Euharis ndi wodabwitsa kwambiri m'minda yathu yokhala ndi maiko ndi masamba akuluakulu obiriwira. Koma kuganiza kuti mvula yoyera kwambiri (nthawi zina yachikasu), maluŵa aang'ono a eukharis, ngati ofunika kwambiri, okongoletsera chomera m'malima okhwima, amapanga maluwa olemera, sangathe kufanana ndi chirichonse!
Dziko la nzika ya euharis ndi nkhalango za ku Central ndi South America, makamaka ku Colombia ndi kumadzulo kwa Amazonia. Kuchokera pano kunabwera dzina lachiwiri la chomera, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi British ndipo pansi pake chimadziwika bwino m'deralo - kakombo ka Amazonian.
Mukudziwa? Kuitanitsa kakombo ka Amazonian sikunali koona, chifukwa ndi chomera chomera chomeracho chikhoza kukhala chodabwitsa kuposa kakombo. Kuchokera ku Ukaristiya wachi Greek akhoza kumasuliridwa ngati "wodzaza ndi chisomo," "wokongola" - kotero dzina ili likugwirizana kwambiri ndi chomera.
M'mayiko a ku Ulaya, euharis anayamba kukula monga chophimba m'nyumba m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo maluwa sanathenso kutchuka. Euharis amamasula bwino kwambiri kawiri pachaka, kuponyera angapo (kuchokera pa chimodzi mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu, malinga ndi momwe amamangidwira) kutalika kwa peduncles, iliyonse yomwe imakongoletsa maluwa okongola 4-6 omwe amamera pamodzi. Nthawi yonse ya maluwa euharis imatha masabata atatu, maluwa onse amakhala atsopano pafupifupi sabata. Nthaŵi yonseyi, chomeracho chimadzaza ndi fungo labwino kwambiri, losasunthika kwambiri la maluwa ambiri. Kufalikira euharis m'nyengo yozizira, pamene zomera zina zimapuma, zimawoneka ngati chozizwitsa chenicheni cha Khirisimasi! 
Anthu omwe akufuna kukweza kukongola kwawo pawindo lawo ayenera kudziwa momwe angasamalire bwino mazira a Amazonian kuti azisangalala ndi kukongola kwa mitundu yozizwitsa.
Zochitika zabwino kwa euharis
Chodabwitsa, ambiri mafani a m'nyumba zomera, kukula pa zenera sills Amazonian kakombo, osadziwa kuti chomera ayenera pachimake. Yankho la funso lakuti n'chifukwa chiyani euharis sizimafalikira panyumba nthawi zonse imakhala yosasamalidwa bwino ndi chomeracho, kusagwirizana ndi zofunikira zowunikira, kuthirira, kudyetsa, kusankha mphika wolakwika ndi kunyalanyaza zinthu zina zomwe maluwa amenewa amachititsa makamaka.
Malo ndi kuunikira
Euharis sangathe kutchedwa chomera chokonda, koma mthunzi weniweni ndizolakwika. Maluwa amamveka bwino mumthunzi komanso kuwala, koma zomera sizikonda dzuwa. Malo abwino kwambiri a euharis ndi kumadzulo kapena kummawa kwa sill. Mawindo akuyang'ana kumpoto ndi abwino kwambiri ngati malo a mphika, koma ngati pangakhale kuwala kochepa komwe kudzaperekedwa kwa euharis. Pakati pa maluwa, chomerachi chimafuna kuunika kwambiri kusiyana ndi nthawi ya kukula ndi kupumula.
Ndikofunikira! Kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakhala koopsa kwa masamba a euharis, makamaka m'chilimwe. Choncho, ngati chomeracho chili pawindo choyang'ana chakumwera, nkofunika kumupatsa chitetezo chotheka kuti ziwotche.
