Pampu yamadzi - chinthu chachikulu pakupezeka kwamadzi, kuthilira, kuthirira. Kugwira ntchito kwa dongosolo lonse lathunthu kumadalira momwe limagwirira ntchito. Ngati chipangizocho sichinasankhidwe molakwika, kulibe mphamvu zokwanira, kapena kapangidwe ka chipangizocho sichabwino pantchito zomwe zachitika, ndiye kuti zosagwira bwino ntchito sizitha. Poterepa, mungafunike kugula zida zowonjezera kuti mukabwezeretse zojambulazo, kapena kusintha mtundu womwewo. Kuti musankhe mpope wamadzi woyenerera wa madzi a nyumba, kanyumba kapena dimba, ndikofunikira kuganizira mawonekedwe, kapangidwe kake, cholinga ndi luso la zida zokwezera.
Mfundo zofunikira pakupanga mapampu
Mtundu uliwonse wa pampu uli ndi mawonekedwe ake, koma mfundo zake zonse pazogwiritsa ntchito zida zonse zamapampu ndizimodzi. Mukayatsa mota yamagetsi, mumatha kupanga vacuum mkati mwa nyumba. Chifukwa chocheperako, madzi amamweredwa m'chipinda chosanja, amasamukira ku chitoliro ndipo amatakankhidwira mwamphamvu kudzera mu payipi kapena chitoliro. Mphamvu ya "extrusion" yamadzi ndiyo imayambitsa kupanikizika m'dongosolo. Iyenera kukhala yokwanira kuthana ndi kukana kwa hydraulic.
Mapampu onse amagwira ntchito pokoka madzi kulowa ndi kutulutsira madzi mu katulutsidwe, amasiyana pokhapokha potengera katemera
Mapangidwe a mapampu amatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera momwe phukusi limapangidwira mu chipangizochi, pazomwezi, mapampu agawidwa:
- centrifugal;
- vortex;
- vibrational (dzina lachiwiri ndi electromagnetic).
Kutengera komwe pampompo wapezeka ndi thanki yamadzi, mitundu yapamwamba ndi yam'mbuyo ndiyosiyana. Mwapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito, zidazi zimagawidwa muzitsime, chimbudzi, ngalande, mapampu amoto. Mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane aperekedwa mu kanema pansipa:
Pampu ya Centrifugal - Zida Zachilengedwe
Zipangizo zamtunduwu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi m'malo onse - onse azogulitsa komanso azanyumba. Mfundo yakugwirira ntchito idakhazikitsidwa pakupanga mphamvu yayikulu mkati mwa nyumba, chifukwa chomwe kuyenda kwamadzi kumachitika, kupanikizika kumapangidwa. Masamba ndi mawilo a gawo lomwe likugwira, kuzungulira, kukoka madzimadzi, kuwakanikiza motsutsana ndi khoma, kenako ndikukankhira kunja. Kutengera kapangidwe ndi cholinga chake, zidazi zimagawika m'magulu ambiri. Zitha kukhala pamtunda komanso zopatsirana, cantilever, yopingasa, yopingasa, yofiyira, imodzi komanso yophatikizika.
Zonse zomwe zimapangidwa ndizopangidwa ndi mphamvu zambiri, ziwalozi sizimatha. Amaganiziridwa kuti mapampu azigwira ntchito mosalekeza. Chifukwa chake, adapangidwa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yosavuta komanso yachangu. Zipangizozi zimatha kugwira ntchito pa kutentha kwambiri komanso malo okhala mwankhanza, mawonekedwewo amatengera mawonekedwe a mtundu winawake. Ena mwa iwo amatha kupirira mpaka madigiri 350.
Ubwino wa mapampu a centrifugal amaphatikizapo kudalirika, kulimba, kudalirika, mtengo wololera, kuthekera ndi zida zofunikira zokha, magwiridwe antchito ambiri. Komabe, monga chipangizo china chilichonse, pampu yamtunduwu imakhala ndi zovuta zake. Chifukwa chake, kuti ayambe kuyambitsa chipangizocho, nyumbayo iyenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi, chifukwa chifukwa cha mphamvu yotsika kwambiri, madzi samalowa mu chiphalaphala. Mphepo ikalowa kulowa, pampu imatha. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati kukana kwamphamvu yamagetsi kumasintha, izi zingakhudze kukhazikika kwa chipangizocho.
