Anthu omwe amakonda zamasamba ndi kuswana zomera, amayang'ana zomera zatsopano zosonkhanitsa. Rhododendron ya Ledebour ikhoza kukhala yosangalatsa kwambiri. Chomera chokhala ndi dzina labwino komanso zosakongola kwambiri, rhododendron imadziwika chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa komanso maluwa oyambirira. Ndi bwino kutulutsa m'nyengo yozizira, pamene zomera zina zimagona tulo, kapena zimasiyidwa pamtunda - shrub iyi imatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri. Tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino - funsani momwe mungabzalitsire maluwa awa, monga amachitcha anthu ndi chifukwa chake ndi otchuka kwambiri m'maluwa okongola.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Rhododendron Ledebour (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti wild rosemary ndi maral) ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa shrub wobadwa ku Altai, umene mwachilengedwe umangokhala m'chigawo cha subalpine ndipo umatetezedwa m'madera otetezedwa. Poyamba kuchokera ku banja la Heather, rhododendron imakula kufika mamita limodzi ndi hafu ndipo ili ndi nthambi zochepa. Dzina lake limapangidwa ndi mawu awiri achi Greek akuti "rodon" ndi "dendron" - "rose" ndi "mtengo".
Mphukira yazing'ono nthawi zonse imakhala ndi mandimu yobiriwira, omwe ali achikulire ndi ofiira-bulauni ndi bulauni. Masamba pa mphukira kukula zofewa, kuwala kwa azitona, kupiringa mu tubules ndi mphamvu frosts ndi kutseguka kokha nyengo yofunda. Zimagwa pamene chitsamba chimayamba kumasula nthambi zatsopano. Rhododendron maluwa - yake yaikulu mwayi. Zili zazikulu, mpaka masentimita asanu, zonyezimira, nthawi zina palinso pinki. Rhododendron limamasula kawiri - mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Amapereka chipatso mwa mawonekedwe a mabokosi.
Ndikofunikira! Kumalo otchedwa rosemary nthawi yamaluwa imasintha - choyamba, wochulukira maluwa, ndiye scanty. Motero chitsamba chimakhala. Poyerekezera maluwa ndi mlingo wokhala wobiriwira, phulani maluwa osweka nthawi yomweyo atatha. Chitsamba chidzapatsa mphamvu zake zonse kukula ndikupanga maluwa atsopano, osati kusunga akale.
Kusankha malo okhala
Rhododendron imamva bwino pa dothi lopanda miyala. Izi ndi momwe zimamera kuthengo. Sankhani penumbra kwa maral, malo otetezedwa ndi nthambi za mitengo ndi zitsamba zina popanda ma drafts. Mitundu imeneyi imakonda chinyezi ndi kuzizira bwino - zabwino ngati pali dziwe kapena nyanja pafupi. Mitengo ikuluikulu ya maluwa imapereka chitsamba, ndipo imafunika kuunika kwambiri.
Ma maral ali ndi mizu yovuta - imbani pansi pa mitengo ndi mizu yomwe imapita mozama kuti zomera zisasokonezane. Mitengo yabwino kwambiri - oyandikana ndi mitengo ya pine, msuti ndi mitengo yamaluwa. Kuyika kungapangidwe ngati chobzala chitsamba chimayamba kufuna.
Monga rhododendron, banja la nthenga limaphatikizapo nkhono, azalea, arbutus wild rosemary, mtengo wa sitiroberi, Erica.
Kusankha bwino mitengo yamtengo wapatali pa kugula
Rhododendron Ledebour - mitundu yambiri yopanda chisanu. Mutha kusankha izo muzinyumba, kapena mu zovomerezeka, kapena pa chiwonetserocho. Anamwino ndi ovomerezeka ndi odalirika - anthu oyenerera amagwira ntchito kumeneko kuti akuthandizeni kusankha chingwe chabwino cha Ledebour ndikulangizani kuti mubzala ndikumusamalira. Pa masewero omwe mungagule ngati muli kale kale mmunda. Ngati mumagonjetsa chisangalalo chachikulu, mungasankhe chomera chofooka chomwe sichikugwirizana ndi ziyembekezero, ngati chimayamba mizu.
