Chestnut - mtengo wokhala ndi maluwa, malongosoledwe amomwe ungabzalire ndikukula

Chestnut - mtengo womwe ndi umodzi wokongola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Imatha kukongoletsa dera lililonse. Feature ndi maluwa ake. Maluwa a Chestnut azikongoletsa kanyumba kalikonse. Nkhani yotsatirayi ikulongosola za momwe mungabyalare chestnut.

Kodi mfuwa ya m'munda imawoneka bwanji?

Kuwona kuli kodabwitsa. Kutanthauzira kwa mtengo wa mgoza ndikuti ndizokongoletsera zoyenera kuchokera ku banja la Beech. Pali mitundu yambiri, mwachitsanzo, ma chestnut ofiira. Imatha kubereka mothandizidwa ndi mtedza. Kutalika kumatha kupitirira 50. Thunthu mulifupi limatha kupitirira mamita 2. Kutalika kwa masamba ake ndi pafupifupi 20 cm, ndipo maluwa ake amafika mpaka 15 cm. Masamba okha ndiwowona. Monga mitengo yambiri, nthawi yotentha imakhala yobiriwira, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira imasanduka yachikaso.

Pamene Duwa Lamasamba

Zomwe zimagwera pachifuwa ndi maluwa ake. Amasonkhanitsidwa m'makutu a inflorescence. Awa ndi maluwa okongola. Pistillaria amapezeka kokha m'munsi mwa inflorescence. Mbatizi imayamba kubala zipatso zaka 15 zokha mutabzala, koma imalilidwa kwa zaka 10. Mu zaka 5 zoyambirira, mtengowu umakula pang'onopang'ono, koma pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi njirayi imayamba kuthamanga. Zipatso zimacha bwino pakapita zaka 2-3 zilizonse. Uno ndi Seputembala ndi Okutobala.

Kumera

Ngakhale sichigwirizana ndi chisanu, imakonda kutentha komweko. Amakonda kwambiri nyengo ya Middle Strip, komanso dothi lonyowa (komanso acidic pang'ono). Koma salola kutentha kwambiri.

Chestnut imamera m'malo osiyanasiyana: America pagombe la Atlantic ku United States, Balkan, gombe la Mediterranean, East Asia, Russia (ku Crimea ndi Transcaucasia). Ku Europe, mwana wosabadwayo amakula mpaka kukula kwa mandarin yonse. Koma ku Azerbaijan kapena Armenia, nthawi zambiri amafika kakang'ono kakang'ono, osaposa mtedza. Ndipo momwe mgozi umamera mwachangu zidzanenedwe pansipa.

Mizu yazomera

Dongosolo lamizu lili ndi zake. Choyamba ndikuti kukula kwa korona sikuthokoza kwathunthu chithunzicho. Zimakhala zosadziwika komwe mizu imatha. Ndipo izi ndizofunikira kwambiri ngati mtengo ukukhala pafupi ndi mbewu zina. Makulidwe a korona amathanso kukhala ocheperako poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa mizu yomwe. Mwachidule, pafupi ndi iyo mbewu zina sizikhala zotsekemera. Mizu yamphamvu komanso yayitali yotambalala m'mbali mwake padziko lapansi. Amatunga madzi onse ndi zinthu zina zopindulitsa.

Dongosolo lokha lili ndi zigawo zingapo:

• muzu wapakati
• yopingasa
• woyamba
• kulamula kwachiwiri
• ofukula ndi nthambi;
• phesi.

Mtengo wachikulire okha ndiomwe umakhala ndi mizu. Mbeu yaying'onoyo ili ndi mizu yosalimba. Muzu wake wamkati umangofika masentimita 40 m'lifupi, ndipo kutalika kwake kumakhala kutalika katatu kuposa kuwombera pansi.

Mizu yazomera

Momwe mungakulitsire mgoza kunyumba

Mwinanso aliyense amadziwa momwe ming'alu yamaluwa imakhalira. Ndizokongola komanso zachilendo. Kuti muwone izi pabwalo, mutha kubzala mtengo ndi nyumba mosavuta.

