Echeveria - chisamaliro chakunyumba, kufalitsa ndi masamba ndi masoketi, mitundu yazithunzi

Echeveria kapena mwala unanyamuka, monga amatchedwanso chifukwa chowoneka ngati maluwa, - chomera chokongola chosafunikira chisamaliro chachikulu. Malo otentha, owala bwino - ndizofunikira zomera. Poyankha, ibweretsa chipululu chowotcha "zest" m'chipinda chilichonse chamkati.

Ndi chomera chamuyaya kuchokera ku banja la Tolstyankovye, chili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 150. Malo obadwira Echeveria ndi Central ndi South America.

Rosette, wokhala ndi masentimita 10 mpaka 40, amafanana ndi duwa lakuumbwa. Chimakula pang'onopang'ono: mchaka chimatulutsa masamba angapo atsopano ndi mwana wamkazi. Dongosolo lamizu ndilapamwamba. Masamba ofiira amtali amatalika masentimita 3 mpaka 20, m'lifupi mwake masentimita 1 mpaka 15, okhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira omaliza. Pepala lanyimbo limatha kukhala losalala kapena pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Kutengera mitundu, mtundu wa masamba ndiwobiliwira, amtundu wamtambo, ofiira kapena ofiira.

Zothandiza katundu

Zimalemeretsa mlengalenga ndi ozoni, ma ioni am'mlengalenga ndi mpweya, zimawonjezera chinyezi cha chilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa chipindacho. Imathandizira kuyamwa kwamawu. Timapanga malo okongoletsa m'nyumba kapena muofesi.

Momwe mungapangire pachimake

Echeveria limamasula mu zaka 2-3 za moyo. Kuti mulimbikitse maluwa, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kutentha kwa zomwe zili mumadigiri 15-18 ndikuwonjezera nthawi ya maola masana mpaka maola 12-13.

Pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5-2, muvi wamaluwa uyenera kuwoneka. Pambuyo pake, onjezerani pang'ono kuthilira ndikudyetsa duwa ndi feteleza wa maluwa.

Mawonekedwe akukula kunyumba. Mwachidule

Kusamalira echeveria kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Kusamalira echeveria m'malo amchipinda ndikosavuta ndipo osati kolemetsa. Chofunika kwambiri ndikulemekeza mbewuyo chifukwa cha masamba osalimba omwe amakhala ndi chipolopolo chaching'ono, chomwe ndi chosavuta kuwononga. Chifukwa chake, kulumikizana kulikonse ndi maluwa kumachepetsedwa bwino.

Maluwa

Mitundu yambiri echeveria limamasula masika ndi chilimwe kwa masabata 2-4. Rosetteyo imatulutsa lotalika (mpaka 70 masentimita) pafupi ndi maluwa kapena ofukula.

Mtundu wa ma petals umatengera mtundu wa kuwunikira: pakuwala kosachedwa - chikasu, chowala - lalanje kapena chofiira. Pambuyo maluwa, ana amatha kumapeto kwa peduncle.

Njira yotentha

Zomera zimakonda kutentha. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa icho chilimwe ndi madigiri 20-27, nthawi yozizira - madigiri 10-15, koma osatsika kuposa 6. Kwa mitundu yomwe imaphukira nthawi yozizira, kutentha kuyenera kusungidwa pa madigiri 18-20.

Masamba a mbewu amakonda kwambiri kuzizira ndi chisanu, mothandizidwa ndi iwo, malo ogulitsira amawonda kwambiri.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuteteza mwala kuti udzutse kuchokera ku mphepo yozizira pomwe ukuyandama nthawi yozizira.

Kuwaza

Indoor eheveria imakonda chinyezi chotsika, imamva bwino ngakhale m'dera lomwe likugwira ntchito magetsi othandizira. Chifukwa chake, kupopera mbewu kapena kuwongolera kwina kwa mlengalenga sikufunika.

Kuwala

Popeza ndi mbadwa ya chipululu ndi chipululu, amafunika kuyatsa kowala, samawopa kuyatsidwa ndi dzuwa. Malo abwino kwambiri ndi koloko yotseka kumwera kapena kumwera chakum'mawa. Chomera chimatha kulekerera pang'ono, komabe, motere, rosette imatalika motalika.

M'nyengo yotentha, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizipititsa kunja kumweya wabwino: kukhonde kapena kumunda, ndikusamalira malo otetezedwa ndi mvula ndi mphepo.

Kuthirira

Pokhala wokoma mtima, echeveria imafunikira kuthirira pang'ono komanso ngakhale kuthirira. M'nyengo yotentha, nthaka imasungunuka pafupifupi nthawi 1 pa sabata kuchokera pomwe dothi lamphika limakhala lowuma masentimita 3-5. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa nthawi imodzi pamwezi.

Pakunyowa, ndikofunikira kupewa kuthira madzi masamba koma makamaka mkati mwa malo - izi zimayamba kuwola. Mukathirira, thirani madzi otsalawo poto. Lamuloli likugwira ntchito: ndibwino kuti musangodumphira kuposa kutsanulira.

Pakathirira, madzi kapena mvula ya chipinda kutentha imagwiritsidwa ntchito..

