Peyala "Veles", dzina lina la "Daughter Excellent", ndi mapeyala osiyanasiyana, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri chifukwa chopereka zipatso, kukana matenda a fungal ndi enviable chisanu kukana. M'nkhaniyi, tidzakhala ndi peyala ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Veles", tidzakambirana zomwe zimabzala ndikukula mapeyala, kusonkhanitsa ndi kusunga, komanso ubwino ndi zovuta za zosiyanasiyana.
Peyala "Veles": kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana
Pear mtengo sredneroslye. Korona wazitsulo zake, ndipo kenako piramiidal, sing'anga wambiri. Nthambizo ndi zakuda, zazitali komanso zokhota. Fruiting, makamaka amaganizira kolchatkah. Mphukira ndi yaikulu, bulauni, brownish. Masamba ndi owopsa, ofewa, obiriwira, obiriwira bwino pamphepete, amakhala ochepa thupi, otalika kwambiri. Mtengo umaphuka ndi masamba oyera ndi onunkhira m'chaka. Zipatso zimapangidwa m'chilimwe, ndipo zipse kumayambiriro kwa August. 
Zipatso za peyala ndizopakatikati, pafupifupi 200 g, chikasu chobiriwira mtundu ndi mthunzi wofiira kapena wa lalanje. Peduncle yokhotakhota, yaitali. Iwo ali ndi malire ozungulira, opanda nthiti, mawonekedwe. Mnofu ndi wowometsera, wofewa, wowometsera, wamafuta ochepa. Zipatso ndi zokoma. Kulima zipatso kumayamba m'chisanu - chaka chachisanu ndi chiwiri.
Mukudziwa? Mudziko muli mitundu yoposa zikwi zitatu za mapeyala.
Malamulo a kubzala mapeyala "Veles"
Mitengo ya peyala ya "Veles" imakonda nthaka yabwino, ndipo ndi zofunika kuti mchenga ukhale pansi pa chonde chachonde: izi zimakhudza kwambiri mizu. Kusankha bwino mbande, malo, kubzala - chitsimikizo kuti peyala idzabweretsa mowolowa manja.
Momwe mungasankhire mbande chifukwa chodzala
Pofuna kubzala, sankhani mbande zabwino zokhala ndi nthambi zing'onozing'ono.
Pogula mbande, yang'anani mosamala mizu yawo. Iwo sayenera kukhala owuma, popanda kuwononga, osachepera 25 masentimita m'litali.
Kusankha malo pansi pa peyala
Peyala "Veles" thermophilic. Dzuwa, malo opanda mphepo ndi abwino, ndipo kukula kwa mitengo ndi mlingo wa shuga wokhutira zipatso kumadalira pa izo. Njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vutoli ndi kubzala mtengo wa peyala pamalo owala pafupi ndi nyumbayo. Choncho mumateteza peyala kuchokera ku mphepo ndi chisanu. Mukhozanso kuyala peyala mmunda pakati pa mitengo ina ya zipatso. Mukhoza kupeza zokolola zambiri kuchokera ku mtengo wa pepala la Veles ngati ikukula pa nthaka, ya mchenga kapena ya mchenga.
Ndikofunikira! Pa nthaka dothi, peyala siimakula bwino ndipo imabala zipatso.
Nthawi ndi dongosolo lofika
N'zotheka kudzala peyala kumayambiriro kwa masika ndi m'dzinja. Kubzala mitundu yamapichesi "Veles" kumapeto kwa nyengo imateteza mtengo ku makoswe, kuwonjezera apo, m'nyengo yozizira imakula mizu ya mtengo, yomwe idzamuthandiza kuti asamangidwe bwino.
Poti mubzala mu kugwa, ndiye chomera peyala mu theka lachiwiri la September, masabata angapo isanayambe chisanu. Mitsuko iyeneranso kukonzekera pasadakhale.
Chombocho chiyenera kukumba pafupifupi mita mamita ndi 40-50 cm zakuya. Pansi pa dzenje liyenera kumasulidwa ndi feteleza zowonjezeredwa pamenepo (kusakanizana mofanana ndi nthaka yachonde ndi peat kapena humus). Pa dzenje limodzi zimatengera zidebe ziwiri kapena zitatu. Zolemba zimapangidwa pamakoma a dzenje kuti ziwone bwino mpweya ndikuwongolera mizu. Mukamabzala mapeyala kutsatira malangizo enieni:
- Kumenya tsamba pakatikati pa dzenje la pulasitala kuti lisasinthe.
- Pogwiritsa ntchito mmera, fufuzani kuti khosi lili ndi masentimita 2-3 pamwamba pa nthaka.
- Pang'onopang'ono kutsanulira mtengowo ndi nthaka, pakumwa madzi nthawi ndi nthawi, kugwedeza ndi kukokerapo pang'ono (kugawa mofanana malo pakati pa mizu).
- Pamapeto pake, nthaka iyenera kuoneka ngati matope.
- Kuchokera pamwamba, phulani dzenje ndi nthaka yotsalira, pangani mbali yozungulira peyala ndikutsanulira ndi zidebe ziwiri kapena zitatu za madzi.
