Chinanazi ndi chipatso chotchuka, kulima komwe kwawo kukuchulukirachulukira pakati pa nzika zathu. Koma chikhalidwechi ndichopanda chidwi komanso chofunikira kwambiri, motero, kuti mubzale bwino, muyenera kudziwa zambiri zokhuza osati malamulo a mayendedwe ake okha, komanso kusankha ndikukonzekera kubzala zinthu.
Kubzala chinanazi kunyumba
Mutha kubzala chinanazi kunyumba m'njira ziwiri - ndi mbeu ndikugwiritsa ntchito pamwamba. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zomwe mukufuna, muyenera kudziwa bwino malamulo oyambira omwe amafunsidwa.
Kubzala Mbewu za chinanazi
Ngati mukufuna kukulira chinanazi pogwiritsa ntchito mbeu, ndibwino kuti mugule m'sitolo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu zipatso zambiri zomwe zikugulitsidwa, palibe mbewu konse, kapena zazing'ono komanso zosakhwima motero sizoyenera kubzala. Koma samalani ndi mbewu - mbewu zomwe zili m'chipatso chomwe mudagula ndizabwino, chifukwa zimatha kukhala zofunikira kufesa.
Mbeu za chinanazi zoyenera kufesa, lathyathyathya, zamitundu yofanana, zimakhala zofiirira komanso zofiirira kutalika kwa 0.3-0.4 cm
Pa chinanazi, mafupawo ali pa zamkati pansi pa khungu. Ngati akwaniritsa zonse zofunika ndipo zingabzalidwe, ndiye kuti muwachotse ndi mpeni mosamala ndikutsuka njira yothetsera potaziyamu (1 g pa 200 ml ya madzi), ndiye kuti muchotsere, pukuta papepala ndikuyamba kuchita zinthu zisanafike pofesa.
- Kuuluka. Ikani zonyowa (nsalu zokulira kapena thonje) pansi pazotengera kapena pa mbale. Ikani mafupawo ndikuwaphimba pamwamba ndi zofowoka zomwe. Ikani chovalacho pamalo otentha kwa maola 18- 24. Mbewuzo zimatupa pang'ono.
- Kubzala mu dothi. Dzazani thumba lofesa ndi chisakanizo cha mchenga ndi peyala (ziyenera kutengedwa mbali zofanana), nyowetsani nthaka ndikubzala mbewu motalikirana ndi masentimita 710 kuchokera pa mzake, ndikukula ndikukula ndi masentimita 1-2.
- Mukabzala, onetsetsani kuti mwaphimba chidebe ndi filimu kapena galasi ndikuyika malo otentha.
Nthawi yakumera kwa mbande zimatengera kutentha: + 30 ° C - + 32 ° C, ndiye kuti mbewuzo zimera m'masabata atatu, nthawi yotentha mizu yake sipangakhalepo masiku 30 mpaka 305.
Kusamalira kwina kubzala ndi kuthirira panthawi yake komanso mpweya wokwanira (10 min 2 pa tsiku). Mbewu zitatu zikaonekera pafupi ndi mbande, mphukira ziyenera kubzalidwa mumiphika ingapo. Popeza mbande zili zofanana, ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyambitsira.
Mphukira za chinanazi ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti zitsimikizike bwino
- Maola awiri musanazungulidwe, thirirani nthaka bwino.
- Pansi pa zotengera zamunthu payekha ndi voliyumu ya 0,5-0.7 l, ikani zonyamula madzi (masentimita 3-4), ndikudzaza dothi (peat (1 gawo) + humus (1 gawo) + mchenga (1 gawo) + dothi lamtunda (1 gawo)) ndi kuipukuta.
- Pakati pa chidebe chilichonse, pangani dzenje lakuya masentimita 2-3.
- Chotsani chophukacho mosamala ndi mphamvu zonse (kuti zitheke, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito supuni) ndikuyiyika dzenje, ndikufalitsa mizu.
- Dzazani dzenjelo ndi dothi, mulipange, ndi madzi.
- Phimbani zofesa ndi thumba ndi malo pamalo otentha, owala.
Kubzala mitengo ya chinanazi (pamwamba)
Ngati mukufuna kukulitsa chinanazi motere, ndiye kuti musamale kugula zipatso za "mayi". Yesani kusankha chipatso chatsopano popanda zopindika (mabala, zowola, ndi zina). Onaninso tsamba lomwe limapezedwa masamba: liyenera kukhala labwinobwino, lolimba, labiliwira komanso labwinobwino.
Kuphatikiza pa kuwonekera kwa chinanazi, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira nthawi yomwe idagulidwa. Mudzakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wobzala chinanazi ngati mutagula zipatso kumapeto kwa chilimwe, chilimwe, kapena kugwa koyambirira. Simudzakhala ndi mwayi wotenga chomera chatsopano kuchokera pa chinanazi, chogulidwa nthawi yozizira, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zipatsozi zimakhala mumlengalenga ndipo masamba awo amawuma.
