Laurel ndi mtengo wotchuka kwambiri wobiriwira kapena shrub umene unabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Mediterranean. Kale ku Greece, chomera chokongola ichi chidatchedwa Daphne, polemekeza nymph Daphne. Apollo, adamukonda kwambiri, adalumikiza nsonga yochokera ku laurel, yomwe idakhala yofunikira kwambiri, ndipo kale kuchokera ku ichi kunabwera ulemerero wa laurel monga chizindikiro cha kupambana ndi kupambana.
Tiri ndi chomera chomwecho ndi zonunkhira zabwino ndi zokonda kakhitchini. Inde, popanda laurel, n'zosatheka kuphika zokoma zokometsera msuzi, msuzi kapena borscht ndipo, ndithudi, ndizovala zazikulu zokongola. Yakhala chodziwika bwino pamene mukukolola masamba m'nyengo yozizira ndi pickles.
Chomera chofunika kwambiri chikhoza kukula mosavuta kunyumba. Laurel ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri, ndipo kukula kwake kumakhala kofunika kwambiri. Ngati tingathe kulima laurel kunyumba kunyumba kuchokera ku mbewu kapena njira zina, sizingakhale zothandiza monga zonunkhira, koma zidzakhala zokongola zokongola zapanyumba..
Laurel: kufotokoza kwa chomera cha zonunkhira
Mu chilengedwe, laurel ikhoza kukhala mtengo komanso wamtali wamtali wa mamita 9-11. Mtengo wake ukhoza kufika 40-45 masentimita.Pamene mukukula pakhomo, amakula mpaka mamita awiri okha. .
Masamba a laurel ndi olimba, owongoka, opanda kanthu, otsika pang'ono, omwe amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 20 ndi kupitirira masentimita asanu 5. Iwo ali ndi mdima wakuda pamwamba ndi wowala pansi. Ali ndi fungo losangalatsa kwambiri la zonunkhira. Maluwa a laurel ndi ochepa, achikasu ndi amphongo, amawonekera m'mapiritsi a nthambi 6-12-staminate ndi 2-3-pistillate.
Mukudziwa? Ngati mukukula mosungirako kunyumba, sizingamveke pachimake, ndipo ngati ukuphuka, kudzakhala kumapeto kwa kasupe.Pansi pa chilengedwe, laurel imakula zaka zoposa 100, ikakula pakhomo, nthawi ya mtengo wa laurel imatha zaka 15.
Kodi n'zotheka kukula chimbudzi muzikhalidwe
Laurel atakula pakhomo ndi chomera chabwino kwambiri, ndi wolimba mtima komanso wosasamala. Choncho, mwamtheradi aliyense angathe kulikula pakhomo.
Koma inu simukuyenera kuyambitsa chitukuko, kusamalira m'nyumba yopanga nyumbayo osachepera, koma zofunika kwambiri. Ndi kulima koyenera, mudzakhala ndi chomera chabwino kwambiri chomwe chidzakuthokozeni chifukwa cha khama lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chitukuko chake, masamba okongola kwambiri.
Zoperekera za mtengo wa laurel
Zomwe zili mu chipinda chokhalira pansi bwino kwambiri laurel. Kuti pakhale chitukuko chabwino cha mtengo wa laurel, kuwonjezera pa chisamaliro choyenera, kukolola kwa nthawi yoyenera ya korona ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kudzafunika kuti apange khunguli akhale omasuka. Laurel, ngati pakhomo lililonse, amafunika kuonetsetsa kuti akudwala matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Malo ndi kuwala
Mtengo wa laurel umasowa malo abwino kwambiri ndi kuwala kosavuta. Popeza kuti chomeracho ndi mthunzi-wolekerera, chimatha kukhala mumthunzi, koma pamene chikukula mumdima, laurel ikhoza kusungunuka, ndipo chitsamba chomwecho chidzakhala cholimba kwambiri kuposa pamene chikukula pamalo othuthuka.
M'nyengo yotentha, muyenera kupewa nthawi zonse kutulukira dzuwa. M'chilimwe, laurel ikhoza kutulutsidwa kumunda kapena kubwalo. Miphika ya nyumbayi ikhoza kuikidwa pansi pafupi ndi mawindo, panjira kapena holo. Chomeracho chiyenera kukhala mpweya wambiri nthawi zonse, koma musapange zojambula zosatha.
Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi
M'chilimwe, zomera zimakhala zabwino pamsewu, ndizodzichepetsa, koma mpweya wabwino sungakhale woposera. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kwa laurels ndi 15-20 ° C. M'chilimwe, chitsamba kawiri pa sabata chimafuna kusamba masamba kuti chisunge nyengo.
Kuyambira kugwa, chomera chimafuna kupumula. Nthawi yotsala ya osungirako pakhomo pakhomo imapangidwa mwaluso kuyambira October mpaka March. Ndikofunika kuika laurel pamalo ndi kuwala kochepa ndi chinyezi. Kutentha sikuyenera kukhala kosapitirira +10 ° C ndipo osapitirira -5 ° C.
Mukudziwa? Nthawi yochepa kwambiri imalengedwa pofuna kuteteza kukula kwa mphukira zosafunikira zomwe zimafooketsa mtengo wa laurel.M'chaka, ngati chisanu chimatha, kuyambira April mbewuyo ikhoza kubweretsedwa m'munda. Ngati kumakhala kozizira panthawiyi, ndi bwino kusunga mpaka nthawi yotentha panyumba ndipo musaiwale kuti mumayipopera kamodzi pa sabata.
Zofunikira pa nthaka ya kukula bwino
Mitengo ya masamba a Laurel, titatha kukulitsa kuchokera ku mbewu, iyenera kuikidwa. Pakuika mbande mu mphika, nkofunikira kudzaza dothi lokongola la dothi lokulitsa. Laurel amakonda nthaka yothira, koma n'zosatheka kuteteza madzi kuti asawonongeke, izi zikhoza kupha imfa.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yowala, pakuti laurel mtundu uliwonse wa dothi lopezeka padziko lapansi ndi loyenera. Dothi lanu lodzala mphalapala likhoza kukonzedwa kuchokera ku magawo awiri a nthaka, gawo limodzi la nthaka yothira masamba, ndipo mbali ina yabwino, mchenga wa mtsinje wabwino. Musanayambe kubzala nthaka ingakhoze kuyaka moto mu uvuni pamtunda wokwanira kutentha kwa disinfection. Kutentha kotentha kwambiri pa kutenthedwa kumayenera kupeŵa kuti asawononge microflora zonse zothandiza.
Momwe mungabzalitsire mitengo ya laurel, mtundu wa laurel
Tsamba la Bay - chinthu chofunika kwambiri kukhitchini wa aliyense wogwira ntchito. Ndizochokera ku zonunkhira zotsika mtengo, koma zimakhala zokondweretsa kwambiri pamene timapepala timene timagwiritsa ntchito mmanja mwawo. Taganizirani mmene mungamere Lavrushka kuchokera ku mbewu, kudula komanso kudula nyumba ya chitsamba.
Kufesa mbewu
Pofuna kukula mtengo wa laurel monga wabwino komanso wabwino kwambiri, uyenera kubzalidwa kuchokera kummwera. Nthawi yabwino yoyamba kufesa ndi pakati pa mwezi wa February, kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March. Mbeu za Laurel ziyenera kubzalidwa 1 cm mu nthaka yokonzedwa. Kutentha kwa dothi kumafunika pafupifupi pafupifupi 20 ° C. Pankhaniyi, mbewu idzakwera mu 3-4 miyezi.
Musanayambe kubzala mbeu kuchokera ku nyemba, mbeu imatha kukhala ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate kwa masiku 3-5, izi zidzalimbikitsanso kumera. Mutabzala mbewu m'nthaka, mphika ayenera kuikidwa pamalo otentha, moisten bwino ndikuphimba ndi polyethylene kapena galasi.
Musanayambe kuonekera, muyenera kuchotsa polyethylene mu mphika kuti mutengeko kwa theka la ora patsiku. M'pofunikanso kuyang'anitsitsa chinyezi cha nthaka, ziyenera kukhala zocheperapo, musalole kutaya madzi. M'nthaka youma mbewuzo zidzafa, ndipo mvula yambiri idzavunda.
Ndikofunikira! Kuthirira mbewu ndi kumera kwa laurel ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi ogawanika ndi madzi ofunda. Kutentha kwa madzi kuyenera kutentha kuposa 4-5 ° C.
