Zowonongeka za kulima ndi zinsinsi za maluwa Opuntia

Prickly peyala - mlendo wochokera kudera lina la ku Russia, kansalu kakang'ono kakang'ono, mawonekedwe osazolowereka.

Icho chimakhala ndi zigawo zonse zopangidwa ndi diski.

Zophimbidwa ndi spines ndi glochidia (zing'onozing'ono zamphepo).

Ndizo chomera chikuwoneka chachilendo ndipo ngakhale ophwanyika pang'ono.

M'nkhani ino tikambirana za chisamaliro cha kunyumba kwa opuntia cactus, monga chithunzi chidzafotokozedwa.

Kwa amalima a maluwa amtengo wapatali wamapichesi ndi ofunika chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitsamba, komanso chifukwa cha chitukuko chosayembekezereka.

Nthawi zina mphukira zake zimamera m'malo osadziwika, choncho chitsamba chilichonse, kukula, chimakhala chosiyana kwambiri.

Kusamalira kwanu

Kalendala ya Cactus

January - February

Nthawi yovuta kwa onse cacti, iwo ali pa mpumulo.

Chifukwa cha kusowa kuwala, chomeracho chikhoza kufooketsa, Kutaya mizu yochepa.

Samalani mosamala chikhalidwe cha pet kuti tizilombo kapena matenda. Musalole kuti dothi liume.

Kumapeto kwa February, mukhoza kufesa mbewu zoyamba.

March

Nthawi ya kuwuka mapeyala apamwamba. Masiku otalika kwambiri akubwera. Nkhumba imayamba nyengo yokula.

Yambani kupopera mankhwalawa ndi madzi ofunda kuchokera ku botolo la kutsitsi. Dzuwa panthawi ino liri lotenthedwa kale, ndipo chomera sichizolowereka, kotero chiyenera kukhala pang'ono pritenyat.

Dulani ku prickly pear shots yomwe imapangidwa m'nyengo yozizira.

Kudulira kumayenera kuti akwaniritse chitsamba chabwino kwambiri.

April

Samalani kubzala zitsanzo zatsopano. Osati makope opatsiridwa chakudya.

May

Mwezi kukula kwa maluwa kukula. Panthawiyi m'pofunika kupereka zofunika pazitukuko.

Maluwawo safunikanso, alowetsani pansi pamatentha otentha.

Bzalani kuikidwa. Chokoma pa chitukuko cha kuyenda mumlengalenga, nthawi zambiri chimapirira. Komabe, choyamba sankhani mawawa ndi nyengo.

June - July

Ndi nthawi yobzala zomera.

Katemera adzakuthandizani machiritso owonongeka, zidzasintha, zidzalimbikitsa kukula ndi pachimake.

Iyi ndi nthawi ya chitukuko champhamvu ndi maluwa a pears, choncho muyenera kusamalira kwambiri zofunikira pamoyo wawo.

August

Nyengo yokula ikufika kumapeto. Muyenera kuumitsa chomera kuti chikhale chokonzekera m'nyengo yozizira, choncho samalani kuti muwonetsetse kusiyana kwa usiku ndi kutentha kwa masana.

Izi zidzathandiza pear priarly kuumitsa. Muzidyetseratu chiweto chanu ndi feteleza. potaziyamu ndi phosphorous.

September

Nthawi yosiya kudya.

Komanso kuchepetsa kuthirira.

Pa nthawiyi, chomeracho chikuwomba kwambiri.

Ndipo kuchepetsa kutentha kwa usiku.

Chakumapeto kwa September, makope omwe anali pamsewu, adabwerera ku nyumba.

October

Kuthirira kumachepetsa kuchepa.

Chitani zotsatira zomaliza za mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

November

Prickly pear amasiya kukula - kuziyika mu chipinda chozizira ndi chouma.

Ngati nyengo imalola, pitirizani kuwomba.

December

Opuntia anagona tulo, asiye yekha. Musasokoneze, musasinthe ndikusintha.

Mukhoza kuyang'anitsitsa chomeracho kuti muzindikire. zizindikiro za matenda kapena tizirombo.

Maluwa

Kumtchire, kudziko lakwawo nyamakazi imamasula kwambiri, yokongola kwambiri, komanso yayitali kwambiri - kuyambira kasupe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa autumn.

Kunyumba, kuona maluwa a nthumwi caciti sangathe nthawi zonse.

Nthawi zina masamba amodzi amawonekera, koma nthawi zambiri samafika maluwa.

