chilungamo. Ku France m'zaka za zana la 18, iwo ankaonedwa kuti ndi duwa la kusintha, omwe adaweruzidwa ku imfa anawatengera ku chiwongolero ndi iwo ndikusunga pamtima mpaka nthawi yomaliza.
Alpine carnation
Mbalame yotchedwa Alpine carnation ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yambiri yotchedwa carnation, yomwe imadziwikanso ndi munda wamaluwa. Ichi ndi chomera chosatha cha banja la clove, kuthengo kumamera kumalo amphepete mwa Austria, Slovenia, kumpoto chakummawa kwa Italy. Munda wa thanthwe ndi chomera chochepa kwambiri, chokongola kwambiri, chofikira kutalika kwa masentimita 20 mpaka 50. Maluwawo ndi ofiira ofiira, osakanikirana, osasangalatsa. 
Dzinalo la mitunduyi limasonyeza momwe mungayankhire bwino maluwa - alpine slides. Ngati palibe malo oterewa, kulima alnine carnation ndi kotheka kumadera a dzuwa, kumera pang'ono, kumene kulibe madzi. Izi zikhoza kukhala "choponderetsa" kapena miyala yamphepo, yomwe ili kumbali yakumwera pansi pamtunda pang'ono. Chomeracho chimakonda dziko losalala, lotayirira, lachonde kapena loam. Munda wa thanthwe amavomereza bwino kavalidwe kapamwamba ndi kompositi yokhwima. Komabe, feteleza mopitirira muyeso salola - imangoyamba kukalamba ndipo imatha kutaya kutentha kutentha komanso kuzizira. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya alpine carnation ndi Albus ndi maluwa oyera.
Mukudziwa? Mbalame yotchedwa alpine carnation, dzina lachijeremani lakuti Alpen-Nelke, inayamba kufotokozedwa m'chaka cha 1753 ndi katswiri wina wa ku Sweden dzina lake Carl Linnaeus.
Dianthus
Armeania carnation ndi chomera cha pachaka kapena biennial cha banja lodyera, osapitirira kutalika kwa masentimita 10 mpaka 50. Mbalame yotchedwa Armeidae imafalitsidwa pafupifupi paliponse, dziko lakwawo ndi Europe, Southwest Asia ndi North America. Masiku ano, mitunduyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kumalo okongola popanga floristic. Masamba a chomera ndi ofanana, mawonekedwe osakanikirana a lanceolate, kuyambira 2 mpaka 10 cm m'litali. Pansi pa chomeracho zimayambira ali amaliseche, ndipo pafupi ndi inflorescences ali kwambiri ndipo posachedwa pubescent. The inflorescences ndi osakwatira kapena ambulera - 3-6 ma PC., The corolla ili ndi five toothed wofiira-pinki ndi nsalu zofiirira ndi zing'onozing'ono zoyera. Maluwa kuyambira June mpaka September. Armeania carnation ilibe mitundu yoyera, koma zinyama zake zimakonda kwambiri - "New York Evening", "Caramel" ndi "Zoryanka". 
Mukudziwa? Chipinda cha Armeria chimasiyana ndi machiritso apamwamba. Mu mankhwala owerengeka, gwiritsani ntchito masamba, maluwa, chomera chomera, komanso mafuta ofunikira omwe ali maluwa. Sungani zokolola pamene maluwa akuphulika, monga panthawi ino zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafuta ofunika zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Ndikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito infusions wa masamba ndi maluwa kwa neurasthenia, colitis, enterocolitis, matenda a m'mimba.
Mbalame yowongoka ndi singano
Mbalame yothandizira masamba ndi zomera zosatha. Mitengoyi imakula pamapiri amphepete mwa nkhalango zowuma, pa nthaka yamchenga, m'matanthwe a miyala yamchere, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Amapezeka kuthengo ku Eastern Europe, Western Siberia, Central Asia ndi Far East. Chomera - shrub, ili ndi taproot, zimayambira kufika kutalika kwa 10-30 masentimita, kupanga chimbudzi chokwanira. Ili ndi masamba ovuta, amtundu umodzi, owoneka ngati singano (choncho dzina la mitundu). 
Mapulorescence paniculata-ciciate, maluwa akuluakulu, osungulumwa, oyera, ndi asanu asanu, onunkhira kwambiri. Mitengo imayambira pakati pa mwezi wa May, maluwa imayamba kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June ndipo imatha kumapeto kwa July. Chipatso cha carnation chotsitsa singano ndi bokosi lamitundu iŵiri yokhala ndi chipolopolo. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi "Badia" ndi "Essence".