Mukudziwa? Chikhalidwe chakummawa chimayang'ana rhododendron chizindikiro cha kunyenga kwa akazi ndi zosangalatsa zakuthupi. Fungo lake losayembekezereka limagwirizanitsidwa ndi chilakolako ndi chikhumbo.
Ngati mumagula chitsamba chokhala ndi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, khalani ndi mphukira ndi masamba. Payenera kukhala ndi mphukira zambiri, ndi kukula kwambiri. Pa masamba simungakhale mabelters, mawanga, madontho - ichi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda ndi majeremusi. Yang'anani mizu, iyenera kukhala yosalala, popanda mbee ndi mfundo. Zinyama zimakula mwa kudula komanso kuchokera ku mbewu. Dothi limathamangitsidwa kumtunda wa masentimita 20, nyemba zimakhala ndi nthawi yoti zimere mpaka khumi ndi zisanu. Uwu ndi kutalika kwa malo otseguka, m'minda yobiriwira, rhododendron imakula mosavuta, koma kenako imakula, choncho sankhani mmera wochepa.
Njira yolowera mofulumira
Mu nthaka yotseguka rhododendron yabzalidwa nthawi iliyonse, kupatula maluwa. Sankhani mwezi wokondweretsa kwambiri kuyambira March mpaka Oktoba. Nthaka idzakhala yolemera mu peat, yowonongeka, kotero chemba dzenje lakuya kwambiri kuposa theka la mamita lakuya, lalikulu masentimita 60 ndipo lidzaze ndi peat ndi dothi mu chiwerengero cha 4: 1. Ram mu dzenje nthaka kusakaniza, kukumba dzenje mmenemo kubzala zitsamba. Ndibwino kuti musabzale shrub ndi mchere wokonzeka wa dziko lapansi - choyamba muyike mu tangi ndi madzi mpaka mizu isaleke kutulutsa mpweya. Tumizani shrub kunthaka ndi kutsanulira ndi gawo lapansi mpaka muzu wonse uli pansi. Gwiritsani ntchito mchenga pansi pa nthaka, kuonjezerani zambiri, pansi pa mizu yanu, ndikutsanulira madzi ochulukirapo pamtunda ngati nthaka yayuma.
Tikukulangizani kuti muphunzire momwe mungamere mitengo yambiri ku Siberia, dera la Moscow ndi Leningrad
Mzu wa rhododendron ndi wopepuka komanso wovuta. Zingakhale bwino ngati mutaphimba pamwamba ndi munda wa mulch - nthambi zakudulidwa ndi makungwa a mtengo. Moss ndi singano zimakonzedweratu pachifukwa ichi. Thirani mzere wa mulch pafupifupi masentimita asanu 5. Fufuzani mchimanga shrub, dulani maluwa ndi masamba, kotero kuti kutaya kwa mbeu kumaloledwa kuti asapunde, koma kuti muzuke. Ngati palibe malo opanda mphepo pa chiwembu, ndipo chitsamba chimasungidwa, chemba ndodo pafupi nayo. Pamene chitsamba chimayamba, mukhoza kuchimba.
Gwiritsani ntchito yokongoletsera ulimi
Malo okhala ndi malo obirira amagwiritsira ntchito rhododendron pamlingo wokwanira wa maluwa. Tchire chomera bwino ndi zabwino kwa minda yaing'ono, m'minda yayikulu ya maral sichidulidwa kuti ikule. Magulu a tchirewa amafesedwa pamsewu, ndipo amapanga zofiira zofiirira. Okonza amasakaniza mitundu ndi nthawi zosiyanasiyana maluwa kuti munda ukhale pachimake kuyambira kasupe mpaka autumn. Pakatikati pa nyimbo zapamwamba zitsamba zimabzalidwa, pafupi ndi m'mphepete - zotsika kuti zitheke.
