Achimenez ndi wa banja la a Gesnerius. Amamera m'malo otentha a South ndi Central America, Brazil. Mitundu ili ndi mitundu yoposa 50. Ngati musamalira bwino chomerachi, chimakupatsirani masamba okongola, kunyumba. Chifukwa chake, nyumba ndi maofesi nthawi zambiri amakongoletsa duwa.
Kufotokozera kwa Achimenes
Ahimenez ndi herbaceous osatha. Kutalika kosaposa masentimita 30. Zimayambira ndi amtundu, nthambi, zobiriwira zakuda kapena zofiira. Poyamba amakula, koma amasilira ndi ukalamba. Pamtunda wapamwamba wokhala ndi ma rhizomes (ma tubers) wokutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono. Amadziunjikira zinthu zofunikira zomwe mmera adzagwiritse ntchito atachoka ku nthawi yozizira.
Masamba oblong pa petioles okhala ndi malekezero akunja ndi osalala, owala. Ndiobiriwira wakuda, wa pinki, wofiirira wokhala ndi mitsempha. Pali tsitsi laling'ono mkati mwa mbale.
Chakumapeto kwa nyengo yamaluwa, maluwa ambiri amayamba kupangika m'masamba amiyala kutalika konse kwa tsinde. Corolla iliyonse imakhala ndi chubu ndi ma petals 5 owongoka mwamphamvu, awiri kapena osavuta, omwe amagawidwa m'mphepete.
Maluwa ofiira, apinki, achikaso, oyera-oyera, ofiira, amakhala pokhapokha kapena m'magulu a zidutswa za 3-6. M'mimba mwake kufika masentimita 3-6. Maluwa amapezeka kumapeto kwa Seputembara. Mukadzala pakhomo, imatha kuwonedwa kawiri.
Zosiyanasiyana za achimenes
Mitundu yotchuka:
| Mutu | Phesi (mphukira) | Maluwa | Mapazi pachimake nyengo |
| Choyera | Molunjika, ndi mphukira zobiriwira kapena zofiira. | Kukula kwapakatikati, masentimita 1-1.5. Kunja, mthunzi wa mkaka wophika, wofiyira mkatikati. Corolla chikasu ndi mikwingwirima yofiira. | Chilimwe |
| Ehrenberg | Zowoneka, zowonda kwambiri komanso zamasamba. Kuchita pafupipafupi kumafunika. | Mtundu wapakatikati, wofiirira panja, womwe pang'onopang'ono umatembenuka pinki kumbuyo. Pharynx (corolla chubu) ndi chikasu chowala ndi madontho a pinki. | Chilimwe ndi yophukira. |
| Kutambasulidwa | Amamera, bulauni, nthawi zambiri obiriwira. | Pinki-violet, mpaka 2 cm. | Juni - Ogasiti. |
| Zowongoka | Oima, apakatikati, ofiira. | Scarlet, yaying'ono, mpaka 1 cm. | |
| Waku Mexico | Wamphamvu nthambi, wamkulu ngati chomera cha ampel. | Kufikira 3.5 masentimita, lilac, lofiirira kapena pinki wokhala ndi chubu choyera ngati chipale. | Chilimwe ndi yophukira. |
| Zopanda | Wofiira, owongoka. | Burgundy, yayikulu, mpaka masentimita 5. Pharynx chikasu ndi mawanga, kukulitsidwa kumapeto. | |
| Kutalika kwamtunda | Zoyala, pubescent, nthambi pang'ono, mpaka 10-30 cm. | Chachikulu, mpaka 6.5 cm. Buluu, pinki, imvi-lilac yokhala ndi chubu chachikaso kapena choyera. | |
| Fringed | Kutsika, mpaka 30 cm. | Kufikira 2 cm, yoyera, yokhala ndi mphonje m'mphepete. | |
| Oscturne | Mphukira zopendekera zimamera ngati chomera cham'mera. | Chachikulu, mpaka 4,5 cm. Terry, velvet, maroon panja, wowala mkati. | Chilimwe |
