Chomera cha Bougainvillea - mtengo wokongola ndi wapachiyambi womwe ungakongoletse malo aliwonse a kwathu. Mpesa uwu umachokera ku South America, wochokera ku Brazil. Ili ndi nthambi zowonongeka, zomwe zimalola kuti ziphatikizidwe ndi chithandizo. Mtengo umamasula mumasika ndi chilimwe. Ponena za munda bougainvillea, ndikuyenera kuzindikira kuti kulima ndi kusamalira ndi kosavuta.
Mtengo ukhoza kumera pamalo otseguka pamadera otentha otentha, chifukwa pamene kutentha kumatsika pansi pa madigiri asanu amamwalira. Choncho, alimi ambiri amalimirira muzitsulo, ndipo nthawi ya chilimwe amapititsa kumunda. M'nkhaniyi tipereka zokhudzana ndi mfundo zofunika kwambiri, zomwe zidzakuthandizani kukula chomera chokongola pa tsamba lanu.
Kusankha malo
Kuti musankhe malo abwino oti mubzalitse bougainvillea, muyenera kusamala osati kunthaka, komanso kuunika kwa malo.
Mukudziwa? Dzina la duwa linali lolemekeza Louis Antoine de Bougainville - woyenda panyanja amene anakhala m'zaka za zana la XVIII ndipo anafufuza Pacific Ocean. Panthawi ya moyo wake, adadzipereka ku zochitika zambiri za m'mayiko. Kuphatikiza pa duwa, malo adatchulidwa pambuyo pake: vuto ndi kupanikizika.
Kuunikira ndi mthunzi
Chomerachi chimakonda kwambiri kuwala, kosawoneka, koma sichiwopa kuwala kwa dzuwa. M'nyengo yozizira ya bougainvillea imabwera nthawi yopumula, ndiye kufunika kwa dzuwa kumachepetsedwa pang'ono. Mukamalima chomera m'nyumba, iyenera kuikidwa kumbali ya kumwera, ngati simungapereke zina zowunikira. 
Kuti bougainvillea ikule bwino ndi kuphuka, ulamuliro wa kutentha m'chilimwe uyenera kusungidwa mkati mwa madigiri 20-25, pamene m'nyengo yozizira iyenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala osachepera 12-16 madigiri.
Kukula nthaka
Kulima maluwa a bougainvillea kumafuna nthaka yamchere. Mungagule gawo lokonzekera lopangidwa ndi matepi m'masitolo apadera, kapena mukhoza kukonzekera nokha. Kuti muchite izi, mukufunikira magawo atatu a nthaka, tsamba limodzi, magawo awiri a peat ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga wabwino. Dothi liyenera kudutsa mpweya ndi madzi, kotero musaiwale za madzi abwino.
Oleander, bougainvillea ndi mandimu ndiwo malo otchuka kwambiri a tub.
Oyenera kubzala munda wa bougainvillea
Kudyetsa Bougainvillea ndi chisamaliro chotsatira nthawi zambiri chimagwira m'chaka. Mphamvu yakufika iyenera kukhala yakuya. Mitsuko iyenera kudzazidwa pansi, yomwe iyenera kutenga pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mphika. Ndiye okonzeka nthaka yosakaniza imatsanuliridwa kwa pafupi theka ndi chitsamba cha bougainvillea chimayikidwa pakati. 
Gulu lapansili liyenera kufalitsidwa pamtengo wa chomera ndikuchiyanjanitsa. Nthaka iyenera kutsanulidwa mochuluka ndi madzi, ndipo mkati mwa masiku angapo mizu iyenera kukula.
Mukudziwa? Bougainvillea wolemba mbiri akukula ku Brazil. Kutalika kwa zomera kumadutsa mamita 15, ndipo zaka zoposa zaka 200.
Zomwe zimasamalira zomera
Pamene mukusamalira bougainvillea, muyenera kudziwa nthawi zonse kudula nthaka, komanso kudyetsa shrub.
Kuthirira
Kukula chomera chokongola ndi champhamvu popanda kutsata madzi a madzi sikutheka. Bougainvillea silingalekerere chilala, mwamsanga imatayika makhalidwe ake okongoletsa, kotero inu musamaiwale kuti mumwe madzi. Ndikofunika kuyang'anira nthawi zonse mkhalidwe wa nthaka, ndipo ikangomva, yonjezerani madzi. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira sikudzakhala ngati nthawi ya chilimwe. 
Ndikofunikira! Kusunga madzi mumphika sikungaloledwenso, chifukwa mizu ikhoza kuvunda. Kuchokera pamatumba owonjezera madzi ayenera kutsanulira nthawi zonse.M'nyengo ya chilimwe, m'pofunikira kutsuka masamba a bougainvillea ndi madzi ofunda tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngati mlengalenga muli wouma kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira mbewuyo.
Feteleza
Njira yothetsera mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi feteleza mchere imayenera kudyetsa achinyamata a bougainvillea kamodzi pa sabata. Mukhozanso kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakono ndi zogula zopangira zomera. Tchikulire akufunika kudyetsa kawirikawiri, kudzakhala kokwanira kawiri pamwezi. Mankhwala a nayitrogeni ndi phosphate amathandiza bougainvilleas kukula ndikuphuka bwino.
Kuti nayitrogeni feteleza ndi awa: ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potaziyamu nitrate, urea, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate.
Ndikofunikira! M'nyengo yozizira, pamtunda, mtengo susowa kudyetsa kwina.