- Pambuyo pa madzi, madziwa amathiridwa ndi peat kapena utuchi.
Ndikofunikira! Poyala peyala m'chaka, konzekerani dzenje m'dzinja. Pambuyo pake, mtengo umene wabzalidwa mu dzenje latsopano umasokonezeka chifukwa cha kusungidwa kwa nthaka.
Mmene mungamere peyala "Veles" pakhomo lawo lachilimwe, makamaka chisamaliro
Peyala "Veles" imafuna chisamaliro chapamwamba kwa iwo okha, kuti abereke zipatso mowolowa manja. Chomeracho chiyenera kudyetsedwa, kuthiriridwa, kumasula nthaka, namsongole, namsongole, kudula nthambi, kuonetsetsa kuti palibe tizirombo tomwe tikuwonekera, komanso kuti tipewe njira zothetsera matenda ndi nthawi.
Momwe mungamwetse peyala
Kuthirira ndi kofunika kwambiri kwa mbewu, palimodzi kwa sapling, ndi mtengo waukulu. Mbewu yaing'ono imayenera kuthiriridwa kawiri kapena katatu pa sabata (pa chomera chimodzi cha madzi 2). Mitengo yokhwima iyeneranso kuthirira, makamaka pamene ayamba kubereka zipatso. Anamwetsa katatu kapena kanayi pamwezi. Kuthirira kumachitika m'mawa kapena madzulo.
Ndikofunikira! Lembani chomeracho ndi madzi zisakhale, chifukwa mizu yake imakula mokwanira kuti idye chakudya.
Peyala ikhoza kuthiriridwa mothandizidwa ndi njira zowonongeka pamene madzi akugwa pansi (njira ya mvula) komanso ndizitsulo (pafupifupi masentimita 15 muzama) kuzungulira mtengo womwe madzi akuyenda. Madzi amagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mizu imatenga chinyezi chofunikira.
Manyowa ndi nkhuni za feteleza
Nthaka yachonde imataya nthawi ndikutaya zakudya. Choncho Mankhwala ndi zakudya zamchere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zibwezeretsedwe. Chakudya chokwanira cha mitengo ya peyala chidzabweretsa kukolola kwakukulu. Mitengo ya peyala imadyetsedwa kangapo pachaka. Chomera feteleza choyamba chimapangidwa musanayambe maluwa, omwe carbimide, saltpeter kapena urea amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chachiwiri chimadyetsa kumapeto kwa maluwa a peyala, ndiyeno feteleza "wobiriwira" amagwiritsidwa ntchito - chakudya chakudya, manyowa, masamba, udzu. Iwo amaikidwa mu ngalande yakumba kuzungulira mtengo ndi wokutidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Zonsezi zosakaniza zikuvunda ndipo zimapereka chakudya chowonjezera ku mtengo. Kuvala kachitatu kumapangidwa pakati pa September ndi feteleza zamchere, phulusa kapena utuchi.
Ndikofunikira! Kupanga nayitrogeni m'nyengo yozizira sikuletsedwa.
Zonse zokhudzana ndi kudulira mitundu ya mapeyala "Veles"
Kudulira mapeyala "Veles" amafunika kuti nthambi zonse za zomera zikhale ndi kuwala kokwanira kuti zikule.
Kudulira mbande
Musanadzalemo mchenga wachinyamata umadulidwa. Nthambi zonse zimachepetsedwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu. Motero, korona wamtsogolo umapangidwa. Kudulira kotsatira kumene kumachitika mu kasupe, mpaka masambawo atha kutupa.
Chomera chachikulu chimadulira
Mu mitengo yayikulu, nthambi zomwe ziri pansi zimachotsedwa kwathunthu, mphukira zofooka ndipo makamaka nthambi zonse zodwala ndi zakale.
Ndikofunikira! Nthambi zambiri sizingathe kudulidwa panthawi imodzimodzi, zimaloledwa kuchotsa chigawo chimodzi chokha cha nambala yonse. Malo odulidwa sliced ndi mafuta utoto, munda phula kapena phala-putty.
Njira Zobereketsera Peyala
Peyala ikhoza kuchulukana ndi mbewu ndi vegetatively (kuika, cuttings, grafting). Kufalikira ndi mbewu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu yatsopano ya mapeyala mwa kupanga mwa mitundu mitundu, mitundu ndi hybrids. Peyala "Veles" kawirikawiri imafalitsidwa ndi kuika ndi kudula.
Kubalana ndi cuttings
Peyala cuttings ndi yokolola m'nyengo yozizira. Nthambi yayikulu yomwe ili ndi nkhuni zaka ziwiri imatengedwa ndikuphwanyika popanda kubvula makungwa. Ngati nthambi yayitali, ikuphwanyidwa m'malo ambiri. Kutalika kwa kutalika kwa cuttings kumatengedwa kuti ndi 15-20 cm kutalika. Malo a fractures mu chigawo cha hafu yaying'ono ali atakulungidwa ndi pulasitala, tepi yamakono kapena tepi. Ndiye nthambi imayikidwa ku ndodo kapena waya. Zovala ndi chokonza zimachotsedwa kumapeto kwa March, ndipo nthambi imadulidwa ku cuttings paziphuphu. 
