Mbatata ndi imodzi mwa masamba otchuka kwambiri, ndipo kuti mukolole mbewu zambiri, muyenera kumanga bwino. M'nkhani yathu tidzakudziwitsani mtundu wa feteleza wa mbatata ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito panthawi yobzala komanso nthawi yosamalira mbewu.
N'chifukwa chiyani zimatulutsa mbatata
Mbatata, mosiyana ndi mbewu zina, amafunikira zakudya zambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kukula kwa mizu ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa tubers. Pogwiritsa ntchito zokolola, timatenga zinthu zina zofunikira kuchokera m'nthaka, choncho ndikofunika, kubzala mbatata kwa chaka chotsatira, kubweretsa zakudya zomwe zimadalira kukula ndi kukula. Kuperewera kwa feteleza kumadzetsa kuchepa kwa zipatso, tubers zidzakhala zochepa.
Dzidziwitse ndi kulima mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata: "Kiwi", "Gala", "Luck", "Irbitsky", "Rosara", "Queen Anna", "Blue".
Ndikofunikira! Sikoyenera kudzala mbatata nthawi iliyonse pa chiwembu chomwecho - ndi chiwembu chotero, tizirombo ndi matenda zidzaukira kwambiri mbeu, zomwe zidzatitsitsa kuchepa.Kuti mupeze zokolola zonse, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zothandiza mu bukuli zitheke. Kuti mutengere mavitamini 4 makilogalamu 1, nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi 20 g ya nayitrogeni, 40 g ya oksidiyamu ya potaziyamu, 5 g ya magnesiamu ndi 10 g ya phosphorous acid. Mankhwala amkuwa, zinc ndi manganese ayenera kupezekapo. Sizingatheke kuthira nyemba nthawi yomweyo ndi mchere wonse, popeza ndi kofunikira kwa mbatata pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za kukula.
Mitundu ya fetereza kwa mbatata
Mtundu uliwonse wa zomera umayesetsa bwino kapena woipitsitsa kwa fetereza yomweyo. Ngati mukufuna kupeza zotsatira zabwino za ntchito yanu ndi kukolola bwino, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ndizofunika ziti zomwe zimayenera mbatata.
Kulima bwino kwambiri kumapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito:
- organic feteleza (kompositi ndi manyowa). Organic ili ndi zinthu zomwe ziri zofunika kuti chitukuko chikhale choyenera. Kuwaza, feteleza zoterezi zimathandiza kuwonjezeka kwa carbon dioxide mu mlengalenga wa mpweya, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala kuti zazikulu zimakula ndi zathanzi;
- nkhuku zinyalala. Nkhuku yotchedwa feteleza ya mbatata imatchuka chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwazomera komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mbeu. Zaletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito undiluted. Asanagwiritse ntchito, malitawa amayeretsedwa ndi madzi 1 mpaka 15 ndipo amaikidwa pamalo otentha kwa masiku 2-3. Madzi 1 litre pa chitsamba;
- phulusa. Zili ndi zinthu zofunika kuti pakhale kukula kwa tubers. Pa iliyonse yokhotakhota perekani makilogalamu 10. Phulusa ngati feteleza kwa mbatata imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wamaluwa, chifukwa zimathandiza kupeza zipatso zabwino kwambiri;
- urea. Lili ndi ndalama zofunikira za nayitrogeni kwa mbatata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola, koma zimayenera kuonetsetsa mosamala mlingowo;
- ammonium nitrate. Zili ndi zotsatira zofanana ndi urea;
- fupa chakudya.
- nitrofoski;
- Chemirs
Mukudziwa? Mbatata ndi tubers, kwambiri poizoni. Mutatha kudya mbatata 2-3, mukhoza kutenga poizoni.Ena amaganiza kuti ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito feteleza pang'ono pokha, phindu la izi lidzakhala lalikulu. Ndipotu, ndikofunika kudyetsa molingana ndi malamulo ena pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za kukula kwa mbatata.
Nthawi komanso manyowa
Ndikofunika kwambiri kutsatira nthawi ya umuna, ngati mukufuna kupeza zokolola zambiri. Ganizirani nthawi komanso momwe mungachitire zinthu izi.