Mavuto otentha
Euharis ndi chomera chokonda kutentha, komanso, sichimalola kusinthasintha kwa kutentha. Chipinda chomwe chomeracho sichiyenera kukhala chozizira kusiyana ndi +16 ° C, koma nthawi ya kukula ndi zofunika kuti mpweya ukhale ndi madigiri angapo ofunda, ndipo kuti chomera chiphuke, kutentha kumayenera kukhala 4-6 apamwamba madigiri
M'nyengo ya chilimwe, othari amatha kutulutsidwa kumapanga, koma popeza dziko lakwawo ndi malo otentha, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira ndikofunikira kubwezera mphika ku chipinda chofunda nthawi kuti mpweya wabwino usanawononge maluwa: ngati kutentha kumatsika pansi pa 7 °, mababu amayamba kuvunda pa euharis , ndipo masamba akutembenukira chikasu. Kukula maluwa pamalo otseguka pamtunda, monga lamulo, sichimasintha maluwa, kapena maluwa amapangidwa ochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi kusiyana pakati pa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku komwe kuli koonekera kwambiri kwa thermophilic euharis.
Kukula euharis: Kusamalira kunyumba
Kawirikawiri, euharis ndi wodzichepetsa, koma nkofunikira kutsatira malamulo ena oti muwasamalire.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Kuthirira bwino ndikofunika kwambiri kuti ukhale wabwino.
Ndikofunikira! Amazon kakombo amakhululukira kwambiri kusowa madzi okwanira kusiyana ndi kupitirira kwake. Kuphulika kwa madzi kumakhala koopsa kwambiri kwa euharis, babu imayamba kuvunda kuchokera ku izi, ndipo zomera zimatha kufa.Komabe, kudyetsa nthaka sikuyenera kuloledwa. Madzi okwanira ayenela kuteteza.
Pofuna kupewa fumbi kukhazikika pamagulu akulu, nthawi zonse ayenera kupukutidwa bwinobwino ndi nsalu yonyowa kapena yonyowa. Mukhoza kutsuka masamba pamadzi pang'onopang'ono, ndikupewa kutsekemera nthaka mumphika.
Pa nthawi ya kukula zimathandiza kupopera mbewu, koma kumayambiriro kwa maluwa njirayi imaletsedwa kapena yosachepera: chifukwa cha madontho a madzi akugwa pa maluwa, amadzaza ndi mahatchi ndi kutaya kukongola kwawo konse.
Pamene maluwa amatha, madzi okwanira ayenera kuchepetsedwa.
Kudyetsa euharis
Dyetsani chomeracho chingayambe mwamsanga pamene anyezi aphuka. Kachiwiri pa mwezi, euharis amamera ndi ming'onoting'ono kwa mitundu ya maluwa, kapena feteleza zopangidwa ndi feteleza osakaniza ndi mchere feteleza, ndipo, posankha chotsatiracho, ayenera kuperekedwa kwa iwo omwe mavitaminiwa ali otsika.
Zovala zapamwamba zimakhala panthawi ya kukula komanso mpaka maluwawo amamasula. Pambuyo pake, kwa miyezi ingapo, feteleza iyenera kuyimitsidwa.
Zonsezi za kukopera kwa euharis
Mababu ambiri mu mphika ndikudyetsa nthawi zonse zomera zimabweretsa maonekedwe okongola kwambiri a chitsamba. Amawoneka okongola ndipo amamasula kwambiri.
Choncho, feteleza euharis sayenera kuchitika kawirikawiri. Chomera sichimalekerera njirayi mosavuta ndipo makamaka chovuta kupyola muzu. Choncho Ndibwino kuti musasamuke, koma kuti muwolokerere euharis, muteteze kusungunuka kwa dothi, pokhapokha mutasunthira ku mphika waukulu.
Komabe, ngati zomera zatsalira m'phika lomwelo kwa zaka zoposa zisanu, euharis angathenso kufa chifukwa cha malo ochepa, otsekedwa kwathunthu ndi mababu atsopano, omwe alibe malo okwanira kuti akhale ndi zakudya zabwino ndi chitukuko.
Euharis ayenera kuikidwa pamene mbewu ikupuma pambuyo maluwa (makamaka mu March).
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunikira kusankha mphika wabwino kwa euharis. Pa chitukuko chokhazikika ndi maluwa okhazikika, chomerachi chimafuna malo ochepa. Choncho, n'zosatheka kuziika Amazon kakombo mu mphika waukulu kwambiri!