Mapampu apakati pa centrifugal ndi mafoni, osavuta kutulutsa ndi kuyendetsa, koma sioyenera kukhazikitsa
Mapampu a Centrifugal cantilever amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopa madzi oyera ndi akuda okhala ndi zosayera ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono. Kwa njira zoperekera madzi nyumba ndi nyumba zopangira, mapampu amodzi osanja oyenda amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mapampu oyimilira osiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe omwe amagwira ntchito ngati zida zingapo zofananira, zolumikizana, zokhala ndi mbali imodzi. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha kupereka mphamvu pakanema.
Mapampu amadzi a Centrifugal amagulidwa nyumba, nyumba zanyumba, makina amthirira ndi kuthirira. Amayikidwa m'makina opatsira madzi omwe amagwira ntchito kuchokera kuzitsime. Gwiritsani ntchito mitundu yotsika. Zakale ndizosavuta kuyikirapo, pomwe zotsalazo ndizosavuta kuzisamalira. Kukhazikitsa mtundu wocheperako pachitsime, pamafunika zinthu zapadera. Ili ndiintchito yovuta, chifukwa, ngakhale zili ndiubwino, eni nyumba ndizotheka kusankha zitsanzo zabwino. Zitha kuikidwa mu zitsime, pomwe panali zopatuka kuchokera pamtondo pakukhazikitsa kaseti. Zolakwika zake zimaphatikizapo kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mchenga ndi kuipitsidwa.
Timapereka chithunzithunzi cha mapampu am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi ambiri, abwino pamundawo:
Mawonekedwe a ntchito ya zomanga zamtundu wa vortex
Chipangizocho chimagwira ntchito chifukwa cha vortex wheel, yomwe ndi disk disk yokhala ndi masamba omwe amapanga mphamvu ya centrifugal. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe, mapangidwe amadzi amayenda mumizere yowoneka ngati kamvuluvulu. Ubwino wawukulu wa mapampu amtundu wa vortex ndi kukakamiza kwawo kwamphamvu. Ndi miyeso, kulemera, miyeso ya mawilo ndi kuchuluka kwa kusinthika kofanana ndi pampu yamakilomita, vortex imapereka kuthamanga kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kukula kwa thupi la mtundu wa vortex kumatha kukhala kocheperako poyerekeza ndi centrifugal.
Chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwakukulu komwe kumapangidwa ndi mapampu a vortex, amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kuthirira minda ndi minda yamakhitchini. Ndiwofunika kukhazikitsa machitidwe operekera madzi azinyumba ndi nyumba zapanja, ngati pakufunika kuonjezera kukakamiza mu netiweki. Mosiyana ndi zitsanzo za centrifugal, vortex nthawi zambiri imalekerera thovu lalikulu lomwe likulowa mapaipi. Kukula kwakanthawi kumakulitsa kuchuluka kwa pampu yamtunduwu. Mwa zoyipa - kudziwa kuyimitsidwa tinthu tokhala m'madzi. Ngati alipo ambiri, pampu imagwira ntchito mosagwirizana ndipo imakhala yopanda phindu.
Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kophatikizana ndi mphamvu yayikulu, mapampu a vortex ndi oyenera kukhazikitsidwa pazitsime zazingwe kwambiri
Vibration mapampu akunyumba ndi munda
Panyumba, kanyumba ndi dimba, mutha kusankha pampu yamadzi yamagetsi yamtundu wamtundu. Mfundo ya kagwiritsidwe kake imakhazikitsidwa ndi gawo la gawo lamagetsi lopangidwa ndi coil lomwe limakoka pakati pazitsulo ndi diaphragm yosinthika. Pogwada, chifanizo cha mphira chimapanga kupanikizika kocheperako, chifukwa chomwe madzi amayamwa mu chipinda cha hydraulic. Daphalo ikabwerera kumalo ake, kukakamira kumadzuka ndipo valavu imatseka chotsekera, kotero madzi amaponyedwera potulutsa. Kusuntha kosalekeza kwa diaphragm kumapangitsa kupopera kwamadzi kosasunthika.