Rhododendron ya Ledebour imawonekera mochititsa chidwi motsutsana ndi maziko a mitengo ya coniferous - palibe kufotokozera kudzakhala kokwanira. Ndi kofunikira kuti muwone. Kwa mlingo wamunsi wa zokongoletsa kutenga msipu ndi udzu osatha. Maral amabzalidwa mosiyana ndi zinthu zina za m'munda - mabedi a maluwa ndi akasupe, kuti asasokoneze chidwi kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Kumalo otchuka kwambiri pafupi ndi khonde kapena malo ogona pansi. Zithunzi za alpine zimangotenga mitundu yokha, koma nthawi zonse zimabzalidwa m'magulu.
Ndikofunikira! Kawirikawiri, rhododendron imakhudza matenda a fungal of nature. Oipa kwambiri ndi chlorosis ndi dzimbiri. Pofuna kuteteza zomera kuti zisamwalire, zizitsuke ndi mkuwa sulphate ndi kuwonjezera chelate zitsulo kumadzi omwe mumamwa madzi.
Malangizo Othandizira
Ledum ndi wodzichepetsa, chinthu chachikulu kwa iye ndi malo osankhidwa bwino. Ndondomeko za chisamalirochi zimayendera ndondomeko: kuthirira, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kudulira akufa mphukira ndi masamba, kumasula nthaka ndikudyetsa ngati pakufunika.
Kuthirira
Madzi a rosemary amafunikira madzi komanso madzi ofewa okha. Mukhoza kusonkhanitsa madzi amvula, mutha kusonkhanitsa patsogolo pa nthawi ndikuyima ndi peat kuti muonjeze asidi. Mukakhala ndi madzi okwanira kwambiri, chitsamba chidzakula bwino chaka chamawa. Musati mutsegulire chomeracho, onetsetsani kuti mizu siimapanga makoswe. Kufunika kwa ulimi wa ulimi wa rhododendron umatsimikiziridwa ndi masamba - amafota ngati pali kusowa kwa chinyezi. Mu kutentha kwakukulu, chitsamba chidzapulumutsidwa mwafupipafupi kupopera mbewu kuchokera ku mfuti yamtundu ndi mthunzi wina.
Kupalira
Namsongole anachotsa mizu ya rosemary potulutsa zakudya m'nthaka. Pali zitsamba zomwe zimamenyana ndi namsongole, koma zimakhala zodula, ndipo sizidziwika momwe chitsamba chidzachitire. Choncho, njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera kuperekera mankhwala. Ngati nthawi zina amasula nthaka ndi kutaya, namsongole omwe sali kukula adzagwa chifukwa ndi zovuta kwambiri kuwononga namsongole wamsongole. Chinthu chachikulu - musayese mizu ya wild rosemary. Mulch wandiweyani ndi mulingo wabwino woteteza. Musaiwale kumwa madzi a mulch chitsamba, monga chinyontho chimadutsa pang'onopang'ono kudzera mu makungwa ndi makoswe.
Kupaka pamwamba
Rhododendrons amafunika kudyetsa zina nthawi zonse, ngakhale m'chaka chomwe anabzala. Yabwino ndi kuyamwa kwa nyama ndi pfupa kapena manyowa a ng'ombe. Kutayika kwa anthu ndi nyama zoweta sizidzachita - zimangosokoneza nthaka. Sungani chitsamba panthawi ya kukula kwa mphukira zazing'ono, ndiye zimafunikira zakudya zina zambiri. Lembani manyowa kapena ufa ndi madzi ozizira mu chiŵerengero cha 1:15 ndikubweretsamo.