Ndi bwino kusankha poto kwa euharis, yomwe idzakhala yaikulu masentimita 2-3 kuposa m'mimba mwake. Ndikoyenera kupatsa makonde osapsa, kuwonjezeka kwa chidebecho chiyenera kufotokoza makamaka kukula kwake, osati kuya. M'munsi mwa mphika ayenera kuperekedwa ndi mabowo angapo, omwe angathe kukhetsa chinyezi chokwanira.
Mphindi wotsatira ndi kusankha koyenera kwa nthaka. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yathanzi kwambiri, yotayirira komanso yotentha kwambiri. Mukhoza kugula gawo loyenera mu sitolo yodabwitsa, koma mukhoza kukonzekera euharis ndi nokha. Zokwanira kusakaniza peat ndi mchenga kapena ufa wophika muzofanana, kenaka wonjezerani chisakanizo kumtundu womwewo wa kompositi kapena tsamba la masamba. Zimalimbikitsanso kuwonjezera loam (pafupifupi 20%) ku gawo lapansi. Njira ina yoyenera nthaka ya zuharis ili ndi pepala, nthenga (kapena peat), nthaka ndi mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 3: 2: 1: 1.
Pamene thanki imatengedwa, nthaka yakonzedwa ndipo nyengo yabwino ya chitukuko cha mbewu yayamba, mungayambe kuyendetsa bwino euharis.
Pansi pa mphika imayikidwa ndondomeko yamadzi (mwachitsanzo, dongo lokulitsidwa), pamwamba - dothi lokonzekera. Izi zimakhala zosavuta kuwerengera ngati mumadziwa kuti ayharis ayenera kubzala: chifukwa chodzala, mababu ayenera kukhala 3-4 masentimita m'nthaka (ngati mababuwo sanagwidwe, amaloledwa kuchoka pamwamba pamtunda, kotero kuti chiwerengerocho chikhale chosavuta kuziwona).
Kenaka, euharis imachotsedwa mu mphika (poyambira, mutha kumasula pang'onopang'ono dothi ladothi pozungulira ilo, kuti likhale losavuta kulipeza) ndipo ilo likulumikiziridwa kuti likhale latsopano, pamene chomera chikugwiritsidwa mosamala pansi. Pambuyo pake, kuchuluka kwa nthaka kumatsanulira mu mphika, ndipo nthaka imakhala yochepa.
Ndikofunikira! Kusiyanitsa mababu kuchokera ku chomera chakale ndikofunikira ngati kuli kofalitsidwa. Ndibwino kuti musamayende bwino, ndi bwino kusokoneza earthball: mababu amodzi a euharis amakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo maluwa samayamba posachedwa.Mutabzala, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa mochepa ngati n'kotheka kuti asawononge mababu omwe sanayambe kuuma. Kuperewera kwa chinyezi chiyenera kubwezeredwa ndi katundu wolemera komanso kawirikawiri kupopera mbewu.
Euharis: Zomwe zimasamalidwa mutatha maluwa
Pambuyo maluwa, euharis ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti padzakhala mpumulo wathunthu, womwe umatha pafupifupi miyezi limodzi ndi theka. Panali nthawiyi pamene chomeracho chimasonkhanitsa mphamvu zowonjezera mtsogolo ndi maluwa. Chifukwa chake, kukula kwake kwa nyengo yotsatira kumadalira chisamaliro cha Amazon kakombo panthawi ino.
Choncho, pamene maluwa otsiriza auma, maluwa amatha kudulidwa (masamba sayenera kudulidwa). Kenaka chomeracho chikhoza kusunthira kumalo osachepera komanso kuchepetsa kuthirira. Kudyetsa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa nthawiyi sikuyenera kuchitika konse.
Mu gawo lopuma, nthawi zina masamba amayamba kutembenuka chikasu pa euharis. Sitiyenera kuchita mantha, kuthamanga kobiriwira kudzabwezeretsedwa. 
