Ambiri wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa amakhulupirira kuti ambulera ndi mbewu zobiriwira sizikusowa chisamaliro chapadera - ndikofunikira kufesa mbewu ndipo zokolola zidzangokhala zokha. Komabe, katsabola ndi kaloti, ndi udzu winawake umakhudza matenda ndi tizirombo. Pozindikira masamba achikasu, musathamangire kuganiza, ndi bwino kuganizira zizindikirozo ndikudziwitseni. Kuzindikira kwa nthawi yake kudzathetseratu matendawa m'mimba ndi kuwateteza.
Kodi celery ingadwale bwanji?
Selari (dzina lachilatini Apium) - chomera cha ambulera banja. Chomera chobiriwira ndi udzu wonyezimira. Mbewu imeneyi imakula mu Hindustan, m'mayiko a Asia, Africa, America, posankha malo okhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira kuti akhale ndi moyo. Kunyumba, udzu winawake (Mediterranean) ndipo lero mungapeze mitundu ya zomera zakutchire.
Mukudziwa? Selari wakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali: ku Greece idakula komanso idya masamba okha. Ndipo mu Igupto ndi Ufumu wa Roma, udzu winawake unkagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga nsonga pamanda, ndipo othawa anali kukumbukiridwa ndi chakudya chokonzekera pa maziko ake.
Selari ingakhudzidwe ndi matendawa:
- Zochitika Nthawi zambiri amachiza zomera mu greenhouses ndi greenhouses. Ziwalo zonse zam'mwamba zakhudzidwa. Churcosporosis imabadwa pa mbande, kenako imapita ku zomera zazikulu. Zizindikiro: mawanga osasunthika kapena ozungulira amapezeka pa pepala, zomwe zimakhala zofiirira.
- Septoria. Zimakhudza mapesi, zimayambira, masamba. Zizindikiro: kuzungulira, chlorotic kapena chikasu cha chlorotic kumawonekera pa udzu winawake, womwe umatha kuonekera pakati, ndipo malire amdima amapezeka. Zotsatira zake - masamba azipiringa ndi zouma, mapesi amatha kutuluka ndikukhala osalimba.
- Mame a Mealy. Zingakhudze udzu winawake m'madzi onse otseguka komanso otetezedwa. Zimakhudza mbali zonse zam'mwamba za zomera, masamba ambiri. Kuwonetsedwa ndi maluwa ofiira, omwe kenaka amawoneka ndi mazira wakuda. Ndi matenda aakulu, powdery mildew amakhudza mbali zonse ziwiri za tsamba, zimayambira ndi petioles, udzu winawake wa udzu winawake.
- Fomoz. Zimakhudza udzu winawake wambiri womwe ukusungidwa. Bowa iyi imadutsa limodzi ndi mbewu. Zimakhudza zonse pamwambaground ndi pansi pa nthaka za mbewu. Kuwonetseratu koyamba kwa fomoz ndikuti pamwamba pa mbeuyo imakhudzidwa, ndipo bowa kenako limasunthira ku tsinde. Chomeracho chimachepetsa kukula, masamba amasanduka chikasu, kupeza mtundu wa bluu kapena wofiira pamunsi, petioles akuswa.
Mmene mungachiritse nyemba zoyera zowola
Gwero la Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (chomwe chimatchedwa zoyera kuvunda) ndi dothi loipitsidwa. Kuvunda koyera kumawoneka pa acidic, nthaka yochuluka ya nayitrogeni mu nyengo yozizira, yamvula kapena nthawi yosungirako.
Mbali yapadera - patina woyera (mycelium) amawonekera pa udzu winawake, womwe umakhala wakuda wakuda wa bowa. Patapita nthaŵi, nsaluyo imakhala yochepetseka, imatembenuka bulauni, ndi mizu ya mbewu.
Kuchiza ndi kupewa:
- Nthaka yakuda iyenera kukhala mandimu;
- Musanadzale mbande, nthaka iyenera kukhala yotetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- Kuchokera m'mabedi osabzala musanadzalemo, m'pofunika kuchotsa zonse zatsamba ndi namsongole;
- Kusungunuka bwino kwa malo osungirako udzu winawake kumachepetsa chiopsezo chofalitsa sclerotinia.