Mbewu za Chestnut

Choyamba muyenera kuyankha mafunso ochepa:

• komwe mungapeze mbewu yofunikira;
• momwe angapangire bwino mbeu za stratization;
• Zomwe zimayenera kuchitidwa musanafike kumera.

Ndiye, mumapeza bwanji mbewu yoyenera, ndiye kuti mtedza? Kuti mtengo wa mgoza umere, muyenera kusankha chipatso chomwe chili chabwino komanso chokonzeka kuphuka. Pali njira zingapo posankha mtedza:

• sonkhanitsani mtedza womwe udagwa kale pamtengowo, popeza omwe akukula sangakhale wakhanda, chifukwa chake amakhala wachonde;
• nkhope ya mtedzowo izifanane ndi zikwangwani ziwiri: zosalala ndi mawonekedwe osalala komanso zofiirira zakuda. Popanda izi, atha kugwidwa matenda osiyanasiyana;
• muyenera kutola mtedza wambiri kuposa momwe mumaganizira kuti mubzale, chifukwa kumera kwawo kulibe bwino.

Momwe mungakonzekere bwino mbeu kuti ikasokere

Akatha kutola mtedza, ayenera kukhala okonzekera kubzala mtsogolo. Kuti mukwaniritse bwino zomwe zingachitike, kuwongolera njere zingapo kungathandize:

• Sitepe yoyamba ndikusunga mtedza munthaka yonyowa. Izi ziwathandiza kuti adziyeretse okha ndi bowa, ma bacteria ndi matenda ena. Mwezi umodzi izi zisanachitike, nthaka iyenera kukonzedwa bwino mu uvuni.
• Nthaka iyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda china chozizira, izi zimapangitsa kukula kwa mbewu. Chinthu chachikulu sikuti kusunga mtedza uzizira kwambiri. Izi sizingolepheretsa mbewu kukula, koma kungowononga zonse zomwe zikuchitika padziko lapansi.
• Chotsatira ndi kukonzekera kosakaniza kwapadera. Muyenera kusakaniza dothi lamtchire ndi humus muyezo wa 1: 1. Zilowerere mtedza mu osakaniza kwa miyezi inayi.
• Kuchepetsa. Popanda izi, zimakhala zovuta kuti natiyo imere. Kuti muchite izi, ikani mbewu zam'tsogolo m'madzi ofunda ndikuzisintha tsiku ndi tsiku. Pakakhala matope pamwamba pa chipolopolo ndipo chotseka, ndiye kuti mgoza umatha kukonzedwa.

Zomwe muyenera kuchita musanadzalemo chestnut kuchokera ku mtedza

Malo oyenera okulitsa mtengowo umathandizanso kwambiri. Muyenera kudziwa momwe mungabzalire chestnut, chifukwa nyengo zovuta zimabweretsa mavuto osafunikira mbewu. Pali malamulo angapo amomwe mungakhalire ndi mgoza:

• kusunga mbewu m'chipinda chozizira kwa milungu ingapo;
• kubzala mu dothi lonyowa kupewa matenda osiyanasiyana;
• muyenera kubzala mtedza osachepera 5-6, womwe umapezeka m'maenje okumba lapansi, popeza si onse amene angalandiridwe. Kukula kwa mtedza kumakhala pafupifupi 5 cm, ndipo mtunda pakati pawo ndi 15-20 cm;
• maenjewo amawazidwa ndi dziko lomwelo, koma ndikuphatikiza ndi mchenga wocheperako.

Njira yachisanu

Kusamalira mbande zazing'ono

Chestnut ndi yovuta kwambiri kubzala, ngakhale mmisili wodziwa ntchito nthawi zambiri samatha kupirira izi. Chinthu chachikulu apa ndikutsatira malamulo:

• mutabzala chifuwa, ndikofunika kukulunga ndi waya kapena mtundu wina wa tepi kuzungulira potoyo, chifukwa koyambirira kumakhala kosalimba. Kuyenda kochepetsetsa kwambiri kungakhale kotsiriza kwake;
• nthawi zina ndikofunikira kumangiriza zophukira za zifuwa;
• kuthirira kwambiri ndikofunikira mulimonse. Chestnut imakonda nthaka yonyowa;
• chinthu chachikulu sikuti muchilambalala. Chinyontho chowonjezera chitha kuvulaza mbewu;
• kudulira panthawi yake. Chestnut ndi chomera chopanda, motero chimakula nthawi yayitali. Ndikofunikira nthawi zina kudula nthambi zowonongeka kapena zouma.

