Mitundu ya mbatata "Ramona" ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yoyesedwa bwino, yosankhidwa ndi Dutch.
Anaperekedwa ku Russia kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 100 zapitazi, alimi ndi alimi a mbatata ankakonda kulawa, kusungidwa bwino ndi mawonekedwe a tubers.
M'nkhani ino tasonkhanitsa zonse zokhudza mbatatayi - kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana ndi makhalidwe ake, makamaka agrotechnics, chizoloŵezi cha matenda ndi kuukira kwa tizirombo.
Mfundo zambiri
Mitundu yoyambitsa "Ramona" ("Romano") Gulu la mbewu za Dutch seed AGRICO.
Mu 1994, zosiyanasiyana "Ramona" analandira Code №9552996 mu State Register wa Russian Federationkupereka ufulu wogulitsa mbewu m'dziko. Analimbikitsa kulima ku Central, Volga-Vyatka, m'madera akummwera, m'chigawo cha Perm, ku Far East.
Mbatata "Ramona": kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana, chithunzi
"Ramona" pakati pa nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Zokolola za malonda ofunika kwambiri kudzera Patapita masiku 80-100. Kuwomba pamwamba kumachitika masiku 115-130.
Zokwanira zimadalira ubwino wokhalamo, nyengo ya nyengo yolima.
Chitsamba chiri cholimba, chokhalira ndi chamtali. Yakhazikitsidwa mofulumira. Umaso ndi wapamwamba. Zimayambira ndizitali-zazikulu. Maluwawo ndi ofiira kapena ofiira. Corolla wofiirira-wofiirira, wamakono-kakulidwe.
Mazira a pinki ofunika a mawonekedwe ozungulira ozungulira, zazikulu ndi zosapakati mu kukula. Kulemera kwake kwa tuber ndi 70-90 g. Chitsamba chimodzi chimabweretsa mbatata 16-20, ndi kulemera kwathunthu kwa 7-8 makilogalamu. Zamtengo wapereka 90-94%.
Zowirira, peel wamphamvu ya zofiira. Ndi mvula yambiri, imakhala mthunzi wopepuka. Maso amajambulidwa mu thupi la tuber kwa kuya kwakenthu. Maso ali ochepa. Thupi liri loyera ndi tinge yokongola, kapangidwe kakang'ono.
Mitundu ya mbatata "Ramona" imayimira pazithunzi izi:
Zochita zachuma
Zomwe zimachitikira mbatata zosiyanasiyana "Ramona":
- Kusankhidwa mitundu ya mbatata "Ramona" tebulo. Zosakaniza pophika. Thupi limasokonezeka, osati mdima pambuyo pophika, kutentha, kuyaka. Kuwona kwa kukoma mu Registry ndi mfundo za 4.6-4.7 pazitsulo zisanu.
- Nkhani youma ndi yaikulu 16-18%.
- Zomwe zili mu mbatata zosiyanasiyana "Romana" wowuma amaposa chizoloŵezi - 14-17%.
- Kukula kwapamwamba kwa kusunga khalidwe. Kutalika sikukumera panthawi yosungirako. Mafomu 6-8 akuwombera.
- Kukaniza kuwonongeka pa kuyeretsa, kayendedwe, kusungirako.
Werengani zambiri za nthawi ndi kutentha kwa kusungirako mbatata, za mavuto omwe amadza. Ndiponso za momwe mungasunge mizu m'nyengo yozizira, momwe mungachitire mu sitolo ya masamba, mu nyumba ndi m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, pa khonde ndi mabokosi, mufiriji ndi peeled.
Kufunika ndi kuipa
Kusiyanitsa bwino kwambiri kavalidwe ka malonda, zipatso zofanana. Kusalongosola kuti nthaka yayamba. Amalekerera chilala. Kumadera akum'mwera, zosiyanasiyana "Ramona" zimatha kubzala mbewu kawiri. Zokonzeka kukonzekera zopangidwa ndi mankhwala osakaniza, mapepala, mafungo a French.
Zowonongeka zikuphatikizapo kuyambitsidwa koyambirira kwa ma tubers komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndi malonda.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
- Amadziwika ndi golide mbatata nematode.
- Chitetezo chokwanira ku khansara ya mbatata.
- Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa kachilombo A, kupotola masamba.
- Kukaniza Yn kachilombo.
- Medium kukana phytophthora wa tubers, fusarium.
- Matenda osakanikirana ndi tsamba la curl, tsamba lofala.
Werengani zambiri za vuto la mbatata, Alternaria, verticillary wilt.
Mbatata imatsutsa ku Colorado mbatata kachilomboka ndi mphutsi zake, sizikusowa zodzitetezera zapadera pa iwo.
Zizindikiro agrotehnika
Mofanana ndi mitundu yambiri ya Chidatchi, zowonongekaChoncho, mbeu zambewu zimasinthidwa nthawi zonse.