Mukudziwa? Mu 401 BC. er Gulu lachigriki linagonjetsedwa pambuyo pa nkhondo ndi Aperisi kudutsa ku Caucasus, pamphepete mwa ziphuphu. Kuwotchedwa ndi njira yayitali ndi nkhondo yopambana, oyendayenda amapunthwa m'matanthwe ming'oma yamtambo yodzazidwa ndi uchi. Iwo adakalipira pazinthu zosangalatsa zomwe sizinachitikepo, koma atagwedezeka, adagwidwa ndi ziwonongeko zoopsa. Asilikaliwo adatha kupitiriza ulendo wawo patapita masiku angapo. Uchi umene ankadya unali mtundu wa uchi wofiira womwe unkapezeka ku Pontic-grade rhododendrons, mungu umene umakhala ndi poizoni wapadera.
Gwiritsani ntchito mineral feteleza mosamala, zomwe zimakhudza nthaka. Nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi sulphate ya potaziyamu - njira yabwino yodyera. Wina superphosphate adzachita. Mlingo wochepa kwambiri umatengedwa: mpaka 40 g pa 1 mita imodzi. M chiwembu chisanafike maluwa ndi 20 g - pambuyo.
Kudulira
Pofuna kudulira kudulira sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito - chitsamba chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Kudulira kungathe kuyendetsa kutalika kwa kukula ndikusintha zitsamba zakale. Dulani mdima ndi zouma zowuma kumayambiriro kwa masika, chisankhulire chisanatuluke. Ngati nthambi zakula kuposa 2 cm, mdulidwe uyenera kuvala ndi varion kuti madzi a masika asawonongeke. Maluwa othamanga amathetsedwa nthawi yomweyo, kuti masamba a chitsamba amere masamba atsopano.
Zima
Pakatikati ndi magulu a kumwera, mtengo wa maraliti umakhala bwino ngakhale wopanda pogona - chimvula choopsa chimangovulaza maluwa omwe akuphuka. Olima m'minda yozizira ayenera kusamalira tchire lawo. Kawirikawiri, maral ndi yophimba kapena nsalu yowonjezera yozizira, yomwe kale inali nayo nthambi ya spruce ndi pine spruce ya kutsekemera kwa mafuta kutentha pakati pa mphukira za chitsamba. Nsalu imachotsedwa kuchokera pamwamba ndi zingwe - osati zolimba, koma kuti chitsamba chikhalebe mulu. Osati unwind maralnik mpaka kasupe, chotsani burlap ndi kuyamba kwa masiku oyambirira otentha pamene chisanu chiyamba kusungunuka.
Zinthu zoberekera
Pali njira zitatu zobweretsera mbeu zowonjezera, mbeu, ndikuyala. Kufalitsa mbewu kumakhala kovuta kwambiri komanso kosatha. Zomera zomwe zimatha kumakula zimakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimakula ndikusowa chithandizo chosayenera. Kudula - njirayi si yosavuta, koma yowonjezeranso bwino: tchire wamkulu wochokera ku cuttings amakula mokwanira, onse kukula ndi inflorescences.
Ndikofunikira! Mbande ya rhododendron imayenera kukula kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kufikira chaka, ndipo imatha pachimake chaka chachisanu ndi chimodzi kapena chisanu ndi chitatu chitatha pansi. Zidzakhala zosavuta komanso mwamsanga kugula sapling yokonzeka kapena kufalitsa mbewu mwanjira ina.
Kuyika
Njira yofulumira kwambiri komanso yowonjezereka yofalitsira kanyumba ndikutenga achinyamata, amphamvu kuthawa. Mukakhala ndi mphukira zambiri kumapeto kwa nyengo, maluwa anu atsopano amatha kumapeto kwa nyengoyi. Choyamba muyenera kuwona mphukira zamphamvu, zowonongeka ndi kukumba pafupi ndi iwo ndi masentimita 15. Kenaka muyenera kugubuduza mphukira ndikuzigwirizanitsa pakati. Pamwamba pa malo osungirako muyenera kutsanulira dothi losakanizidwa ndi peat, komanso pafupi ndi galimoto. Nkhumba izi zidzathandizira pa mphukira zazing'ono, zomwe zimapangidwira pang'onopang'ono ndikuphatikizidwa ndi chithandizo.