Pampu za mtundu wa Vigration zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza kuthirira ndi kuthilira kwa mbeu. Zikhazikitsidwa mumakina azomwe amadzipangira okha. Mwayi wawukulu wopangidwawu ndikutha kupopa madzi owonongeka, omwe amalola kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pokoka zitsime ndi zitsime poyeretsa. Mukamagwira ntchito ndi madzi akuda, magwiridwe antchito a pompo yamagetsi amatsika kwambiri, koma amatha kuthana ndi kuyeretsa pansi pazipangizo zamagetsi. China chophatikizanso ndi mapangidwe ake ndizotsika mtengo komanso kudalirika. Kukhazikika kwazida zimaperekedwa ndi kapangidwe komwe mulibe zinthu zoyenda, zosisita.
Ngati mainchesi pachitsimechi ndiakulu, ndiye kuti mutha kukhazikitsa pampu yolumikizira, mutavala mphete kuti "muchotse" kugwedezeka.
Zoyipa zama pampu yamagetsi yamagetsi sizochepera kuposa zabwino zake. Pogwira ntchito zamagetsi, malfunction nthawi zambiri amapezeka ngati magetsi achuluka. Mwini nyumbayo ataganizira zokhazikitsa pampu yolumikizira magetsi, magetsi ena owonjezera amayenera kugulidwa. Mapampu oterewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kupompa madzi kuchokera kuzitsime, koma sikofunikira kuti tiwayike m'zitsime, makamaka zazifupi mwake, ngakhale kuti simunayike mosavuta. Kukula kwakanthawi kumakhudza kapangidwe kake, ndipo posakhalitsa, pampu imadziphulika kapena kuwononga chitoliro chopanga.
Ndikosayenera kukhazikitsa pampu ya Trickle mumipope yopapatiza. Izi zitha kubweretsa kukonza kwa pampu osakonzekera kapena ngakhale kukumba chitsime chatsopano.
Pompopompopompo ndi mapopoma othandizira
Zida zonse zokweza madzi zitha kugawidwa pamtunda komanso kugwirira ntchito. Zikopa za mtundu woyamba zimayikidwa pafupi ndi nyumba zoyendera ma hydraulic kapena zitsime zomwe zimatunga madzi. Lachiwiri limamizidwa m'madzi. Ma kapangidwe amasiyanasiyana magwiridwe antchito, mtundu ndi malo ake, mayendedwe ovomerezeka. Mitundu yapamwamba nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika mtengo ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito ngati kutalika kwa madzi ndi kutsika kuposa 80 cm.Mapampu olowera ayenera kugwira ntchito osachepera 1 mita pansi pamadzi.
Mitundu yapamwamba ndi chisankho chabwino kuthirira.
Pampu yamadzi kumtunda kwa dimba kapena dimba lakhitchini ndi yabwino ngati mungafunikire kukonza kuthirira kuchokera kuchosungira kapena chilengedwe. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndikosavuta kuthawa ndikusamutsa kwina, ndikusungidwa. Chimakhala choyenera nyumba zanyumba zam'chilimwe. Pampu yotere imatha kuyikiridwa kuti itunge madzi pachitsime kapena m'mbali mwake (mpaka 9 m), chitsime cha Abyssinian. Poterepa, mwiniwakeyo sayenera kutola chipangizocho ndi diamondi, chifukwa payipi yokha imatsitsidwa mchitsime, ndipo pampuyo imayikidwa pafupi ndi chitoliro chopangira.