Pamwambamwamba oyenera kubzala ayenera kukhala watsopano komanso wokhala ndi malo oyenerapo.
Mukasankha ndikugula chipatso choyenera, mutha kuyamba kubzala pamwamba. Pali njira ziwiri zochitira izi, ndipo mutha kusankha zabwino kwambiri.
Njira 1. Kuyala pamwamba popanda kuzika mizu
1. Pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni wakuthwa, woyera, dulani pamwamba pomwe mukutenga gawo la mwana wosabadwayo 3 cm. Ngati chinanazi chapsa, ndiye kuti mutha kuchotsa pamwamba poigwira ndi dzanja limodzi ndikutembenuza chipatsocho ndi chinacho. Mukachotsa pamwamba, chotsani thupi lonse, chifukwa chingapangitse kubzala. Chotsani masamba onse apansi kuti muthe tsinde la 2,5-3 cm.
Chotsani thupi mosamala kuti musawonongeke
2. Muthira mankhwala pang'onopang'ono ndikumawaza ndi makala opaka (chifukwa muyenera kupondaponda mapiritsi awiri) kapena kuwayika kwa 1 min peresenti yowala ya potaziyamu ya potaziyamu (kuti mupeze, kupukusira ufa kumapeto kwa mpeni (1 g) mu 200 ml ya madzi). Pambuyo akuwuluka, musaiwale kupukuta phesi ndi thaulo la pepala.
3. Ikani nsonga kwa masiku 5-7 m'malo owuma, amdima, mpweya momwemo uyenera kukhala kutentha. Popewa kulumikizana ndi kumtunda ndi mawonekedwe, ndikofunikira kupachika pa twine kapena ulusi wolimba.
Pamwamba pa chinanazi ayenera kuti aume m'malo owongoka
4. Konzani mphika wokhala ndi malita 0,5 - 0,7. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mphika wocheperako, ndikofunika kusankha osachepera umodzi womwe mulifupi mwake ndi wokulirapo pang'ono kuposaupyapyala wa nsonga. Pangani mabowo okumbamo, ngati mulibe, ndipo ayikeni poto. Pansi, ikani zosanjikiza (2 cm) za zonyowa (dongo lokulitsidwa, miyala yabwino). Dzazani mphika ndi dothi (zopangidwa: mchenga (1 gawo) + peat (1 gawo) + turf dziko (1 gawo) kapena peat (2 mbali) + coniferous humus (1 gawo) + dothi lamunda (1 gawo) Ngati nkotheka, konzani gawo laling'ono loterolo ayi, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka ya cacti). Thirani madzi otentha panthaka kwambiri masiku awiri asanabzalidwe.
Dziko la Sodomu, mchenga ndi peat - zofunikira pazinthu zosakanikirana za zinanazi
5. Nyowetsani dothi, pangani dzenje mkati mwake ndi kuya kwa 2,5 mpaka masentimita ndikuwaza pansi ndi 0,5 tsp. makala osankhidwa.
6. Ikani pamwamba mosamala mu dzenje, kuwaza ndi nthaka pansi masamba, kenako ndikupukuta ndi kuthirira nthaka.
7. Valani chofikira ndi filimu, thumba la pulasitiki kapena ikani pansi pagalasi ndikuyiyika pamalo otentha, owala, koma osayatsidwa mwachindunji ndi dzuwa.
Kuti tiwone bwino pa chitukuko cha chinanazi, ziyenera kuyikidwa mu "greenhouse"
Monga lamulo, kuzika kwa mapu kumatenga miyezi 1.5-2. Ngati pamwamba pazika mizu, ndiye kuti kumapeto kwa nthawi imeneyi masamba ena atsopano adzawonekera pakati pake.
Njira 2. Kwezera pamwamba ndi mizu
1. Chotsani kumtunda, chotsani thupi ndikuchotsa masamba, kuti silinda yotalika 2.5 -3 cm ikhale.
2. Tulutsani mankhwala ophera tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu permanganate kapena kaboni yoyambitsa.
3. Pakupita masiku awiri, lowani pamwamba pamalo owuma, osadetsedwa ndi kutentha.
4. Tengani kapu, kuthira madzi ofunda mkati mwake ndikukhazikitsa gawo loyeretsedwamo la masentimita 3-5. Kuti muikonze, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zopangira mano kapena kudula mzere wamatabwa. Ikani chikhocho pamalo owala otentha, mutha kuwindo. Mizu imakonda kuonekera pambuyo pa masabata awiri. Munthawi imeneyi, madzi mugalasi ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi 1 m'masiku 2-3. Pamwamba mutha kuuika mumphika pomwe mizu yake imafikira kutalika kwa 2 cm.
