Cyclamen: chisamaliro chakunyumba

Maluwa owala komanso okongola amasiyanasiyana pakati pa mbewu zamkati cyclamen kapena mapira a alpine. Nthawi zambiri, atagula ndi kutha maluwa, amwalira msanga. Pazifukwa izi, chisamaliro cha kunyumba chimawonedwa chovuta. Koma ndi bungwe loyenera kulimapo, limatha kukula zaka 10, limaphuka chaka chilichonse.

Kufotokozera

Ichi ndi maluwa osatha a banja la primrose. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba ndi maluwa owoneka ndi mtima pamiyendo yayitali. Podutsa, amafika masentimita 8, kuyambira oyera mpaka papo. Fungo la cyclamen limakhalapobe komanso losakhwima.

Pali mitundu yopitilira 20 yamtunduwu. Amasiyana kutalika kuyambira 15 cm mpaka 35 masentimita, kupezeka kwa terry ndi maluwa osavuta. Malo omwe cyclamen adabadwira ndi Mediterranean. Koma popita nthawi, adafalikira m'maiko ambiri.

Amakula ku Spain, Iraq, kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa Africa. Ku Russia imapezeka pagombe la Black Sea.

Persian ndi European cyclamen, chithunzi chawo

Ochita maluwa amalimbikitsa kubzala kunyumba ku Europe (blushing) ndi mitundu ya ku Persia. European

Wotsirizira amakhala wodekha kunyumba. Ali ndi masamba okongola. Maluwa ndi akulu, osalimba. Mtengowo ndi wamtali mpaka 30 cm.

Mitundu yaku Europe ya alpine violets imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Maluwa ndi ochepa koma owala. Ndikosavuta kumusamalira, popeza alibe gawo lopuma.

Obereketsa obereketsa akuyesa kubzala mitundu ina kunyumba, mwachitsanzo, ivy, Kretani, ndi Kos. Koma amafunikira mikhalidwe yovuta, izi zimalepheretsa kugawidwa kwawo kambiri. Chipereya

A Dachnik akufotokoza: nthawi zochitika za cyclamen

Mwachilengedwe, cyclamen ili ndi magawo atatu a chitukuko. M'dzinja, duwa limakula mwachangu, limamasula mwachangu nthawi yozizira, ndipo limapumula nthawi yotentha komanso yophukira. Kuzungulira uku ndikusiyana ndi mitundu wamba. Koma izi zimapangitsa kuti mapiri a alpine azioneka okongola, chifukwa ndizomera zochepa zomwe zimakondweretsa diso nthawi yozizira.

Zophatikiza mitundu yophukira chaka chonse chakhala chikugulitsidwa.

Zovuta za cyclamen amasamalira kunyumba

Gwirani ntchito ndi cyclamen mosamala, ichi ndi chomera chakupha.

Ndikwabwino kuvala magolovu kuti pasakhale mkwiyo. Ikani mphikawo m'malo osavomerezeka kwa ziweto ndi ana aang'ono.

Njira zofunika pakusamalira mbewu:

Parameti	Zochitika
Malo	Malo abwino kwambiri angakhale pazenera loyang'ana kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. Kumtunda wakumwera, mbewuyo izafunikira kuzidutswa masana; kumpoto sikudzakhala ndi dzuwa lokwanira kukula. Mutha kukumba m'munda muchilimwe, koma potetezedwa ndi dzuwa. Zojambula ndizotsutsana, ngakhale mpweya watsopano umakhala wopindulitsa. M'nyengo yozizira, mphika amafunika kuyikidwa kutali ndi mabatire otentha ndikuyipititsa kumadera osiyanasiyana.
Kuwala	Mugawo la maluwa, ndibwino kuti muziyika m'malo owala. M'chilimwe, kuyatsa sikufunanso. Mutha kuyika maluwa pawindo lakumpoto kapena pamalo amdima. Koma kuwala pang'ono kwa dzuwa kuyenera kumera. Ikukonzekera maluwa otsatira, kupeza mphamvu ndi mapindu ake, kuphatikiza ndi dzuwa.
Kutentha	Zomera zimakonda kuzizira. Amamva kutentha pa + 17 ... +12 ºC usiku. M'nyengo yozizira, cyclamen iyenera kutetezedwa ku ma radiators otentha, ndi chilimwe ku kutentha. Ngati sizotheka kusunga kutentha komwe mukufuna, nthawi ya maluwa imachepa.
Chinyezi	English violet imafunikira chinyezi chachikulu. Kunyumba, chimamera nyengo yotentha. Osapopera kuchokera ku mfuti yokuthira. Madontho a brown azikhala pamasamba. Muyenera kuyika chidebe ndi duwa papallet ndi dongo kapena thonje lonyowa, mutha kuyikha makapu ndi madzi kuti asanduke pang'ono pafupi.
Kuthirira	Kutsirira kumatengera mzere wa chitukuko. Panthawi yopumula, chinyezi sichimaleka, ndizosatheka kuti nthaka ikhale youma. Pakatuluka maluwa, kuthirira kumawonjezeka, koma popanda chinyezi chambiri. Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa hydrate kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, koma osayima kwathunthu. Mbali yamtundu imafa, koma mizu imafuna chinyezi. Madzi osachokera kumwamba, koma poto.
Dothi	Dothi limafunikira pang'ono acidic, pH pafupifupi 5. Kuti mudzikonzekere, sakanizani mchenga wofanana, peat, kamba ndi dothi lamasamba. Pogula, mutha kutenga dothi lapadziko lonse lapansi ndi acidity acidity. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mchenga pang'ono mwaiwo kuti madzi abwerere.
Ntchito feteleza	Feteleza wa Universal ndi woyenera kudyetsa (Pokon yamaluwa, maluwa a Uniflor). M'dzinja ndi nthawi yachisanu, muyenera kudyetsa 1 m'masabata awiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, padzakhala masamba ambiri, koma maluwa sadzawoneka. M'chilimwe, mbewuyo siumuna, kuti isavulaze, musaphwanye pafupipafupi kukula.