Chitchainizi (Chosavuta Kumva)
Carnation ya China - mitundu yocheperako kwambiri ndi wamaluwa, yakula makamaka ngati pachaka. Kutalika kwa zomera za mitundu iyi kumakhala pakati pa 10 mpaka 45 masentimita. Maluwa ndi aakulu, mpaka masentimita 7 m'mimba mwake, akhoza kukhala owirikiza, magawo awiri kapena osakhala awiri. Mtundu wa maluwawo ndi wosiyana: woyera, pinki ndi kapezi wofiira, wofiira, wobiriwira komanso wofiirira. Maluwawo amakhala a mitundu iŵiri ndi "diso" kapena mzere wosiyana. Amamasula mabala achi Chinese mu July - October. 
Mitundu ya Chitchaina ili ndi mizu yowonongeka, mitundu yotsika yochepa komanso hybrids ya carnation iyi ndi yabwino kwa kulima mkati. Komanso mogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe awoneka m'malire, pamodzi ndi njira za munda, ndi zina zotero. Mitundu yoyamba ikufalikira monga madera a dzuwa.
Mitundu yambiri ya mtundu wa Chitchainizi ndizoyamba, Diana Mix F1 zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zikuphatikizapo: Diana White, Diana Crimson, Diana Scarlett, Diana Cherry, Diana Red Center White "ndi zina. Mitunduyi ili ndi ubwino wambiri: kuphweka, chogwirana chitsamba, maluwa oyambirira, okongola maluwa okongola ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Mukudziwa? Chinyama cha ku China chinabweretsedwa ku Ulaya mu 1705, msilikali wa ku France dzina lake Bignon atatumiza mbewu ku Paris kuchokera ku China. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, ziphuphu zinayamba kumera ku Ulaya konse.
Masewera a carnation
Mbalame yamaluwa, kapena munda, ndi ya mitundu yosatha ya chomera cha banja la cloves. Dzina la zamoyo zimachokera kumalo a kukula kwake. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi zimayambira zambiri zomwe zimafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 30 mpaka 50. Masamba ali ndi lanceolate ofanana, owuma m'munsi kumapeto kwa clove. Maluwa akhoza kukhala osakwatiwa kapena osakanikirana, mpaka 2.5 masentimita awiri, mtundu wa pabuka-pinki. Maluwawa amamera kumapeto kwa June ndipo amamasula kwa theka kwa miyezi iwiri. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yochepa ya malemba omwe amatha pachimake chaka choyamba. 
Kuwombera kumunda kumakhala kosavuta kwambiri, kumakulira pamalo otentha. Zikuwoneka bwino m'mapalasita a Alpine, curbs ndi ngati kamvekedwe ka mtundu pa udzu. Mtundu wodabwitsa wa zamoyo ndikuti ukhoza kukula mwamsanga mutatha kuwonongeka ndipo salola kuti zomera zina zikule pa "gawo lawo". Chifukwa chaichi, mabala amatha kupanga mapepala okwera.
Mukudziwa? Mphepete mwachitsulo imakhala ndi mayina ambiri otchuka - misonzi yamunda, mkhono wamatsenga, mdima, mphuno kapena misonzi yolimba. Muzu wa kuundana kwa munda ukuyenera kukhala wosambitsidwa, womwe umatchedwa "sopo wakutchire." Chodziwika bwino kudutsa cloves ndi machiritso katundu, chifukwa kukhalapo mu zikuchokera chinthu saponin, ali astringent, diuretic, odana ndi yotupa, hemostatic, analgesic ndi antitoxic.
Chovala Chophimba
Mbalameyi ndi nkhono, kapena ku Hungarian - mitundu ina yosatha yomwe imamera kuthengo ku mapiri, m'mapiri a ku Ulaya: kuchokera ku Alps ku Italy kupita ku Slovak Tatras. Mitunduyi yakhala ikulima kuyambira 1568. Chomeracho chimafika kutalika kwa pafupifupi 25-30 masentimita, zimayambira kupanga chinyontho chakuda cha mphukira zambiri. Masambawa ndi otupa, ophwima ndi ofiira obiriwira, mizu ndi fibrous. Maluwa wamba kapena awiri, mpaka masentimita atatu m'mimba mwake, okhala ndi zingwe zamphongo, amadula pamphepete. 
Iwo ali ndi fungo lolimba ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu: zoyera, pinki, zofiira, zofiirira. Maluwa a pinki amachokera ku June kwa mwezi umodzi. Mitundu yamitunduyi imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya munda ndi mitundu, kotero kulima kwake kuli kotseguka m'mabedi a maluwa, greenhouses ndi chipinda. Zimasiyana ndi kukula kwa masamba, kutaya kapena kupezeka kwa fungo lokhazikika, komanso kuchuluka kwa maluwa pa nyengo. Cirrus carnation ndi mitundu yozizira yomwe imabzalidwa m'chaka chachiwiri mutatha kufesa.