Nthawi zambiri pamafunika milungu iwiri kuti muzu uzike
5. Konzani mphika ndikudzaza ndi dothi labwino.
6. Mu dothi lonyowa, pangani dzenje lotalika masentimita atatu ndikuyiyika kumtunda, osamala kuti musavulaze mizu. Patulani ndi dothi mpaka masamba pansi.
7. Tampu ndi madzi kachiwiri.
8. Phimbani kufota ndi thumba la pulasitiki ndikuyika pamalo otentha, owala, koma osayatsidwa ndi dzuwa.
Kutengera zomwe ndakumana nazo, nditha kunena kuti mbewu yozika mizu ndi njira yothandiza, chifukwa imakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone ngati zinthu zomwe zibzalidwe ndizothandiza kapena ayi (izi sizingogwira ntchito pa chinanazi, komanso kudula zipatso zosiyanasiyana zamitengo, ndi zina), ndi inu pambuyo pake, simuyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yosamalira chomera chowonongeka kapena kulowa mumphika. Ndikakulira chinanazi, ndimapangitsanso kuti ndizigwira chochitikachi, makamaka kwa anthu omwe analibe bizinesi yam'mbuyomu ndipo chifukwa chake ndikanatha kuphonya kalikonse panthawi yakukonzekera. Ngati chapamwamba sichikuzika mizu, ndiye kuti mudzakhala ndi nthawi yosinthira ndi china, popanda kubwereza zolakwitsa zomwe zidapangidwa kale, ndikupeza chomera chabwino. Ndipo mtsogolomo, mukaphunzira kuchita zonse molondola, ndiye kuti mutha kudzala chinanazi kapena chomera chilichonse m'nthaka popanda kuzika mizu, osawopa kuti sichidzamera kapena kuti sichingamere.
Mizu ya chinanazi
Zowonjezera pamwamba
Monga mbewu ina iliyonse, ndikukula kwa chinanazi, mizu yake imayamba, motero muyenera kuyika. Kuti izi zitheke bwino, nthawi ino isanakwane kupereka chomera chanu chisamaliro choyenera, chomwe chimalimbitsa thanzi lake ndikupatsani mwayi wosunthira "kutenganso" ndi kupsinjika pang'ono.
Mukayika pamwamba kwambiri, ziyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa filimuyi kwa miyezi 1.5 - 2. Munthawi imeneyi, chinanazi chimafunikira kukoka (2 kawiri pa tsiku kwa mphindi 10) ndikuwaza masamba 1 nthawi sabata, chifukwa chinanazi chimadziunjikira chinyezi. Kutsirira kumalimbikitsidwa pang'ono komanso ngati dziko lapansi liuma. Iwo omwe akudziwa kukula kwa chinanazi kuchokera kumtunda, amakulangizani kuti muzithirira madzi osati nthaka, komanso zitsulo zokha. Komanso, ngati kuli kotheka, yesani kusintha kanemayo kapena kupukuta galasi, monga momwe ma compuls (m'malovu) omwe amawoneka akuvulaza masamba ndipo, ngati atayandikira, akhoza kuwapangitsa kuvunda. Kuphatikiza apo, osanyalanyaza feteleza. Pachifukwa ichi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zowonjezera mchere (mwachitsanzo, diammofosku) pamlingo wa 10 g pa 10 l yamadzi. Pamwamba azidyetsedwa masiku 20 aliwonse. Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, kubzala kumayenera kupereka kuwala kokwanira (osachepera maola 12), kuwunikira ndi nyali ya fluorescent.
Kuika chapamwamba cha chinanazi kumachitika chaka chimodzi mutabzala. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotumizira, popeza ndiyo njira yotetezera kwambiri mizu. Pachifukwa ichi, osathirira chinanazi kwa masiku angapo. Dothi likauma kwathunthu, chotsani chomeracho limodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko ndikuulowetsa mumphika wambiri ndi malita 1.5 - 2.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kusinthana, mutha kuchotsa chomeracho mumphika osawonongera mizu yake.
Kukonzekera mphika ndi kubzala koyenera kumachitika motere:
- Ikani wosanjikiza (masentimita 3-4) a zonyowa pansi pa mphika.
- Thirani dothi panthaka yothirira (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe munagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo).
- Pakatikati, ikani pamwamba ndi dothi lapansi.
- Dzazani malo opanda kanthu pafupi ndi khoma la poto ndi dothi, madzi bwino ndikuyika chinanazi pamalo owala.
Monga mukuwonera, kubzala chinanazi siinthu chovuta kuchita, koma makonzedwe omwe angakonzekere kubzala amafunikira chisamaliro komanso kulondola, chifukwa moyo wopitilira mbewuyo umatengera momwe amaliriwira molondola komanso molondola. Tsatirani malingaliro onse mosamala, ndipo zotsatira zomwe mukufuna sizikhala motalikirapo.