Kukonzekera kwadongosolo ladzu
Kuti mupeze zokolola zochuluka, muyenera kusamalira nthaka mu chiwembu chokonzekera mbatata. Pa nyengo iliyonse, imataya zakudya, choncho nthawi yam'mbuyomu muyenera kuthira manyowa.
Momwemo, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti muziphatikizapo feteleza feteleza ndi zinthu zofunikira. Pa 1 mita mita imodzi ya nthaka ayenera kusiya zitsamba 5-7 za manyowa. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndikofunika kuchita mchere wambiri. Pachifukwachi, superphosphate yowonjezera (30 g pa 1 mita imodzi), imalimbikitsanso kuwonjezera potaziyamu sulphate ndi phosphorous - 15 g pa 1 mita imodzi. 
Ndikofunikira! Bzalani mbewu yokha yapamwamba: payenera kukhala palibe madontho, kukula ndi kuwonongeka pa tubers. Apo ayi iwo sangamere nkomwe.Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhaokha. Kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera omwe nthaka ili ndi tizilombo kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zogwira ntchito ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate (chiŵerengero cha 1: 2). Potash feteleza a mbatata ndi ofunikira kwambiri, choncho amafunikira zambiri.
Pambuyo pa mapepala atachotsedwa m'munda wa mbatata, mukhoza kuyendetsa pamtunda. Zangwiro za mpiru woyera. Kwa milungu itatu, imapanga misa yofunikira, ndipo pakufika kwa kasupe, m'pofunika kukumba pansi pamodzi ndi mpiru.
Pokonzekera malowa m'dzinja, mukhoza kupanga zakuya kukumba. Ngati mukukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito woyendayenda, mudzafunika nthawi 2 kuti mugwirizane ndi dothi la nthaka ndi limodzi - mchenga. Mukamakumbatirana ndi manja, muyenera kukumba muzitsulo. 
Pamaso pa nthaka ya acidic m'dzinja, kubwezeretsedwa kwake kumachitika. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuzitsuka ndi ufa wa dolomite, laimu kapena phulusa (200 g pa 1 sq. M). Ngati malowa akuwoneka sorelo kapena moss - izi zikutanthauza kuti pH ya nthaka yasintha.
Feteleza mutabzala
Mukhoza kupindula kwambiri mukagwiritsa ntchito feteleza ku chitsamba chilichonse. Ngati chigamulochi chikupangidwira kudyetsa chomeracho ndi zinthu zakuthupi, m'pofunikira kuthira mtsuko wa 700 gramu wa humus wouma ndi supuni 5 za phulusa mu dzenje lililonse. 
Ngati mugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a agrochemicals, ndi bwino kuyika 1 tbsp mu dzenje lililonse. supuni Nitrofoski ndi 100 g fupa chakudya.
Mizu yopangira pamwamba
Chomera chomera feteleza chimapangidwa bwino chisanafike mapiri a tchire. Zisanachitike, m'pofunika kumasula nthaka kuti zakudyazo zikhale zosavuta kufika kumzu. Pambuyo kudyetsa ndi bwino kuchita madzi okwanira ambiri.
Mukudziwa? Pali mbatata yomwe thupi lake liri lofiira buluu. Mitundu yowonjezereka ya mtundu uwu ikhoza kutchedwa "Linzer blaue".Zina mwazovala zambiri ndi izi:
- Top dressing zitosi mbalame. Pofuna kukonzekera, m'pofunikanso kuchepetsa madzi mumtundu wa 1 mpaka 10, ndikutsanulira mizere pakati pa mizere.
- Zovala zapamwamba ndi urea. 10 malita a madzi osakaniza 1 tbsp. ndi supuni ya urea, kenako tchire madzi kuthira pafupi ndizu ndi njirayi, pambuyo kuchita pang'ono kumasula. Pansi pa chitsamba chimodzi ndikupanga theka la lita imodzi yokhazikika.
- Kudyetsa ndi mullein. Sungunulani 1 lita imodzi ya manyowa m'madzi 10, perekani osakaniza ndikutsanulira nthaka pakati pa mizere.