Kodi imamera panthaka iti

Chestnut, monga momwe imadziwikira, imakonda nthaka yonyowa bwino. Pamenepo muyenera kuchikulitsa. Koma chinyezi sichokhacho chofunikira.

Njira yotentha

Chestnut imalephera kuzizira kwambiri. Mizu yake yakuya imakupatsani mwayi wololera kutentha nthawi iliyonse nyengo yoipa. Chifukwa chake, kutentha kwambiri sikumalekeredwa bwino ndi chikhalidwe. Mtengo umatha kupirira kutentha mpaka 25 ⁰C, osatinso.

Kwa nthawi yayikulupo, machesa achichepere ndi oyenera chipinda chofunda, osati chotentha kwambiri. Ndipo iyeneranso kukwaniritsa njira zina:

• Kutentha kochepa kwambiri sikukutulutsa. Kuberekanso sikungatheke;
• Ngakhale imatha kupirira kutentha pang'ono, ngakhale kamphepo kayeziyezi kamene kamatha kuwononga kwambiri;
• machesa, monga mbewu zina, salola kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya. Mphepo yoyera yokha ndiyabwino kwa iye.

Njira yothirira

Chestnut imakonda chinyezi ndi madzi, ndipo kuthirira kwake kumayenera kukhala kwachizolowezi. Kuti muchite izi, madzi abwino ofunda firiji ndi oyenera. Imapatsa mizu yambiri zinthu zina kuti zikule. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika tsiku lililonse madzulo dzuwa litalowa.

Momwe mungayikitsire mgoza poyera

Kuyika chomera chilichonse kapena mtengo uliwonse (makamaka zifuwa) ndi njira yovuta kwambiri komanso nthawi yambiri yomwe imafunika chidziwitso kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka komwe kungayambitsidwe ndi chifuwa. Chifukwa chiyani Mbatizi imakhala ndi thunthu lolimba kwambiri lokhala ndi mizu yamphamvu, yomwe imapanganso kuti isavute kusuntha. Ndikosavuta kuchita izi ndi mitengo yaying'ono, chifukwa fanizo losasinthika limaloleza kusintha malo bwino.

Malamulo obwezeretsa mbande ndi kuthirira

Izi zimachitika bwino nthawi ya masika kapena kugwa, chifukwa cha zovuta zina:

• kusiyana kwa kutentha;
• kuzizira kwadzidzidzi kwa dothi;
• nyengo yofunda popanda kulumpha lakuthwa kwa 20-25 ° С.

Zonsezi zimapangitsa mtengo kuti usunthiretu wonse mosavuta. Malangizo pang'onopang'ono:

1. Kukumba kabowo kakang'ono.
2. Vulani zifuwa limodzi ndi mizu.
3. Kuyang'ana mizu kuti iwononge kapena matenda.
4. Chithandizo cha phulusa.
5. Kubzala chifuwa m'malo atsopano.

Kuthala kwa tchizi ndi ntchito yabwino, yotsatila. Ngati wolima sakhulupirira maluso ake, ndiye kuti ndiyofunika kumuwonjezera katswiri wina. Ndipo kupatula, kuziika kudzakhudza mgoza. Adzafuna nthawi kuti achire. Ndipo iyi ndi njira yayitali. Ndikofunikira kuganizira malamulo omwe ali pamwambapa, apo ayi maluwa ayenera kudikirira mpaka zaka 10.

Momwe angasamalire

Kukula zifuwa ndi njira yovuta. Ndikofunika kutsatira malamulo ena, kuwatsatira mosamalitsa. Chinthu chachikulu ndikukumbukira kuti mtengowu umakula kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo maluwa oyamba amawoneka pokhapokha zaka 10 bwino. Koma ngati izi sizovuta kwa wosamalira mundawo, ndiye kuti ayenera kuwerenganso nkhaniyo, popeza cholakwika chochepa kwambiri kusiya kungawononge kuyesetsa kwakutali kukulitsa munthu wokongola wamaluwa.