Pokhala ndi ufulu wotsitsimutsa katundu wogulitsa tubers panthawi ya maluwa, amawona zitsamba zamphamvu, zambirimbiri maluwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu za tubers mu 35-55 mm magawo chifukwa chodzala pa hekita ndi ma unit 50,000.
Musanadzalemo, tubers zimamera, kutuluka pamalo otentha kwa milungu 3-4. Mitundu yonse ya tubers iyenera kukhala yofanana ndi maola 8 pa tsiku. M'kati mwake mumakhala chinyezi chabwino cha 85-90%.
Mitundu ikuluikulu ikuluikulu imadulidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi mpeni wodzala mu njira yamphamvu ya potaziyamu permanganate tsiku lisanadze. Kuyala zinthu kumasankhidwa ndi ziphuphu 0.5-1 masentimita.
Kubzala kumapangidwa m'nthaka kutentha kufika ku 15-20 ° С pansi pa ndondomeko ya 60x35 masentimita. Kuyala tubers kumaikidwa, mmagawo - kudula.
Polima kusinthasintha mbewu. M'madera akuluakulu, zokolola zimakula pambuyo pa udzu wosasatha komanso wa pachaka, tirigu, nyemba, nyengo yozizira, fulakesi, colza, phacelia, ndi kugwiriridwa.
Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu za agrophysical zolemera, dongo dothi m'dzinja kukumba kuwonjezera mtsinje mchenga, nkhuni phulusa. Kukonzanso kachikale kasupe kumapereka ammonium nitrate kapena ammonium nitrate, urea (10 g / m²).
Momwe madzi akuyambira pansi pamapezeka Ramon bwino kubzala mumtunda. Izi zidzakuthandizani kupeza mpweya wa oxygen ku mizu, kuchepetsa kugonjetsedwa kwa tubers ndi matenda a fungal.
Agronomists amalangiza kuyendetsa zitunda zoyenda kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo. Choncho mbatata imatenga dzuwa.
Pa loamy, dothi lolemera, tubers imabzalidwa mumabowo 6-8 masentimita kuya. Kuya kwake kwa mchenga, dothi la mchenga ndi masentimita 8 mpaka 10. Kuteteza kuyanika kwa tubers m'madera ndi kuwonjezeka kwanyengo kwa nyengo mpaka masentimita 12-15
"Ramona" nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi mbatata nematode. Pofuna kuteteza matenda ndi chitetezo ku mphutsi za wireworm, cockchafer, alimi omwe amadziwa bwino mbatata amalimbikitsa kuti azikhala ndi adyo pang'ono, pelic anyezi m'mitsinje iliyonse.
Pa nyengo yonse yokula Ramone mpaka kutsegula zisanu kufunikira. Pamene kutuluka kwa nthaka kumapangidwe, isanafike kutuluka kwa mphukira, dothi limanyodola. Spud 2-3 nthawi ya chilimwe - mwadongosolo kapena ndi thandizo la kuyenda-kuseri kwa thirakitala.
Mitundu ya mbatata "Ramona" amapanga tubers komanso nthaka yochepa. Mu chilala, nthawi imodzi yothirira pakati pa mizere ya masiku 7-10 ndi yokwanira. Kuphatikizana kumathandiza kuteteza kubzala namsongole.
Kupititsa patsogolo ubwino wa mankhwala nthawi ya maluwa, kuchapa tubers zomera zothandizira ndi nayitrogeni kapena mankhwala owonjezera. Pamene kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa tchire pamene akumangiriza masamba ndi 0.05% amadzimadzi njira zamkuwa sulfate, nthaka sulfuric asidi, boric asidi, zokolola kumawonjezeka ndi 8-10%.
Werengani zambiri za momwe mungadyetse mbatata, ndi feteleza omwe ali abwino, nthawi komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito, momwe mungachitire bwino pamene mukudzala.
Werengani nkhani zothandiza komanso zochititsa chidwi za mbatata zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana: Chitukuko cha Dutch ndi chisamaliro cha mitundu yoyambirira, momwe mungapezere mbewu yabwino popanda kupalira ndi kupuma. Komanso kusiyana pakati pa njira zotere: pansi pa udzu, mu mbiya, m'matumba, mabokosi.
Ngakhale ali ndi zokolola zambiri, "Ramona" anagwidwa pamudzi chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa, kulekerera kwa chilala, kulekerera kwabwino kwa matenda ndi matenda a Colorado mbatata, zabwino kwambiri.
Mukufuna kudziwa solanine yowopsa mu mbatata, ndi maiko omwe amakula kwambiri ndiwo ndiwo zamasamba komanso momwe angasinthire malondawa kuti akhale bizinesi yopindulitsa? Werengani nkhaniyi m'nkhani zathu.