- Top kuvala zitsamba kulowetsedwa. Pofuna kukonzekera kulowetsedwa, mungagwiritse ntchito mtundu uliwonse wamsongole. Ayenera kulowetsedwa mu mbiya yamadzi, kenako dikirani kusakaniza, kuyimitsa mpaka mtundu wofiira ndi madzi zomera madzulo kuzungulira fossa. Yesetsani kusunga madzi kuti asagwe pa mapesi. June ndi woyenera kuti apange - pa nthawi ino zomera zimafunika nayitrogeni.
- Kupaka pamwamba ndi feteleza zamchere. Manyowa a feteleza a mbatata amalimbikitsidwa kupangidwa m'chaka. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito ammonium nitrate, kutaya madzi (20 g pa 10 malita a madzi). Mukhoza kusakaniza nayitrogeni, phosphate ndi fetashi feteleza (chiwerengero 1: 1: 2), ndiyeno perekani izi zosakaniza 10 malita a madzi.
Kudyetsa kwa Foliar
Njira yabwino yothira manyowa, yomwe imakulolani kuti mubweretse zomera zonse zosowa, ndikudyetsa mbatata. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite chochitikachi titatha kusula malowa, madzulo, kuti tipewe zomera kuti zisatenthedwe. Njirayi imapangitsa kuti feteleza alowe mwamsanga mu mbeu, zomwe zimathandiza kuwonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi ndi kuonjezera kukula ndi kukula kwa mizu, kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbeu. Tikukudziwitsani kuti mudziwe bwino kavalidwe ka apamwamba:
- carbamide. Mankhwalawa ali otetezeka: madzi - 5 l, urea - 100 g, potaziyamu monophosphate - 150 g, boric acid - 6 g Komanso kuwonjezera apo, nthawi zina, boran, mchere, manganese, zinki ndi cobalt nthawi zina zimaphatikizidwanso kusakaniza (1 g pa 10 malita ). Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika patatha masiku khumi kuchokera pamene mphukira yoyamba ikuwoneka. Njira yothandizira iyenera kuchepetsedwa kawiri. Ndiye kudyetsa kungakhoze kuchitidwa ndi zofanana zomwezo, koma osati kuzifalitsa izo. Onetsetsani kuti mukulemekeza nthawi ya masiku 14. Kuyenera kuchitidwa mpaka mbatata isayamba kuphulika;
Ndikofunikira! Pa nthawi yosungirako mbatata, onetsetsani kuti mumatha kutentha mpweya wabwino - pamwamba pa 0 ° C. Mu njirayi, mutha kuteteza mbeu kuchokera ku matenda a fungal.
- phosphoric. Amachitikira kumapeto kwa maluwa, pafupi masabata 3-4 asanakolole. Kutsekedwa kwa superphosphate (100 g pa 10 malita a madzi kupopera mbewu 10 mita mamita.). Phosphorous, yomwe imadutsa pamwamba pa chomera, imathandizira kuonjezera zokolola ndikuzaza tubers ndi wowuma;
- kumatulutsa N'zotheka kuyamba kudyetsa ndi mchere nthawi yomweyo, monga tsamba lachinayi likuwoneka pa chomera. Nthawi yomwe imakhalapo pakati pa mankhwala sayenera kukhala osachepera masabata awiri. Zofanana ndi "Gumat + 7". Pofuna kukonza njirayi, m'pofunika kuchepetsa 2 g mu 10 l madzi. Pa zotchinga zonse zomwe mukufunikira kupanga malita 3;
- kulowetsedwa kwa nettle. Kulowetsedwa kumakhala ndi zinthu zonse zofunika kwa mbatata. Kuphika, muyenera kutsanulira mapesi a nettle ndi madzi ndikuumiriza kutentha musanayambe kuthirira. Pambuyo pa njirayi muyenera kuyamwa, kuchepetsa ndi kukonza dera. Pakati pa njirayi muyenera kutenga masiku khumi.
Mukudziwa? Mbatata ndizoyamba masamba okula mlengalenga. Chochitikachi chinayambira mu 1995.
Mosasamala mtundu uliwonse wa feteleza umene mumasankha, muyenera kudyetsa nthawi yomwe mwauzidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza moyenera, mukhoza kukwaniritsa zokolola zabwino komanso zokoma.