Maluwawo amakhetsedwa, osamera maluwa, kapena amawombera m'malo mwake.

Nchifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika?

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu izi ndizo chosayenera.

Maluwa amtengo wapatali amayamba, kuyambira mu November, ndipo amatha mpaka March.

Komabe, chifukwa cha kusadziŵa zambiri, alimi ambiri samaganizira izi ndipo amachita ndi zomera monga mwachizoloŵezi: Ikani chipinda chimodzimodzi monga chilimwe, tembenukani, madzi.

Chifukwa china - mphika waukulu kwambiri. Pa mizu mmenemo muli malo oti akule, kotero amakula, mmalo mopumula ndi kuika masamba.

Komanso zimapweteka pa pearly peyala kutembenuka kulikonse kuchokera ku malo oyambirira.

Pa mbali yowalayo anayamba kuyala ana, ndipo pambali pamthunzi - masamba. Ndipo maluwayo anaganiza kuti apange malo a zomera.

Ndipo masamba onse, omangidwa mu mthunzi anasanduka ana.

Zotsatira: ana ambiri kumbali zonse, palibe maluwa.

Nthawi zina masamba amayamba kukula patsogolo.

Kudakali nyengo yozizira pa kalendala, nkhalango siimamwe madzi, ndipo masambawo amangouma, osasungunuka.

Kodi mungakwaniritse bwanji maluwa? Kuti mupange pearly pear, pezani zotsatirazi:

mphika ukhale pafupi. Ngakhale mizu ikutuluka kunja kwa dzenje, musayambe kubzala mbewu mpaka mizu idzaze mphika kwathunthu;
chomera chizikhala nyengo yozizira kuphatikizapo madigiri 6 mpaka 10;
kuthirira mapeyala odulidwa kuyambira September, m'nyengo yozizira, musamamwe madzi, kusunga chinyezi cha mpweya, mungagwiritse ntchito chidziwitso;
Ngati dothi likuyamba kuuma, moisten pang'ono koma kamodzi pamwezi;
musatembenuke ndikusuntha pear prickly kumalo ena, ngati mwazifukwa zina mukusowa kukonzanso, ikani kuunika mbali imodzi monga kale;
yang'anani maluwa mosamala m'nyengo yozizira, pamene masamba akuwoneka, yambani kuthirira kalezomwe ziyenera kukhala;
mutatha kutentha, mutengere kutentha, mthunzi kuti musayambe kuyaka ndi kuyanika kwa masamba;
ikani momwe izo zinaliri m'nyengo yozizira, ndiko, mbali yomweyo ku kuwala, chifukwa kumbali iyi maluwa amakula;
Musadye chomera mwamsanga pambuyo pa wintering, kuti asawononge kukula.

Mapangidwe

Mwamsanga mutatha maluwa, muziphwanya zigawo za peckly pears kuti mupereke mawonekedwe okongola.

Zigawo zikulangizeni musadulidwe, ndipo patukani mwapadera.

Mumakonda kunyumba

Kuti ukhale wathanzi, mapeyala amtengo wapatali ayenera kuikidwa m'malo opepuka, mwinamwake adzatambasula ndi kutuluka.

Ngati izi zikuchitika, fufuzani malo owala kwambiri a khungu, dulani zidutswa zomwe zimayambira.

Prickly pear kutentha m'chilimwe - 25 madigiri 30.

Imwani kacisi kamodzi pa sabata.

Kuyambira madzi okwanira mpaka kumtsinje, nthaka iyenera kuuma.

Peyala yamtengo wapatali imasowa mpweya wabwino, choncho mpweya uzikhala nthawi zonse.

Ngati n'kotheka, pangani tsiku kunja pabwalo kapena pamsewu.

Chithunzi

Chithunzichi m'munsimu chikuwonetsa oimira Opuntia cactus:

Kuwaza

Ndikofunika kuika pearry pear pachaka. Kuloweza kulikonse kumachitika mu mphika 1-2 masentimita ochuluka kwambiriza Musatenge nthawi yomweyo, chomeracho chimafuna pang'ono, kotero kuti mbali zonsezi ndi mizu zikhale zofanana.

Malo ochulukirapo mizu adzatsogolera chitukuko chawo mofulumira, pamene korona sidzaphuka.

Mwamsanga mphika wa diameter udzafika masentimita 15kudula kubwezeretsanso mpaka nthawi imodzi mu zaka ziwiri.

Kusindikiza kumachitika ndi njira yosinthira. Musagwedeze nthaka yakale ku mizu, choncho zidzakhala zosavuta kuti chomeracho chilowetse ndikukula.