Ndikofunikira! Musanayambe kusunga ufa, perekani chidebe ndi choko. Mitundu yabwino ya tubers ikhoza kusungidwa. Yang'anani mizu imafunika masiku khumi ndi awiri. Chikhalidwe chosungirako bwino ndi 0- + 2 ° С ndi chinyezi cha 90-95%.
Bwanji ngati celery ikudwala, dzimbiri pa masamba
Masamba a celery angamawoneke ndi dzimbiri kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Matendawa amadziwika ndi mapepala ofiira ofiira pamunsi mwa masamba ndi petioles, omwe amayamba kukhala mabala a bulauni, ndipo pofika m'dzinja amapanga mtundu wofiira wa sporulation.
Zomwe zimakhudza masamba zimatuluka chikasu ndi zowuma, kutaya kulawa, ndi petioles zimataya zowonetsera komanso zothandiza (monga momwe zimadziwika ndi mankhwala am'chipatala, udzu winawake wamagetsi umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a m'mimba ndi urolithiasis).
Kuchiza ndi kupewa:
- Bzalani (kubzala) udzu winawake pa nthawi yoyenera;
- Pofuna kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi njira zotetezera (Fitosporin, Baktofit).
Chifukwa masamba a celery ali ndi mawanga oyera, njira zochizira chomera cha septoria
Kutentha kochedwa (septorioz) kumakhudza udzu winawake kumapeto kwa chirimwe. Matendawa amadziwika ndi mawanga ambiri a chikasu pa masamba ndi bulauni-bulauni, oblong, monga ngati malo otchulidwa pa petioles. Masamba okhudzidwa amawopsya ndi owuma, mapesi amatha.
Wopanga causative wa septoria amasungidwa pa zotsalira zamasamba m'nthaka ndi mbeu kwa zaka zitatu. Zimakhala ozizira komanso nyengo yamvula.
Kuchiza ndi Kuteteza:
Musanadzalemo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (kutentha kutentha pa 48 ° C kwa mphindi 30); Onetsetsani kusinthasintha kwa mbeu; Musasiye zotsalira zamasamba ndi namsongole pa mabedi - ndi bwino kuwawononga; Ngati matendawa akuwopsa, spray yamadzi ndi yankho la Readzole kapena Topsina-M (pasanathe masiku 20 asanakolole).
Zomwe mungachite ngati udzu winawake udakopeka ndi kakompyuta
Mtundu uwu wa matenda ndi wodwala m'chilengedwe. Malingana ndi mtundu wa nkhaka wamakono womwe unakhudza mizu yake, mphete zazikulu kapena mphete zing'onozing'ono zimayambira pamwamba pa chomeracho, zomera zimachepetsa kukula kwake.
Yambani mwamsanga kuchotsa zomera m'munda wa bedi. Popeza kuti matendawa ndi osachiritsika, cholinga cha kuteteza ndi kofunika kulimbana ndi ogwira mavairasi - nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nkhupakupa.
Momwe mungachiritse timapepala
Cercosporosis (kuyaka koyambirira) ikhoza kudziwonetsera mu nyengo yozizira, yamvula ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha.
Masamba a udzu winawake amawonekera maulendo angapo (pafupifupi 5 mm m'mimba mwake) ndi kuwala pakati ndi bulauni. Pa petioles kutentha koyambirira kumawonetsa kuti ndi ofanana ndi maonekedwe a mawonekedwe aatali. Powonjezereka kwa chinyezi cha malo amadzazidwa ndi kukwera ndi mthunzi wa violet. Pomwe mukukhazikitsa mapepalawa ndi petioles.
Pofuna kulimbana ndi cercosporosis, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zomwezo monga septoria.
Pukuta pa masamba - choti muchite muzochitika zoterezi
Ntchentche zimadziwika mosavuta pa udzu winawake pogwiritsa ntchito makombola achikasu, ofiira, ofiira ndi ofiira. Nkhumba za bowa zimapangidwa pansi pa khungu la masamba, ndipo zikaphulika, matendawa amakula nthawi yonse yokula.
Pofuna kuteteza udzu winawake kuchokera ku matendawa, kubzala ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zathanzi zokha, komanso kuwononga zomera zomwe zapezeka ngati dzimbiri.
Momwe mungatetezere udzu winawake kuchokera ku nkhanambo
Kawirikawiri, matendawa amakhudza udzu winawake wam'madzi ozizira komanso ozizira. Kuwonetsedwa ndi mawanga ofiira pa mizu ya chomera. Pakati pa chitukuko cha matendawa, ming'alu ndi ziphuphu.