Mapeto a nthawi yayitali ikuwonetsedwa ndi maonekedwe a masamba aang'ono. Izi zikachitika, mutha kuyamba kumwa madzi ndi kubzala euharis, ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, kwezani kutentha kwapamwamba.
Mukudziwa? Nthawi zina amalima amaluwa amatha kupeza maulendo atatu a euharis pa chaka. Pankhaniyi, nthawi zina zonse za mbeuyo ziyenera kukhala zitatu.
Euharis, yemwe ali pa mpumulo, akuwoneka wokongola monga nthawi ya kukula. Sikoyenera kusuntha chomera kuti chizizizira, ndikofunikira kuti kuchepetsa kuthirira ndi kusiya kudya.
Tizilombo toopsa komanso matenda oopsa a euharis
Nyongolotsi zosautsa kwambiri kwa euharis ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, Putinite mite, thrips, ndi wordery worm.
Shchitovka Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza chomeracho, chomwe chili mu chipinda chouma kwambiri, choncho njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera matenda ndi kupopera masamba nthawi zonse.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timaphimbidwa ndi sera ya sera, ngati chishango, imayamwa kuyamwa kuchokera kumapazi, zomwe zimayambira kuti ziume. Zimakhala zovuta kuona chishango ndi maso, koma zotsatira za ntchito yake yofunikira ndizowoneka. Komabe, okhala ndi galasi lokulitsa, mungapeze tizilombo tochepa kwambiri, mofulumira kuyendayenda pamtengowo. Ngati mdani amadziwika, mankhwala ndi osavuta.
Kumayambiriro koyamba, masamba akulu a euharis amachotsedwa bwino ndi siponji yosakanizidwa ndi madzi a sopo. Koma ngati matendawa ataliatali, ndi bwino kuchiza chomeracho ndi yankho la Aktara ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, kubwereza ndondomeko tsiku lililonse. Sakanizani mkati mwa tsamba, monga momwe ziliri mmenemo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi tizilombo.
Maonekedwe thrips Komanso amakwiya ndi kutsika kwachinyezi, makamaka pa kutentha kwambiri. Matendawa amadziwika ngati madontho ang'onoang'ono pamasamba, omwe kenako amayamba kukhala osiyana. Vuto la thrips pa euharis likuphatikizaponso kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi chonyamulira cha matenda osiyanasiyana, ndipo panthawi yomweyi ena a iwo sangathe kuchiritsidwa. Choncho, pa chizindikiro choyamba cha kuwonongeka, chomeracho chiyenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga ndi tizilombo.
Mealybug amadziwonetsera pa mapangidwe a masamba a zofiira zoyera, zofanana ndi thonje, kangaude - maonekedwe a kangaude pakati pa masamba ndi mitundu yambiri yamitundu. Njira zowononga tizilombo - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mwachidziwikire, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe tatchulidwa pamwambapa ndi osavuta kuti tipeze zomera mu chipinda chouma. Kusamalidwa bwino ndi kuwonetsa nthawi zonse mlengalenga kudzathandiza kupeŵa matenda, ndipo ngati zizindikiro za matendawa zikuwonekerabe, sikufunika kudziwa mtundu wina wa tizilombo, popeza tizilombo tosankhidwa bwino tikhoza kuthana ndi adani alionse omwe angatheke.
Mavuto mu kulima euharis
Amazon kakombo sikumayambitsa vuto lalikulu mu chisamaliro. Komabe, nthawi zina mavuto ena amayambabe. Taganizirani zofala kwambiri.
Ngati euharis sakhala pachimake, izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kutentha kwabwino, mphika waukulu kwambiri, kapena kulephera kupereka chomera nthawi yoyenera. Kuwonjezera apo, chifukwa cha maluwa, babu a euharis ayenera kukwanira mokwanira, nthawi zina zimatenga zaka zisanu.
Ngati euharis ataya masamba popanda chifukwa chodziwikiratu, izi zikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi nyengo yosasangalatsa kapena madzi osakwanira (kuchepa kapena kusowa kwa chinyezi). Katsamba kakang'ono ka masamba osayima sichisonyeza vuto, ndiyenera kudandaula ngati chodabwitsa chikuchitika nthawi zonse, makamaka ngati mawanga amdima amaonekera pamaso asanafe.