Mukawona imfa ya mbali zina za muzu, muyenera kuwachotsa, mwinamwake iwo adzawathandiza kukhala ndi thanzi labwino.

Nthaka ya mtundu wa cacti iyenera kukhala ndi dothi - magawo awiri, mchenga - gawo limodzi.

Tengani mchenga wa m'nyanja, nyumba siyigwira ntchito. Kupititsa patsogolo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi deoxidation, ndi zofunika kuwonjezera pang'ono.

Yang'anirani mosamala kuti dziko lapansi liribe zotsalira za mizu yakale, ayenera kukhala ndi fungo lokoma. Asanaikidwe, nthaka imatetezedwa mwa njira yosamba madzi, zouma ndi kutentha.

Kupaka pamwamba

Dyetsani chomera kamodzi pa mwezi, pokhapokha pa nyengo yokula, ndipadera feteleza kwa cacti. Zopangidwe zimafuna phosphorous, potaziyamu.

ZOFUNIKA. Musagwiritsire ntchito feteleza organic kwa cactus. Nayitrogeni imatsutsana, zidzatha kuwonongeka kwa mizu.

Kuswana

Cuttings

Kuberekera kwa peckly pears ndi cuttings kumapangidwa kuchokera ku kasupe mpaka chilimwe, zithunzi ndi mavidiyo pansipa. Phesi imakhala yosasunthika kuchokera kwa kholo loyambira.

Mphukira imachotsedwa ku mphukira yotsatira kapena kuchokera pamwamba. Magawo amathandizidwa ndi makala. Pambuyo pake, gawolo lauma tsiku.

Tsinde likugwedezeka mu mchenga wouma, wokhala ndi chipewa choonekera.

Kutentha pa chithandizo cha kumera palibe madigiri oposa 20.

Pambuyo pa rooting, pita pamalo apamwamba.

Kufesa mbewu

Zapangidwa kuyambira March mpaka May. Pofesa, tenga mphika wathyathyathya, ndi mabowo pansi. Thirani madzi osanjikiza, pa nthaka yosanjikiza, mchenga ndi dothi.

Ndiyenso kuwonjezera makala amtundu wa disinfection.

Lembani nthaka, ndipo tsitsani nyemba zosanjikiza - izi zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi sieve yowopsya.

Mbewu imayambitsidwa kwa tsiku, amathandizidwa kwa mphindi 10 ndi ofooka njira ya potaziyamu permanganatekenako nkuyikidwa kunja kosadziwika mtunda 1 cm kwa wina ndi mzake.

Ndiye grooves mopepuka owazidwa ndi nthaka ndi wothira utsi.

Mitundu yotsatira ya cacti imachulukanso ndi mbewu: Ferocactus, Kubwezeretsa, Cereus, Decembrist.

Phimbani mbaleyo ndi galasi kapena pulasitiki ndikuyike pamalo otentha, owala. Koma osati pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa, kuthetsa kutentha kwenikweni. Mwamba wosanjikiza ayenera kukhala wothira nthawi zonse ndi madzi owiritsa. Kamodzi pamlungu, perekani mbewu m'madzi.

Kuti kumera bwino kukhale kusiyana pakati pa tsiku (25 digrii) ndi usiku madigiri 18-19) kutentha.

Ndi kutuluka kwa mphukira amayamba pang'onopang'ono chizoloŵezi cha mpweya.

Kutsegula koyamba kwa mphindi 5 - 10, ndiye mphindi 20-30 pa tsiku.

Patangopita masiku awiri, galasi imachotsedwa, kubzala mbande usiku.

Kuchokera kuzitentha mbande pritenyayut.

Kusankha kumabereka pamene zomera zimayambitsa zitsamba zoyamba. Achotseni panthaka ndi chitsamba kapena mphanda.

Maiko sakuchotsedwa kumera, mizu imawongoledwa kuti asaweramire mmwamba. Pambuyo pa kusinthitsa, musaike zomera pa dzuwa, musamamwe madzi.

Ngati nkhungu ikuwonekeraawaza pamwamba ndi makala kapena kuwaza ndi mkuwa sulfate yankho.

Katemera

Opuntia ndi katundu wabwino kwambiri. Iyenera kukhala yathanzi, ndi mizu yotukuka bwino.

Katemera amachitika kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, m'mawa, tsiku lotentha. Musanayambe kusinthanitsa katunduyo ndi madzi okwanira.