Ambiri otchuka m'minda yamitundu yosiyanasiyana: "Terry Scott" - mawonekedwe a remontant (amamasula kawiri pa nyengo), ali ndi mtundu wosiyana wa maluwa; "Alba" - ndi maluwa oyera; "Desdemona" - maluwa okongola a pinki.
Mbalame ya Sandy
Mbalame ya Sandy ndi mtundu wa European carnation, wosatha, womwe umagawidwa ku Central Europe, mbali ya Ulaya ya Russia ndi ku Caucasus. Mu chikhalidwe cha mtundu uwu wa carnation kuyambira mu 1732. Kukula, mtundu uwu umapanga makoswe, mwamphamvu umakanikizidwa pansi ndipo wophimbidwa ndi masamba. 
Zomwe zimayambira pazomerazo ndi zolunjika, kuyambira 10 mpaka 30 cm wamtali, nthambi ndi zowoneka pamwamba, zobiriwira. Masamba ofanana kapena ozungulira-lanceolate, okhwima, okhwima, owopsa. Maluwa okha, onunkhira kwambiri, oyera, nthawi zina pinki. Mbale yawo ndi yamphepete, imagawidwa filiform lobes, ndi tsitsi la pamwamba. Maluwa a Sandy amasungunuka mu June - July. Angakhale wamkulu pamtunda youma, salola kulemba. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri, yomwe imadziwika ndi fungo lokhazika mtima pansi - "Nostalgie". Zimakula zosapitirira 30 masentimita, maluwa ndi oyera ndi achikasu, ndi mazitali, amphongo.
Ndikofunikira! Kumtchire, nambala ya mchenga imakhala yocheperachepera. Zifukwa za izi ndi zosangalatsa zokhazikika komanso kudula mitengo ya pine, kuyandama kwa glades ndi zitsamba ndi kukumba mabala. Choncho, pofuna kubereka, mbeu ziyenera kugulidwa m'masitolo apadera kuti zisayambe kuwononga anthu.
Zolemba zamakono
Zolemba zamakono - Mitundu ya European-North-Asia, yosatha ndi mizu yowawa. Mitunduyi yakhala ikulima kuyambira 1593. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi masentimita 60 mu msinkhu komanso masamba okhwima a lanceolate. Maluwa aakulu, onunkhira kwambiri amakhala pa mapesi aatali. Mtundu umasinthasintha kuchokera ku zoyera kupita ku pinki ndi zofiirira; phala fringed, ndi filiform lobes. Masamba khumi. Mizati iwiri. Lush clove blooms mu June-July, kufalikira kobwerezabwereza kumachitika nthawi zambiri mu October. Mmerawo ukhoza kukula bwino mu penumbra, umamasula mu chaka chachiwiri cha kufesa. 
Kusiyanitsa mtundu wochepa: nyengo yachisanu moipa, ndipo chitsamba chilichonse cha maluwa chikufooka, maluwa amachepa. Chosavuta ichi chikhoza kubisika mwa kudzidalira nokha pa kulima kwa misa. Ndiye zomera zimalowetsa mzake ndipo zimafalikira nthawi yaitali. Maluwa obirira kwambiri ndi abwino kwambiri m'malire, pamapiri a miyala ndi kudula. Mitunduyi ikuphatikizidwa mu mndandanda "Wodabwitsa" zosiyanasiyana. Ndiwo kusakaniza mitundu ndi pinki ndi maluŵa ofiira omwe amakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu, nthawi zina ndi mabala achikuda.
Carnation travyanka
Carnation travyanka ili ndi mitundu yambiri, yosiyana ndi kufotokoza maluwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Amakula m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, pamphepete mwa nkhalango ndi glades, poyeretsa, m'mphepete mwa msewu, m'mitsinje yamtsinje. Ichi ndi chomera chosatha chomwe chiri ndi rhizome yopyapyala ndi kukwera, mpaka masentimita 40. Masamba amatuluka ndi tsitsi lalifupi, lakuthwa, lakuthwa. Maluwa a pinali ndi pinki kapena ofiira, ndi mawanga ofiirira ndi tsitsi lalitali, lakuthwa pamphepete. 
Chidziwitso chimamera udzu kuyambira June mpaka September. Kuwoneka kumasiyana kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa chisanu, makamaka zomera zazing'ono. Kuwoneka bwino muwiri ndi belu, thyme kapena fescue kapena mosiyana pa dothi louma. Mitundu yambiri ya mabala ndi udzu: "Nzeru" - yotsika kwambiri mpaka 15 cm, ndi maluwa a rasipiberi; "Kuwala Kuwala" - maluwa ofiira amdima.