Pamene mphukira zoyamba zimaonekera, nkofunika kuchotsa chivundikirocho mumphika, koma ndikupitiriza kuyang'anitsitsa chinyezi cha nthaka. Pamene masamba awiri oyambirira amamera pamera, mbande imayenera kuikidwa mu thanki yaikulu, gawo limodzi la magawo a humus ndi ½ la peat akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku nthaka yokonzedwa.Pambuyo pakugulira nyemba, chomeracho chiyenera kuikidwa kwa masabata 2-3 m'malo amdima, osaiwala kusunga chinyezi cha nthaka. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, mmerawo umasunthira kuunika kuti ayambe kukula kwake.
Mmene angabzalitsire okalamba kudula chitsamba
Ndikoyenera kugawanitsa bwinobwino chitsamba cha Bay Bay mosamala kwambiri, pa nthambi iliyonse yosiyana ndi chomera chachikulu, gawo la mizu yabwino kwambiri. Kugawanika kuyenera kuchitika pokhapokha panthawi imene mphukirayo ili panthawi yopumula, ndipo izi zikuchokera mu October mpaka March. Gawani kansalu pambuyo pa zaka 3-5 za kukula kwake. Ndi nthawi yoyamba kugawa chitsamba ku zigawo zing'onozing'ono. Kusiyanitsa 2-3 nthambi zochokera kwa zaka zitatu zokhala ndi mpesa zidzakhala zokwanira.
Ndikofunikira! Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugawaniza chitsamba cha laurel panthawi yomwe ikukula, chomera chofooka, chosakhazikika chikhoza kufa.
Kudula Laurel
Wopatsa thanzi akhoza kufalikira ponse ndi mbewu ndi kumtengowo, koma zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi kukula kwa phokoso la mbewu. Laurel cuttings ikuchitika kumapeto kwa kasupe ndi oyambirira chilimwe. Monga cuttings, pachaka ndi kukhwima mphukira wa laurel amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Cuttings 7-9 masentimita yaitali amadulidwa pakati kapena m'munsi mwa chitsamba pa angle oblique. Mapepala apamunsi a kudula ayenera kuchotsedwa, ndi kudula pamwamba pakati. Ndiye cuttings amabzalidwa mu gawo lapansi. Chomerachi chimakonzedwa kuchokera kumbali imodzi ya masamba ndi mitsinje, imalimbikitsanso kuwonjezera theka la mchenga.
Pansi pa mphika ayenera kuyika ngalande ya dothi lokulitsa, liphimbe ndi gawo lapansi ndi moisten. The cuttings obzalidwa 2 cm zakuya ndi yokutidwa ndi polyethylene kapena wamba galasi mtsuko.
Sapling ayenera kuthiridwa ndi mpweya wokwanira tsiku lililonse. Muyeneranso kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka inali yosungunuka nthawi zonse. Pogwiritsa ntchito bwino, phesi lidzakhazikika mu miyezi 1-2.
Momwe mungasamalire mtengo wa laurel
Mukamabzala ntchito yamaphunziro simatha, chifukwa pamene mukukula, muyenera kusamalira nthawi yake, madzi ndi kudzala nthaka. Ndipo kupanga mawonekedwe okongoletsera amafunika kuti adulidwe.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa zomera
Kuthirira madzi okwanira ndi kofunika pa gawo lirilonse la kukula kwake. Mukamabzala mbewu ndi kukula kwa mizu mu cuttings, madzi ofunda, ofewa ndi okhazikika ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuthirira chomera chachikulu chiyeneranso kuchitidwa ndi madzi olekanitsidwa, koma wina ayenera kusiyanitsa kukula kwa nyengo kwa kuthirira mtengo.
M'chaka ndi chilimwe, laurel amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse kuti asawume nthaka. Mu kugwa, kutsirira kwafupika. M'nyengo yozizira, iyenera kukhala yopereŵera, ndipo ngati laurel ili m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutsika pansi pa 6 ° C, ndiye kutsirira kuyenera kuima palimodzi.