Pofuna kuteteza matenda a nkhanambo, musayambe kubzala udzu winawake m'malo amodzi - mutenge zaka zingapo.
Pofuna kupeza zokolola za udzu winawake, m'pofunika kuti muteteze matenda.
Mabomba akuluakulu a udzu winawake
Mbewu zimayambitsa mavuto ambiri ku tizirombo zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zina kwenikweni kumatulutsa zokolola zam'tsogolo.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi udzu winawake wa udzu winawake
Borschevichnaya boravnitsa (udzu winawake wa celery) - tizilombo tofiira-bulauni mtundu wa 4-6 mm kutalika. Amakhala pansi pa khungu la masamba oyera mazira, omwe muli mphutsi zobiriwira zopanda pake.
N'zotheka kuzindikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda poyang'ana masamba kupita ku kuwala - zofiira zobiriwira zikuwonekera. Mphutsi zowonongeka zimapanga malemba ngati mawonekedwe a bulauni mu tsamba lamkati. Ndi matenda amphamvu, chomeracho chimalira.
Njira zolimbana:
- Kuwongolera mwamphamvu kusinthasintha kwa mbeu (kubzala celery pamalo amodzi ndi kutha kwa zaka 3-4);
- Chiwonongeko chotheratu cha namsongole ndi zotsalira zamasamba m'dera;
- Kutentha kwa mankhwala ndi mankhwala osokoneza mbeu mbeu asanafesedwe.
Mukudziwa? Zomera zakutchire zapitazo zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi udzu winawake wa udzu winawake, ndipo anyezi amathandiza kuti awopsyeze.
Kodi ndi karoti Listobloshka
Pambuyo pake, tsamba la leafblock ndi tizilombo tomwe timadumphira tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi mamita 1.7-1 mm. Mphutsi zamphuno ndizitali, zobiriwira-chikasu. Amagonjetsa mitengo yambiri komanso amatha kusunthira kudzu winawake.
Adult tizilombo ndi mphutsi kuyamwa kuyamwa kwa masamba, chifukwa cha masamba curl, ndi petioles kufupikitsa, zomera ndi inhibited ndi zokolola ndi kwambiri yafupika. Chidule cha ntchitoyi ndi June-July. Mitengo yachitsamba yomwe ikukula m'madera omwe ali pafupi ndi nkhalango zapine zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.
Njira zolimbana ndi karoti zimauluka
Mbalamezi zimakhala pansi, zimadzuka pa kasupe ndikuyika mazira oyera pa masamba oyambirira. The mphutsi amene anaonekera kenako kuwononga celery mapesi.
Zizindikiro za kugonjetsedwa: Masamba amakhala ofiira, amawotchera dzuwa ndikutembenukira chikasu, amang'amba pamzu.
Polimbana ndi karoti ntchentche, m'pofunika nthawi yake udzu, chakudya ndi kumasula nthaka. Poyamba, kumayambiriro kwa June ndi kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa August, patsiku la masiku asanu ndi awiri, perekani mchenga ndi fumbi pakati pa mabedi. Mchenga ukhoza kusinthidwa ndi mpiru wouma.
Mmene mungagwiritsire ntchito nyemba za nyemba zoumba nyemba zamasamba
Nyerere ya nyemba ya nyemba (Aphis fabae) ndi yemweyo wamkulu wa mtundu uwu. Icho chimakula mofulumira kwambiri - m'badwo uliwonse mu masiku 14.
Pa zizindikiro zoyamba za maonekedwe a nsabwe za m'masamba pa udzu winawake, zomera zimapangidwa ndi infusions ndi decoctions za yarrow, dandelion, mbatata nsonga, ndi tomato. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a citrus (gawo limodzi pa magawo 10 a madzi), omwe angathe kulimbana ndi masiku 3-5.
Pofuna kupewa namsongole ndikumala zowonongeka muyenera kuchotsa pamunda nthawi yomweyo ndikupitirizabe kukumba.
Ndikofunikira! Nsabwe za m'masamba zotsalira zidzasokoneza chigawo cha thyme ndi nasturtium.
Nkhondo yokolola imakhudza ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku, kuphatikizapo ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Tikukhulupirira, zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhani ino zidzateteza kuteteza udzu winawake wouma kuchokera ku matenda ndi tizirombo.