Yambani
Chifukwa chakuti bougainvillea ndi shrub yowonongeka, zimakhala zovuta kuti iye amugwire. Choncho, wolima munda ayenera kumuthandiza. Zothandizira fano kapena zitsamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu izi. Ndizodabwitsa kuti waya akhoza kupanga mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, kusiyana ndi momwe mungathe kukwaniritsira mabuku abwino ndi zotsatira.
Mukudziwa? Zimakhulupirira kuti bougainvillea ikhoza kukopa ndalama kunyumba. Dzina lake ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu, chuma ndi ubwino. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika ndalama mu mphika ku duwa kuti tipeze zotsatira za zotsatira zabwino.
Kudulira mphukira
Bougainvillea imadulidwa osati kokha kupanga mawonekedwe okongoletsera korona, komanso kuyambitsa maluwa ambiri.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kudulira, m'pofunika kuchoka pafupifupi 5-7 masentimita a nthambi ya chaka chomwecho, popeza nthambi zakale zimabweretsanso nthawi yaitali komanso zovuta kuposa za achinyamata. Ndipo atsopanowo mwina sangakhale ndi nthawi yopanga.
Kubalanso munda wa bougainvillea
Kukula bougainvillea, muyenera kudziwa osati kungozisamalira, koma komanso njira zowonetsera. Pali angapo:
- Kuyika. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukonza maluwa omwe mwangoyamba kumene kupanga ndi kuwaza ndi nthaka masentimita angapo. Kumene mizu imayenera kuonekera, muyenera kupunthwa bwino, izi zidzathandiza mizu kupanga mofulumira.
- Cuttings. Kuyambira May mpaka July, n'zotheka kuchita cuttings a bougainvillea. Pa izi, mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba 3-4 ndi pafupifupi 10 cm kutalika ziyenera kudulidwa kuchokera kwa mayi chomera. Kenaka mphukira imamizidwa mumadzi ofunda amodzi ndipo imaloledwa kuyima kwa maola angapo, kenako imamizidwa mu yankho la heteroauxin kapena epine, kapena pa kukula kulikonse komwe kumapangitsa munthu kukula. Pambuyo pake muyenera kudula masamba, omwe ali pansi pa kudula. Kusakaniza mchenga ndi peat kumatsanulidwira mu chidebe, ndipo kudula kumayikidwa mmenemo kuti igwere mu gawo lapansi mpaka yachiwiri internode. Mpangidwe umayikidwa mu chipinda momwe kutentha kwanthawi zonse kwa madigiri 25 kumakhalabe. Mukhoza kuphimba phesi ndi mtsuko kapena kumanga wowonjezera kutentha. Tsiku lililonse, phesi imakhala mpweya wokwanira ndipo imapopedwa ndi madzi. Pa mwezi umodzi, mizu iyenera kukhala bwino, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mmerawo ukhoza kuikidwa pamalo osatha.
- Mbewu. Njira imeneyi ndi nthawi yambiri yomwe ikudya komanso nthawi yaitali. Mukhoza kusonkhanitsa mbewu kuchokera ku zomera zokhazikika, zazikulu. Mkati mwa zouma zouma ndizo zimbudzi, zomwe muyenera kulandira mbeuyo. Kubzala zinthu kuti mubzalidwe pa nthaka yokonzedwa mu chidebe, ndiye kuti muyese pamwamba. Nthaŵi ndi nthawi moisten nthaka. Ndibwino kuti muphimbe nyembazo ndi filimu kapena kupanga wowonjezera kutentha kwa iwo.
Mukudziwa? Ku San Clemente (USA), maluwa a bougainvillea amasankhidwa ngati maluwa ovomerezeka a mzinda uno.
Matenda ndi tizilombo ta mbeu
Chomera chonsecho chikulimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Mavuto angayambe ndi zosayenera.
Masamba a chikasu ndi chizindikiro cha chinyezi chamtundu wambiri. Bougainvillea amakonda madzi, koma sichivomerezeka kuwonjezera madzi ochulukirapo.
Masamba akale akugwa, koma atsopano samakula. Chifukwa chake kawirikawiri zimakhala kuyenda kawirikawiri kwa chomera kapena kukonzanso mphukira zake. Koma ngati izi zimachotsedwa mosavuta, ndiko kuti, matenda omwe angakhoze kuchiritsidwa kokha pothandizidwa ndi kukonzekera wapadera. 
Mizu yovunda. Izi ndi zotsatira za ulimi wothirira mobwerezabwereza, womwe suli kulima, chifukwa cha nthaka yomwe ikupsa nthawi zonse imanyowa ndipo pang'onopang'ono imayamba kuwononga mizu ya mbewu. Zimakhala zovuta kudziwa vutoli. Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti muzochitika zotere, zomera zimayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndikufuna. Tchulani bougainvillea ndi zinyama. Nthawi zina kusunga izo kumalephera.
Pa tizirombo ngati aphid, mealybug, ndi scytchuk, iwo samakhudza munda bougainvillea. Komabe, m'pofunika kuyesa chomeracho, ndipo ngati pali zizindikiro zoyamba za mawonekedwe a munthu aliyense wovulaza, gwiritsani ntchito kugula mankhwala. Pafupi nthawizonse chomera choterocho chingapulumutsidwe.
Kukula munda wa bougainvillea sikovuta kwambiri. Ndikwanira kusankha malo abwino kwa chomera ndikudyetsa nthawi zonse ndi madzi ndi kuvala. Momwemonso, mungapeze chomera chokongola kwambiri cha mtengo wamaluwa chomwe chidzakondweretsa maso anu kwa nthawi yaitali.