Malo opopera ndi zida zokulirapo pamadzi. Ndizogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza pampu ndi chosungira madzi
Chopanga chokhacho - kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe apamwamba, muyenera kukonzekera chipinda chomwe chipangizocho chidzatetezedwa kuchinyontho, ndipo phokoso lomwe likugwira ntchito silidzasokoneza aliyense. Ikani chidacho pansi kapena papulatifomu yapadera, ngati mukufuna madzi kuchokera pagwero lotseguka. Mukakumba maenje otsekemera, pansi sikumatsanulidwa ndi konkriti, koma kumakutidwa ndi miyala. Zipangizo zochuluka zimatenga chinyezi chambiri chomwe chitha kuchitika madzi akamadutsa mphete za konkriti kapena zomanga.
Mukamawerengera mphamvu zomwe mukufunikira, muyenera kukumbukira kuti mulingo wokhazikika komanso wopingasa ndi 1: 4, i.e. 1 mita ya mapaipi opingasa imawonedwa ngati 4 m yopingasa. Pakupanga kwamadzi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi apulasitiki, m'malo mwa mipira ya mphira. Ngakhale mukupaka madzimadzi kudzera mumayipi osinthika, amatha kupanikizidwa ndikugwedezeka ndi madontho akukumana ndi mavuto. Madzi samadutsa bowo lochepa, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka poyenda.
Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba, ndikosavuta kukonza kuthirira mbewu padziwe. Kuti tichite izi, posankha mtundu, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti madzi amabwera ndi tinthu tosiyanasiyana ndi dothi
Zipangizo zothandizira kutsatsa madzi kunyumba
Pampu yabwino kwambiri yamadzi yopangira nyumba kapena nyumba yachilimwe momwe amakhala nthawi yayitali ndi pampu yopumira. Ndioyenerera bwino ngati akukonzekera kukhazikitsa njira yoperekera madzi kuchokera kuchitsime chakuya (kupitirira 9-10 m). Mtundu wamba wanyumba umatunga madzi pachitsime mpaka 40 m, ndipo pazakuya kwambiri mutha kupeza chida champhamvu kwambiri. Ndi kusankha mapampu azitsime mpaka 80 m, zovuta sizimakhalapo, chifukwa assortment ndizambiri. Mitundu yonse ya submersible ili ndi chitetezo chokhazikika chouma.
Mutha kukhazikitsa pampu ya submersible ngati singakhudze pansi, ndipo kutalika kwa madzi pamtunda kumakhala kosachepera mita 1. Izi ndizofunikira pazifukwa zingapo. Choyamba, kuti injini ithe bwino, payenera kukhala madzi okwanira. Kachiwiri, mulingo wamadzi pachitsime kapena pachitsime sizinakhazikike. Zitha kusintha kutengera nyengo. Ndikofunikira kuti pampu isayandikire kwambiri pagalasi lamadzi, apo ayi pakhoza kukhala zovuta ndi kupezeka kwa madzi. Mpope suyenera kufika pansi ndi 2-6 m kuti dothi ndi mchenga wochokera pansi usagwere mu chitoliro.
Mbali ina yosiyanitsa ndi mapampu amadzimadzi ndikutha kupopa madzi oyera ndi osadetsedwa okhala ndi mapangidwe olimba. Mphepo imaperekedwa poyatsira pampu ngati imeneyo. Zipangizo zitha kulumikizidwa ndi njira zoperekera madzi
Phunziro lalifupi lalifupi posankha pampu
Mukamasankha pampu yamadzi yamagetsi ya nyumba, kanyumba kapena munda, choyambirira, lingalirani cholinga chake. Zida zoyenera "pachilichonse" kulibe. Ganizirani ntchito zazikuluzikulu za chipangizocho, kaya zingogwira ntchito popopera madzi oyera, kapena mwina zitha kukweza madzi ndi mchenga ndi matope.
Mukamasankha mtundu winawake, onetsetsani kuti mwalingalira zofunikira kwambiri zaukadaulo: mphamvu, magwiridwe antchito, kuchita bwino, kupanikizika kwakukulu. Ngati panthawi yowerengera mukukayikira kulondola kwawo, funsani katswiri. Ponena za mtundu wa mapampu amadzi am'nyumba, zopangira Wilo, DAB, Gileks, Belamos zatsimikizira bwino. Mtsogoleri wamsika ndi mtundu wa Grundfos.