Ngati masamba a euharis ali ndi mawanga ofiira, ndi ofiira ofiira. Ndikofunika kulimbana ndi matendawa a funguso mwa kuchotsa masamba omwe anawonongeka (masamba ndi peduncles) ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa euharis ndi mkuwa sulphate kapena fungicide ina yamkuwa. 
Chifukwa cha kuvunda kwa babu kungakhale madzi ochulukirapo muzu, kapena otchedwa flycissus fly, amadziwikanso ndi hover. Ndi bwino kulimbana ndi tizilombo tomweyi musanayambe kubzala babu. Kuti muchite izi, ingogwira babuyi kwa maola atatu m'madzi otentha (pafupifupi madigiri 45), kenako iume bwino. Njira yodalirika - kuyendetsa mababu mu njira yothetsera "Aktellika" kapena mankhwala "BI-58".
Zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi ntchentche zimauluka kuti ziwotchedwe ndi kutenthedwa, chifukwa kuyendetsedwa kumawoneka kuti sikugwira ntchito. Komabe, ngati mumaponyera chomeracho movutikira, mukhoza kuchiika payekha, kuchotsa ku zitsamba zoyandikana nawo, ndikuyesa mapulani ena otchuka kuti apulumutse maluwa.
Mukudziwa? Zimakhulupirira kuti ntchentche yotchedwa narcissus imatha kusungunuka ndi kumwaza kwambiri maziko a chomeracho ndi ufa wa firi ufa, umene ukhoza kugulidwa pa pharmacies ena. Ndi bwino kuthira ufa womwewo ndi madzi otentha, kuumirira maola ochepa ndi kutsanulira mbewu. Njira yowonjezereka ndiyo kuthirira mbewu pansi pazu ndi madzi, pomwe piritsi la mankhwala la mankhwala Trichopol lasungunuka (chidutswa chimodzi pa madzi okwanira 1 litre). Njira yachitatu - kuthirira mbewuyo ndi njira yoziziritsa ya saline - ikhoza kuwononga tizilombo, komanso imayambitsa chomeracho, chifukwa nthaka itatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a Amazon.
Zilibe vuto, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa chifukwa chake ndi kutenga njira zothetsera chisamaliro cha mbeu, ndiyeno chitukuko cha euharis chidzaimika mwamsanga ...
Kuberekera kwa euharis kunyumba
Euharis ndi chomera chamakono, choncho kubzala kwake kumaphatikizapo pogawanitsa chitsamba (polekanitsa anyezi). 
Anyezi osungunuka kwathunthu amasiyanitsidwa kwambiri ndi chomera cha amayi ndipo amawaika mu miphika yosiyana. Danga la zomeralo liyenera kukhala lochepa, kotero ndi bwino kudzala mababu angapo mumphika umodzi kusiyana ndi kupereka Amazon kakombo malo ambiri omasuka mu chidebecho. Nthaka yobzala ikhale yokwanira mvula, koma osati "kuyandama". Masiku 10 oyambirira mutabzala chomera sichiyenera kusokonezedwa ndi ulimi wothirira, kudyetsa, kapena njira zina.
Mababu aang'ono amamera nthawi imodzi ndi theka - miyezi iwiri mutabzala.
Ngati chodzala chiri pafupi, a euharis akuyamba pang'onopang'ono, koma mbali ina, mababu ambiri mumphika amapereka zitsamba zowonjezereka komanso maluwa omwe amatha nthawi yaitali. Kuonjezera apo, babu amodzi omwe saikidwa sudzayamba kuphulika asanalandire "ana" okwanira.Choncho, popanda kukokomeza, tikhoza kunena kuti chiwerengero cha ma bulbu pa mphika voliyumu ndiwotsimikiziranso kuti mutabzala Amazon kakombo mwamsanga mudzayamba kupanga chisangalalo ndi maluwa okongola.