| Sabrina | Poyamba iwo amakula mokhazikika, pakapita nthawi adzafuna. | Coral pinki ndi udzu wachikasu. Pakati, mpaka 2 cm. | Chilimwe ndi yophukira. |
Ahimenez: chisamaliro ndi kulima
Kuti chitsamba chizikula bwino komanso kutulutsa maluwa, ndikofunikira kuti chiziperekera ndende:
| Choyimira | Kasupe / chilimwe | Kugwa / yozizira |
| Malo | Windo lirilonse limatulutsa, kupatula okhawo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ochokera dzuwa ladzuwa. Pitani ku malo opetera, loggia. | Pitani paphiri lakuda, lozizira pakupuma nyengo yachisanu. |
| Kuwala | Kuwala kowala ndikofunikira. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosagwirizana ndi dzuwa imagwiritsa ntchito dzuwa mwachindunji, imayenera kusinthidwa. Mitundu yokhala ndi ma greens amdima imatha kupirira kukhudzika kwakanthawi kwa ma radiation a ultraviolet. | Osagwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zowunikira, nthawi yopumula. |
| Kutentha | + 22 ... +23 ° С | +15 ° С |
| Chinyezi | 60-65%. Ndikosatheka kupopera mbewu pokhapokha, mlengalenga kokha. Muthanso kuthira dongo lonyowa poto, kuyika mphika pamwamba kapena kugula mpweya wofinya. Ngati madzi abwera pauwisi, mawanga akulu akuda. Chitsamba chija sichitha kukongoletsa. | |
| Kuthirira | Kuchuluka masiku atatu aliwonse. | Pamene dziko lapansi limauma. Kupanga zazing'ono magawo m'mphepete mwa mapoto (kamodzi pa sabata kwa supuni 2-3). |
| Kutentha kwamadzi ndi pafupifupi 2 ° kuposa kutentha kwa chipinda. Onetsetsani kuti palibe kusunthika kwa chinyezi. Kupanga pansi pa muzu kapena pallet, kupewa kugwa masamba ndi mphukira. | ||
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Masabata atatu atamera kumera. Pambuyo pake - masabata onse a 2 ndi feteleza wa mchere. | Palibe chifukwa. Tchire likupuma. |
Thirani
Muyenera kusunthira mbewu zazing'ono ndi zazikulu kuti mupite kwina chaka chilichonse. Asanazizidwe nyengo yachisanu, ma rhizomes sanakumbidwe, koma amasungidwa mu gawo lakale kwambiri m'chipinda chamdima. Wochulukitsa zisanafike nthawi yamasamba:
- Ikani ngalande pamiyala, dongo lokulitsa kapena njerwa zosweka.
- Dzazani 2/3 ya malowo ndi dothi losakanizika ndi pepala lapansi, tinthu, mchenga (3: 2: 1).
- Chotsani machubu ku dothi lakale ndikukhazikikanso mumphika watsopano pamalo opingasa.
- Thirani 5-10 mm wa gawo lapansi pamwamba, kutsanulira mosamala.
- Phimbani ndi galasi kapena polyethylene kuti mupange zinthu zobiriwira mpaka mphukira zitawonekera.
Kufalikira kwa Achimenes
Maluwa odulidwa:
- ma rhizomes;
- kudula;
- mbewu.
Njira yoyamba ndiyosavuta kwambiri komanso yothandiza. Mtundu umodzi umatha kutulutsa mphukira zingapo nthawi imodzi;
Kuberekanso kumachitika motere:
- Pang'ono pang'ono pezani tubers ndi mizu.
- Falitsa pansi pamtunda usananyowe.
- Kuwaza ndi nthaka youma pa 2 cm.
- Onetsetsani kuti dothi silikhala ndi nthawi youma, sungani pa kutentha kwa +22 ° C.