Mitengo yaing'ono imafuna kutsanulira masamba kuti ikule bwino, zomera zazikulu zimatulutsidwa kuchotsa fumbi pamtengo ndi korona wa mtengo. Kuwaza feteleza sikufunika kokha pa nthawi ya kuika kwake, komanso nthawi yonse ya moyo wake. Munthu wamkulu wamkulu ndi mtengo wopitirira pang'onopang'ono, kotero kuti muteteze kubzala mbewu, muyenera kusintha pamwamba 3-4 masentimita a nthaka yomwe imakula.
Monga gawo lopangira pamwamba liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, pogwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi la nthaka yofiira, gawo limodzi la tsamba, theka la peat ndi theka la humus. Laurel amadyetsedwa 1-2 pa mwezi panthawi ya kukula kwake, sikoyenera kuchita izi m'nyengo yozizira. Laurel amathandizanso kudyetsa zakudya, zomwe zingagulidwe m'masitolo ogulitsa.
Mukudziwa? Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mineral feteleza osaposa kamodzi pa mwezi.
Mtengo wa Laurel kudulira
Kukonza kumachitika zokha zokongoletsera. Popeza laurel ndi chomera chabwino, imalekerera kwambiri kudulira mitengo. Kunyumba, ikhoza kudula bwino mofanana ndi mpira kapena piramidi. Koma ndi kofunikira kuti tichite kamodzi, ndikupereka chitsamba chofunikirako, mtsogolo, laurel iyenera kukonzedwa ndi mitsetse kuti ikhale nayo. Ziyenera kunyalidwa m'maganizo kuti, ngakhale kuti laurel ndi mwamtendere amatha kudulira, chomerachi chimakula pang'onopang'ono, choncho zimatenga nthawi yaitali kubwezeretsa korona ndikukula.
Ndikofunikira! Kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, isanayambe nyengo yowonjezera ya kukula kwa laurel.
Matenda a mtengo wa laurel ndi mankhwala awo
Mu chilengedwe, laurel ndi zomera zosagonjetsedwa kwambiri, chifukwa cha mafuta ochuluka kwambiri m'mamasamba ake, imayambitsa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Koma kunyumba, matenda nthawi zambiri amakhudza mitengo ya mchere, chinthu chofunikira ndi kupewa matenda komanso chithandizo chawo cha panthawi yake.
Ngati masamba a laurel ayamba kuuma - ndi bwino kupopera mankhwala ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse. Ngati muli wotumbululuka - muyenera kuchotsa dzuwa ndikuwongolera feteleza. Masamba osalimba - izi zikutanthauza kuti kutentha kumene mkulima amakula kumakhala kwakukulu kapena pali madzi osasunthika mumphika.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe angayambitse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda:
- Flap - amakhudza masamba, kusiya brownish-chikasu madontho. Chomera chokhudzidwacho chiyenera kuchoka mwachangu kwa ena onse. Ndi chishango chingamenyedwe ndi mankhwala monga "Aktellik" ndi "Aktara". Kuchokera kuzinthu zosapangidwira zimayenerera vodka ndi madzi a adyo, omwe amawapukuta masamba. Dothi la pansi liyenera kusinthidwa mwamsanga.
- Mealybug - tizilombo tating'onoting'onoting'ono tomwe timataya 5mm. Chizindikiro chake ndi mawonekedwe a chizungu choyera pammera. Zosaneneka bwanji zomera kufa. Pofuna kuchotsa, malo okhudzidwawo ayenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi a sopo, ndipo chitsamba chomwecho chiyenera kuchiritsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Kangaude ndi tizilombo tochepa kwambiri, ndizovuta kuzizindikira. Chimake choyera chimapanga ukonde pakati pa nthambi ndi tsamba. Pofuna kupewa zochitikazo, zomera zimayenera kupepetsedwa nthawi zonse. Ngati kugonjetsedwa kofooka kwa laurel kumapezeka, ndikokwanira kusamba ndi sopo yankho, ndipo ngati zakhudzidwa kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Nkhumba zakuda - zimakhudza masamba a chomeracho, n'kusiya mtundu wofiira. Pakukula kwa mbeu sizingatheke, koma kuwononga maonekedwe ake. Mukhoza kuchotsa, ngati mukupukuta masamba ndi njira yofooka ya tizilombo ndi kuwonjezera soda.
Ndikofunikira! Laurel, wokhudzidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, ayenera kukhala patali nthawi zonse.