Tengani tsamba ndi kulipukuta ilo ndi mowa. Dulani pamwamba pa katundu. Muzitsulo kudula gawo lochepa ndi mizu.

Ikani zowonjezera pa katundu popanda kudikira kuti ziume.

Yesetsani kuphatikiza mphete zazingwe ziwirizo. Ngati malowa sagwirizana, sizigwira ntchito.

Pambuyo pa zonse muyenera kusintha. Chitani ndi gulu la rabilo, podutsa. Ikani chidutswa cha thonje pansi pa chingamu. Mmalo mwa chingamu, mungagwiritse ntchito chigambacho.

Pambuyo katemera kapangidwe kake kamaphimbidwa ndi belu ya galasi ndikuyikidwa pamalo otentha. Kotero gwira pafupi masiku 12. Graft cacti musamamwe madzi, ndipo wothira ndi kumizidwa mumadzi.

Pansi pa vidiyoyi tsatanetsatane wa ana obereketsa.

Matenda

Mdani wamkulu wamng'ono prickly peyala - bowakuchititsa kuvunda. Mizu imapangidwa pa mizu, bowa amafalikira ndi liwiro lalikulu. Mabalawo amatembenukira bulauni, ndiye amauma.

Grey kuvunda Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza mapeyala a prickly. Mitundu ya zomera zowola, zikula nkhungu.

Njira zowonjezera zimayambitsidwa ndi kudyetsa kwambiri nthaka kapena matenda ochokera ku zomera zina. Chomera chimatayidwa, sichichiritsidwa.

Pamene malo ochepa a matendawa akuwonekera, zomera zimachizidwa ndi fungicide. Matendawa atapezeka, kachidutswa kameneka kakulekanitsidwa ndi thanzi labwino komanso nthawi yomweyo. Pewani kusonkhanitsa kwathunthu.

Tizilombo

Yambani mwamsanga kabuku katsopano kumene mwapeza ndi galasi lokulitsa kuti musakhalepo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Pa pearly pear ikukula ku Mexico nsabwe za m'masamba zimachulukira mu kuchuluka.

Tinazindikira wina, tichita mwamsanga, popanda kuyembekezera kuchulukitsa kwa tizirombo.

Chovuta kwambiri kuwononga cactus mite.

Kukhalapo kwake kumawonetsedwa ndi maonekedwe omwe amawoneka ngati dzimbiri madontho.

Mukhoza kuchiwonongera ndikumatsuka ndi madzi otentha ndiyeno mukuchiza ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mankhwala oopsa (Fufanon, Aktellik).

Chilombo china ndi nyongolotsi. Muthane naye ndi njira zomwezo.

Zimakhala zovuta kupirira mtima wa b umene wakhazikika muzu. Ponena za kupezeka kwake akuti anasiya kukula kapena kusowa kwa maluwa.

Anawona zofiira zoyera pa mizu - ndizo mphutsi za ngongole. Sambani otentha, madigiri 45, madzi. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa.

Madzi otentha amakupulumutsani ku nematodes. Tizilombo timene timakhala mumzu ndipo timayamwa madzi.

Odziwika pa mizu ya cones kapena ma thomba ofiira - kuwawononga ngati mphutsi za tizilombo.

Aphid - tizilombokuyamwa madzi kuchokera ku Opuntia. Mbalame zotuwa zobiriwira zimapanga madera onse pamphukira, makamaka kumtunda.

Zomwe zimadzaza ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zomera zomwe zimakula panja.

Koma izi zimachitika kuti akazi - namwino, imawuluka kudzera pazenera, kapena imakhala pa chomera kuchokera kwa wina, kachilomboka.

Mkazi wina amapanga mphutsi zambiri.Choncho, izi zimatulutsa mwamsanga opuntia ndipo zimayamba kukoka timadziti.

Nsabwe za m'masamba, zomwe zinkawoneka muzing'ono zing'onozing'ono, zimatha kusweka ndi kuwonongeka. Malo okhudzidwa kwambiri ayenera kuchotsedwa..

Malo omwe mumachotsa nsabwe za m'masamba, musambe ndi madzi ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi sopo.

Kuthamanga kuwononga Aktaroy, Akarinom, Iskra.

Kawirikawiri, malonda amakono amapereka mankhwala ambiri pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo ta mbeu. Chisankho ndi chanu.

Ndipo kuchokera njira zakale zingalimbikitse Karbofos. Pali njira yotchuka yoteteza. Tengani pelargonium onunkhira pafupi ndi pearckly peyala. Nsabwe za m'masamba zidzatha masiku angapo.