- Mphukira zimaswa m'masabata 1-2. Pambuyo pakuwonekera masamba oyamba, ikani mphukira.
Kufalikira ndi kudulidwa kumachitika mu Meyi-Juni. Njira yofikira ndi gawo ndi sitepe:
- Gawani nthambi yathanzi komanso yopangidwa bwino m'magawo atatu. Ayenera kukhala ndi osachepera atatu.
- Chotsani masamba otsika kuti muzike mizu bwino.
- Malo omwe amacheka amayenera kuthandizidwa ndi kaboni woponderezedwa.
- Ikani mapesi pansi muzu wokulitsa msamba (mwachitsanzo, Kornevin).
- Bzalani mu chinyezi chofunda.
- Phimbani ndi pulasitiki wokutira kapena mtsuko wagalasi kuti mumve kutentha.
- Chotsani chivundikiro cha mpweya wabwino tsiku lililonse. Chotsani makoma pamakoma.
- Mizu yoyamba imawonekera patatha masiku 10-14.
Njira yotsalira yoberekera imawonedwa ngati yovuta kwambiri komanso yotenga nthawi, chifukwa mbewu za chomera ndizochepa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri obereketsa ndi akatswiri odziwa maluwa amatero. Malangizo a sitepe ndi sitepe:
- M'mwezi wa Marichi, sakanizani mbewu ndi mchenga pang'ono.
- Finyani chisakanizo cha dothi losasungunuka kale.
- Sikoyenera kuwaza iwo pamwamba, apo ayi sipadzakhala mbande kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Valani ndi polyethylene kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha.
- Kuchotsa filimu tsiku ndi tsiku yopukutira ndi kunyowetsa gawo lapansi kuchokera kutsitsi laling'ono.
- Mphukira zoyambirira sizidzawonekeranso kuposa nthawi yamadzulo, ngati muwala bwino.
- Dziperekeni katatu pa kasupe.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta Achimenes
Ndikukonza moyenera, chomera sichimakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Pokhapokha ngati pali zotheka kuti mutukule bwino, Achimenes akhoza kukumana ndi mavuto otsatirawa:
| Kuwonetsera | Chifukwa | Njira zoyesera |
| Chomera chimakhala chikasu, kuzimiririka. Kusintha kwa masamba ndi mbale kumachitika. | Chlorosis chifukwa cha kuuma kwamadzi. |
|
| Malo owala ozungulira amawonekera, omwe amasandulika bulauni pakapita nthawi. | Kuwomba mphete chifukwa cha kuthirira kuzizira, kukonzekera, kuwala kwadzuwa. | Ndikosatheka kuchiritsa matendawa. Popewa kufalikira, muyenera:
|
| Greens amasandulika bulauni, amagwa. Utoto wonyezimira umawoneka pambale. | Grey zowola chifukwa cha chinyezi kwambiri, kutentha kuzizira. |
|
| Zing'onozing'ono (mpaka 0,5 mm), tizilombo ofiira amawoneka kumbuyo kwa tsamba. Ma microscopic cobwebs, mawanga achikasu ndi madontho amawoneka pa msipu ndikutembenukira bulauni pakapita nthawi. | Kangaude wofiyira. Tizilombo timakonda mpweya wouma komanso wotentha. | Ikani mankhwala:
Pofunika kukonza ndi mbewu yoyandikana nayo. Bwerezani izi katatu, pakadutsa masiku 7. |
| Mbalezo amazipanga kukhala chubu, masamba, maluwa, mphukira ndi zopindika. Pachitsamba mutha kuwona tizilombo tating'ono, zakuda kapena zobiriwira. | Ma nsabwe. | Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala:
|
| Kapangidwe ka zovala zoyera za waxy pamtengowo, zopopera, zofanana ndi ubweya wa thonje. | Mealybug (furry louse). |
|