Pa nthawi zonse za maluwa ndi pakati pawo nkofunikira kuthira madzi onse ku chitsamba chachikulu ndi malo ophatikizira mphukira pansi. Madzi ndi peat amachititsa kutuluka kwa mizu pa mphukira ndi mizu yake. Mu kugwa, mudzatha kusiyanitsa mphukira zazing'ono kuchokera ku chitsamba cha mayi ndi secator ndi kuzibzala m'malo atsopano. Njira iyi ndi yabwino kwa kuphweka kwake komanso kuchuluka kwake kwa rooting achinyamata mphukira.
Cuttings
Kuti kusonkhanitsa kukhale kovuta, rhododendron iyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, muyenera kusankha nthambi zamphamvu, zomwe zinayamba kuzikhala ndi makungwa olimba. Ndiye amafunika kudula cuttings, aliyense 5-7 masentimita yaitali, ndi tsiku kupirira magawo muzu kukula stimulator. Pamene mizu ikuyamba kupanga mu cuttings, iyenera kutumizidwa ku bokosi liri ndi mchenga wosakaniza (3: 1 chiŵerengero) pansi pa chivundikiro cha polyethylene. Mu zokometsera zowonjezera zowonjezera zitsamba muyenera kudula.
Mukudziwa? Katswiri wa sayansi ya ku Britain, George Forest, kuti apeze mitundu yatsopano ya nyamakazi, adakumana ndi mayesero osaneneka m'chilimwe cha 1905. Mwadzidzidzi, iye anali pakati pa mkangano pakati pa ansembe a ku Tibetan ndi amishonale a Britain. Poika chiopsezo choti aphedwe, nkhalango inayendayenda kumapiri a Himalaya kwa milungu ingapo, kutayika anthu kuchokera kumsasa kufikira wina atasiyidwa yekha. Anakwanitsa kudutsa mudzi wina wokhala ndi anthu abwino, omwe adamunyamula kudutsa pamtunda ndikuwonetsa njira. Ulendo umenewu unalephera, koma kwa zaka zonsezi za moyo wake, Forest inakonza maulendo asanu ndi awiri ndikuwonetsa dziko lapansi kuposa mitundu mazana atatu ya zomera zodabwitsa izi.
Ma margar otchedwa green maral amagwiritsa ntchito nthaka yaitali kuposa miyezi isanu ndi theka, motero. Chotsatira chimabwera malo okulera, kumene mphukira zimapangidwira mabokosi osiyana ndi peat ndi singano (chiŵerengero cha 2: 1). Mwa iwo, maral akukhala m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa nyengo imabzalidwa mwachindunji m'nthaka ndi bokosi kuti mizu iwonongeke. Kumeneko amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zatsopano, chifukwa m'nyengo yozizira amabwezeretsedwa kumalo ake, ndipo m'chaka chachitatu amamuika pamalo otseguka.
Monga mukuonera, rhododendron ya Ledebour ndi chomera chopanda nzeru. Ngakhale wokongola. Mphamvu yake yodabwitsa yakuphuka kawiri pa nyengo imalipira ntchito yonse yomwe idaperekedwa. Rhododendron ikuwoneka bwino kwambiri pa mapiri a Alpine, ndi pafupi ndi malo okongola kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti ndi chisomo chake, amalekerera chisanu cholimba ndipo amapereka mphukira zothandizira. Kumbukirani malamulo a chisamaliro cha rhododendron ndi zizindikiro za kubereka. Mutagula zingapo zing'onozing'ono m'mimba yosungirako ana, mudzatha kuzichulukitsa mu chiwembu chanu kwa zaka zingapo ndikupanga chitsamba chokongola cha phunziro lanu la kunyada ndi chimwemwe chanu.