Mu botolo la pulasitiki lamadzimadzi awiri kutsanulira madzi otungunuka (mpaka kutalika kwa 5-7 masentimita), mapiritsi angapo ofika mpweya amasungunuka mmenemo, ndipo 10-12 cuttings alowetsedwa mmenemo m'munsimu magawo. Botolo imayikidwa pamalo okongola. Pambuyo pa masabata angapo, masamba a callus amapanga m'munsimu ndipo mizu ikuyamba kukula. Pakadutsa mizu ya kutalika kwa masentimita 5-7, iwo amabzala pamalo otseguka m'nthaka yachonde. Poyamba, amakhutitsidwa ndi mthunzi wowala. Cuttings ayenera kuthiriridwa, kudyetsedwa, namsongole, ndi kugwa iwo ayang'ana kale ngati mbande ziwiri mpaka zitatu zakale.
Kubalanso poyika
Sizingatheke kuponyera nthambi ya peyala pansi, koma njira yoberekerayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika: bokosi lokhala ndi nthaka yachonde imayikidwa pansi pa nthambi, makoma a bokosiwo ali ndi polyethylene (kuti achepetse kutuluka kwa madzi kuchokera pansi), nthambi ya peyala ikugwera ku bokosi, ndipo ikugwiritsira ntchito pansi , kudulidwa kambiri kumapangidwe pa makungwa ake, kenaka nthambi imakhomedwa ndikuikidwa m'manda mu bokosi. Pamapeto pa njira zonsezi, pamwamba pa nthaka m'bokosili muli ndi filimu, zojambulapo, kapena zogwiritsa ntchito kompositi.
Nthaka imayenera kusungidwa pang'ono. Mizu imapangidwa mapeto a nyengo isanayambe, koma adzalinso ofooka kwambiri kuti asinthe. M'nyengo yozizira, nthambiyi ili ndi nthambi za spruce, ndipo matalala a snowtri amatsitsidwa m'bokosilo. Kawirikawiri, njira yakukula chidutswa cha peyala ya Veles ndi zaka ziwiri. Kenaka imachotsedwa ku mtengo wa mayi ndipo imaikidwa ngati sapling yachibadwa. Mwa njira, cuttings pachimake ndi kubala zipatso pamaso mbande. Ndipo njira iyi imasunga mitundu yonse ya mtengo wa mayi.
Mukudziwa? Mtundu wapafupi kwambiri wa peyala ndi duwa.
Kukolola ndi Kusungirako
Mapeyala otsekemera amadziwika ndi mtundu (pamene zipatso zimatuluka chikasu, zatuluka) ndipo ndi kuchuluka kwa mapeyala (zipatso zokolola zimakhala zochepetsetsa). Kututa kumapeto kwa August - oyambirira a September. Kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi mukhoza kusonkhanitsa kuchokera ku 50 mpaka 100 makilogalamu a mapeyala. Zipatso zipse nthawi yomweyo. Koma ndibwino kusonkhanitsa magawo awiri: zipatso zoyamba zazikulu zimasonkhanitsidwa (mu 20 August), ndipo kuyambira pakati pa September - zonse.
Ngati zipatsozo zinkasungunuka pang'ono, ndiye kuti zikhoza kusungidwa m'firiji mpaka November. Zipatso zomwe zimatulutsidwa kwa nthawi yaitali sizothandiza, zimagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito mwatsopano kapena ntchito yokolola. Amasunga mapeyala m'chipinda chapansi m'mabokosi kapena pamatumba omwe ali ndi pepala kale. Peyala iliyonse panthawi yomweyi yophimbidwa mu zoonda, pepala lofewa kapena mapepala a peppered kapena mchenga woyera. Dulani chinyezi m'munsi kuti mapeyala asapota, komanso pansi pano pasakhale fungo lopangidwa ndi nkhungu.
Mukudziwa? Homer anatcha peyala "mphatso ya milungu." Kale ku Greece, peyala ankagwiritsidwa ntchito monga machiritso achilengedwe kuti azisamalidwa bwino.
Peyala "Veles": zoyenera ndi zovuta za zosiyanasiyana
Ubwino wa peyala ya kalasi ya "Veles":
- Zipatso zokoma;
- Maonekedwe okongola;
- Chisamaliro;
- Kukana kwa matenda a fungal;
- Zokolola zazikulu;
- Nthawi zonse fruiting.
- Zipatso zimakwera pa zokolola zambiri ndipo mtengo ukakula;
- Impso zimafota pamene zipatso zipse;
- Kutha pang'ono kulowa fruiting siteji.
Mukudziwa? Mu Roma wakale, mapeyala anaperekedwa kwa Venus, Pomonia ndi Kumwera cha Kum'maŵa, komanso mu nthano zachi Greek kwa Aphrodite ndi Hera.
Mukadula pepala la "Veles" mu chiwembu chanu, simungadandaule. Zakudya zokoma, zowutsa mudyo, zonunkhira sizidzasiya aliyense.