Tikufika

Ndikofunika kuti ndikusinthira chomeracho osaposanso kamodzi zaka zitatu zilizonse m'zigawo za kudzutsidwa, ndiko kuti, koyambilira kwa nthawi yophukira. Pakadali pano, masamba okula ayamba kale kukhala otakataka, koma masamba akutulutsa.

Cyclamen safuna mphika wawukulu. Zomwe zimayambira sizifalikira voliyumu yonse, chifukwa, kukula ndi maluwa kumachepera.

Njira yabwino kwambiri yazomera zamtundu uwu ndi chidebe chomwe chimawoneka ngati mbale yotsekera.

Poto yatsopano iliyonse mukamabisala iyenera kukhala yayikulu masentimita 2-3. Siyani masentimita 2,5 mpaka 2 kuchokera kumakoma kupita ku ma tubers. Onetsetsani kuti mwadzaza ngalande.

Lisanabwezeretsedwe, dothi liyenera kukhala losawilitsidwa. Kuti tichite izi, zimayatsidwa, kutentha mu uvuni kapena kuzizira nthawi yozizira m'mlengalenga. Njira yachangu kwambiri yothanulira madzi otentha panthaka. European

Thambo la cyclamen limafanana ndi chimodzimodzi ndi mbewu zina zamkati. Tubers mu biennial maluwa kwathunthu yokutidwa ndi dothi. Muzoyerekezera zakale, gawo lachitatu limatsalira pamtunda. Poika mbewu, yang'anirani mizu mosamala. Dulani mbali zowola ndi mpeni, kuwaza ndi piritsi yophwanyidwa ya kaboni kapena mafuta ndi wobiriwira wonyezimira.

Asanapangidwe masamba oyamba, pafupifupi masiku 10, duwa silifunikira kuthirira. Koma iyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa lowala ndikusowa chinyezi.

Cyclamen yomwe idagulidwa imasinthidwa pomwepo, ngakhale nthawi yomwe idakula. Mizu ya kupha tizilomboti imanyowa kwa maola awiri mu njira yodera ya potaziyamu. Ndiye kuchuluka komweko mu kukula biostimulator, mwachitsanzo, Kornevin.

Kuswana

Zomera zimatha kufalikira ndikugawa tuber ndi mbewu zokulira. Omwe ali ndi maluwa okonda maluwa amakonda kudzipatula posankha mbewu ndi kumera. Pochita izi, kumera kosavomerezeka kwa mbewu zogulidwa kumadziwika, koma kumatengedwa ndi manja awoawo.

Kuti zitheke bwino, mungu wochokera m'maluwa a cyclamens wina umasamutsidwira m'manja mwa ena ndi burashi yofewa. Chitani masiku angapo.

Ngati zonse zidayenda bwino, ndiye kuti peduncle idzasokonekera - ikhala yayikulu, yopotoza. Kupangika kwa mwana wosabadwa komanso kucha kwa mbewu kumapitilira kwa nthawi yayitali. Bokosi limapangidwa pamera pomwe mbewu zakezo zidzakhalamo. Samafunikira kuti ziume kuti zisafike kumera. Musanabzale, zilowerereni tsiku limodzi mu yankho la biostimulant ndi makristali atatu a potaziyamu.