Mu 2004, obereketsa ku Germany adapanga mitundu yambiri ya "Confetti", yomwe imakhala ndi maluwa ochuluka ndipo ili ndi mitundu inayi ya maluwa. Mitundu ina yotchuka: "Kant-libra" - otsika zomera ndi pinki, zofiira ndi zoyera maluwa; "Pink Pink" - maluwa a mithunzi yofiira, ndi zina zotero.
Kutchulidwa kwa Turkey
Mbalameyi ndi Turkish, kapena ndevu, komanso udzu, ndiwowamba kwambiri maluwa, mitundu yomwe imasiyana ndi momwe amafotokozera ndi mitundu yosiyana. Dziko lakwawo ndi Southern Europe, kumene limakula m'mapiri, m'mphepete mwa miyala. Mtundu wam'munda wa carnation wakhala ukulimidwa kuyambira kale monga chomera cha biennial. Zomera za zomera zimakhala kutalika kwa masentimita 20 mpaka 60. Maluwawo ndi ophweka, okongoletsedwa, a monochromatic, a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Dzina lachiwiri lakuti "bearded" lalandira kwa anthu chifukwa cha mabala omwe amapezeka pamaluwa onse. 
Mitundu yambiri yotchedwa monochrome ya Turkish carnation ndi Red Monarch, Newport Pink, Vice-Reisen, Diadem, Kupferrot, Mirage, etc. Mitundu ina imatha kupuntha kachiwiri. Kutsekedwa kwa Turkey kumakhala kosalekeza kulima, kumatha kukula mumthunzi. Iyo imamasula mu chaka chachiwiri mutabzala, chaka chachitatu zomera zambiri zimafa. Mbalame ya Turkey ku mapiri a Alpine amawoneka bwino - imafalikira pamtunda, imapanga ma carpet.
Zolemba Zakuda
Zojambulajambula ndizofiira, kapena imvi-zamtundu - zimapezeka pamathanthwe, m'matanthwe amphepete ndi m'nkhalango zapine za ku Central Europe. Analimbikitsidwa kuyambira mu 1830. Imeneyi imakhala yosasinthika, yomwe imayambira kutalika kwa masentimita 25. Masamba a chomera ndi a bluu-buluu, opapatiza, ofanana. Maluwa ndi osavuta, onunkhira kwambiri, akhoza kukhala oyera, pinki kapena carmine. Kufiira kofiira buluu kuyambira kumapeto kwa June, kwa masiku 35-40. Chomeracho chimakula bwino pamalo amdima ndi nthaka youma, yochepetsera thanzi. Silingalekerere dothi, lolemera dothi. Chofalitsidwa bwino ndi kudzifesa, chingakhale ngati chomera chophimba pansi. Kuwoneka bwino pamtunda pamodzi ndi mabelu, yaskolka, gypsophila, m'minda yamaluwa kapena ngati chomera. Zojambula zosiyanasiyana za pinki ndi pinki: Pink Blanca, Microchip, Confetti, Flora Pleno. 
Shabo Carnation
Chobot carnation ndi chomera chomwe chimatha pafupifupi masentimita 60. Mitunduyo inachokera kwa mzimayi wa ku France Chabot kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19, choncho dzina. Ili ndi mzere wowongoka ndi wofiira imvi-masamba obiriwira. Maluwa a Shabo terry, okhala ndi mamita 6 masentimita, amasiyana ndi fungo lonunkhira ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu. Chomera ndi chofewa komanso chikondi, chimatha kulekerera kuwala kwa chisanu. Zikuwoneka bwino chomera m'mabedi a maluwa, rabatkah, mixborders, pa zipinda ndi loggias. amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mabanki ndi loggias. Kawirikawiri, nkhuku zowonongeka zimapangidwa chaka ndi chaka, kumadera akum'mwera. 
Shabo ndi imodzi mwa miyambo yowonjezereka, imasiyana nthawi yosungirako kudula. Kwa zaka mazana awiri za kulima mitundu ya Shabo, obereketsa apanga mitundu yambiri ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana. Wokongola kwambiri mwa iwo: "Jeanne Dionis" - woyera; "La France" - pinki yowala; "Mfumukazi ya Pink" - pinki yotentha; "Aurora" - mtundu wa pichesi; "Marie Shabo" - wachikasu; "Etinselyan" - wofiira; "Moto Mfumu" - wofiira wa lalanje; "Lamulo la oner" - mtundu wa chitumbuwa chamdima; "Mikado" - wofiira ndi "Luminette Sakanizani" - mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