Chidebe chathyathyathya chimayenera kudzazidwa ndi dothi, chonyowa komanso chopindika. Bzalani mbeu zogawana. Thirani mchenga wabwino 1 cm. Phimbani chidebe ndi zojambulazo, galasi. Chomera sichifunikira kuwunika isanatuluke, koma ndikofunikira kusunga kutentha + 18 ... +20 ºC. Pansi pa + 18 ºC mbewuzo zivunda, pa +20 ºC adzapuma. Muyenera kupeza malo pakati kuti muthe kumera bwino.

Tsiku lililonse ndikofunikira kupatsirana chimbudzi, ndipo ngati chouma, utsi kuchokera ku mfuti yokula. Zimatha kuchitika mwezi umodzi, nthawi zina zingapo. Zimatengera mtundu wamaluwa.

Mphukira zomwe zimawonekera zimatulutsa kuwala, koma osati pansi pa dzuwa. Kutentha kumachepetsedwa kukhala + 15 ºC. Tsamba loyamba lisanaphuke, dziko lapansi limanyowa tsiku lililonse. Pambuyo pakupanga masamba a 2-3 (Disembala), mbani pansi ndi kubzala m'miyala yaying'ono ya pulasitiki. Pakatha sabata, amadyetsedwa feteleza wamafuta aliwonse, pomwe amachepetsa ndende ndi theka. Pakati pa kasupe wa chaka chamawa, kubzala m'miphika ya m'miyeso yoyenera ndikofunikira. Pafupifupi miyezi 15 mutabzala mbewu, cyclamen idzakondweretsa maluwa oyamba. Chipereya

Njira yamasamba ndizosavuta. Otchedwa "makanda" amapangidwira pa tuber, ndiye kuti, zophukira zachilendo.

Njira yofalitsira ku tuber:

Chomera chimayenera kuchotsedwa mosamala pansi, ndikugwedezeka pang'ono, ndi mpeni kuti mulekanitse "ana".
Ikani pambali kuti ziume.
Mafuta pamwamba pa magawo pa tuber ndi zobiriwira.
"Ana" amafunika kuti abzalidwe mumiphika yaying'ono, yokutidwa ndi dothi pazomera zazikulu.
Madzi pang'ono pang'ono mpaka masamba atsopano awonekere.
Sungani zodula mu mpweya wouma ndi cheza cha dzuwa.

Tuber imodzi imadulidwanso zidutswa pofalikira. Koma pamwamba pamakhala malo okula; pamene adula, nthawi zambiri imawonongeka. Zomera zatsopano zimatha kudyeka ndikufa zisanakhale zamphamvu. Ivy

Matenda ndi tizirombo ta cyclamen

Kusamalira kusaphunzira kumabweretsa matenda. Kuchokera pagome ndizosavuta kudziwa zomwe zidachitika kwa cyclamen.

Zizindikiro	Chifukwa	Njira kukonza
Gray zowola. Masamba ofewa, mawonekedwe a imvi pansipa.	Chinyezi chachikulu, chovala chapamwamba chowonjezera, kuthirira kambiri.	Ikani maluwa, kuchepetsa kuthirira, kuchitira ndi Fundazole.
Rhizoctonia zowola. Utoto woyera, wokuta.	Dothi limakhala lonyowa, kutentha, kusowa chinyezi.	Kuchepetsa kuthirira, kukonza ngalande zadothi. Ikani chomera, gwiritsani ntchito Rovral.
Chovunda. Masamba amauma, pamwamba pa tuber amadzizunzika.	Kuipitsa kwa dothi.	Ikani chomera, gwiritsani nthaka ndi fungicides.
Fusarium wilt. Tembenukani chikasu, masamba auma, babuwo amakhudzidwa.	Kuipitsa kwa dothi.	Zochita sizimabweretsa zotsatira zabwino.

Kos

Pafupi ndi maluwa omwe ali ndi kachilombo, tizirombo timatsutsana ndi masamba athanzi. Izi sizidziwika nthawi zonse kwa osamalira maluwa osadziwa zambiri. Gometsani lithandizanso kulabadira mwachangu zizindikiro za tizirombo ndikupulumutsa cyclamen.

Mawonekedwe pamasamba	Chifukwa	Njira kukonza
Wovala zokutira pachomera. Zapotozedwa.	Ma nsabwe. Kupatsira, mbewu ndi yofooka.	Kukonza ndi yankho sopo, Actellik.
Phula limapindika, maluwa amatayidwa. Pali chosintha.	Chingwe cha cyclamen. Palibe chinyezi chokwanira, matenda atizilombo atuluka.	Chotsani masamba omwe ali ndi kachilombo, utsi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Zomera zimakhala zomata. Malo owala, mapepala amawoneka.	Chotchinga. Mpweya wouma kwambiri, matendawa apezeka.	Muzimwa mowa komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Pali zopindika, zoyera, ndi zokutira za siliva.	Zopatsa. Chinyezi chochepa.	Chithandizo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.