Mphika

Popeza echeveria imakhala ndi mizu yopanda malire, imafunikira mphika waukulu koma wosaya. Muli mulingo woyenera kwambiri kuti mulingo wake ukhale wokulirapo masentimita 1.5-2 kuposa m'mimba mwake. Kukhalapo kwa mabowo okwanira kumakakamiza, mwinanso, chifukwa chazinyumba, mizu imayamba kuvunda.

Dothi

Echeveria yakunyumba imafunikira dothi lopanda michere popanda kulowera kumchenga. Gawo labwino kwambiri la malo ogulitsira.

Ngati kuli kotheka kukonzekera kusakaniza nokha, mutha kusankha imodzi mwanjira:

• Magawo awiri a mchenga, gawo limodzi la tsamba ndi tsamba la turf;
• Magawo awiri a mchenga wowuma, gawo limodzi la peat, gawo limodzi la dothi lodzaza.

Popewa kuwola kwa mizu mu osakaniza, mutha kuwonjezera pang'ono makala ophwanyika.

Pansi pamafunika kuyala chigawo chonyowa, chomwe chimakhala 1/3 yamphika. Mu mawonekedwe ake, miyala, miyala yolumikizidwa, njerwa yosweka, ma shothi odongo angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Echeveria safuna kuvala kwapafupipafupi. Ndikokwanira munthawi yakula (kasupe ndi chilimwe) kumudyetsa kamodzi pamwezi ndi feteleza wosavuta wamankhwala (cacti) mu theka.

Zowonjezera mchere zimatha kuwononga mizu yokhazikika ya mbewu.

Thirani

Kuika kwa echeveria kumachitika bwino kwambiri mu nthawi ya masika, nthawi imeneyo kumatha kulekerera kupsinjika ndikuyambiranso kukula mwachangu.

Zoyimira zazing'ono zimasinthidwa pachaka, akulu - monga amafunikira, pakatha zaka 3-4 zilizonse. Msika uliwonse amalangizidwa kuti asinthe pamwamba.

Kuika kumachitika mosamala kwambiri kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa mizu yosalimba ndi masamba.

Kuthirira musanatsanulidwe ayenera kuchepetsedwa ndikuika maluwa ndi dothi louma lapansi.

Kudulira

Kudulira kwamtundu wa maluwa sikutanthauza. Nthawi ndi nthawi, masamba owuma amachotsedwa kuti asunge mawonekedwe okongoletsa a mbewu.

Ngati nthawi yozizira yatula kwambiri, mutha kudulira pamwamba, ndikusiya "chitsa" 3-4 cm. Chifukwa chake echeveria idzapanganso, ndipo mphukira zatsopano zimakula.

Nthawi yopumula

Mitundu yambiri imakhala matalala m'nyengo yozizira. Pakadali pano, chomera chiyenera kusungidwa bwino komanso kutentha kwa madigiri 8-15. Kutsirira kumachepetsedwa 1 nthawi pamwezi.

Kodi ndingachoke osachoka patchuthi?

Echeveria ndi mbewu yolimba kwambiri. Mukayikayika pawindo lowoneka bwino ndikuwanyowetsa dothi, mutha kuchoka kwa masabata awiri popanda kuda nkhawa za duwa.

Kuswana

Echeveria amafalitsa kunyumba m'njira ziwiri zazikulu: tsamba ndi rosettes.

Kufalikira kwa Echeveria ndi tsamba

Tsamba lathanzi lathanzi limatuluka pang'onopang'ono ndikuwuma panja kwa maola 2-3. Kenako tsamba limakankhira pang'ono dothi losakaniza echeveria. Dziko lapansi limanyowa kuchokera ku botolo lothira. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi polyethylene kapena galasi ndikuyiyika pamalo owala, otentha (25 degrees). Wobiriwira ndiwowonjezera tsiku ndi tsiku ndi wothira ngati pakufunika.

Pakatha milungu iwiri, mwana m'modzi kapena angapo ayenera kuwoneka pansi. Zomera zazing'ono zitha kuziika m'miphika umodzi pomwe tsamba la chiberekero limawuma.

Kubalana ndi rosettes

Chotulutsa choyambira kapena chapapa chimadulidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Masamba apansi amachotsedwa mosamala. Malowo amawuma panja kwa maola awiri, kenako nkudzalidwa panthaka yonyowa kuti echeveria. Chomera chimasungidwa pa kutentha kwa madigiri 22-25. Chomera chomera chizika mizu pakatha mwezi umodzi.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Kawirikawiri zomwe zimayambukiridwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, izi nthawi zina zimatha kuchitika chifukwa chosasamalidwa bwino.

Nawa mavuto akuluakulu komanso zomwe zimayambitsa kupezeka kwawo:

• Amasuntha maziko a malo ogulitsira - kuthirira kwambiri.
• Mawanga achikasu pamasamba - kusayenda kwamadzi munthaka kapena matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
• Madontho a bulauni pamasamba eheveria ndimatenda oyamba ndi mafangasi.
• Masamba adayamba kufewa, chikasu ndikuyamba kuvunda. - chinyezi chithaphwi pakati penipeni.
• Adatambasulidwa - Kusowa kwounikira.
• Anataya turgor - kuthirira kosakwanira.
• Masamba ndi zimayambira zimasanduka zakuda - kutentha kochepa, kuthirira kwa nthaka.

Nthawi zina amakhudzidwa ndi kangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba, mealybug.

Mitundu ya echeveria kunyumba ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Echeveria wachisomo (Echeveria elegans)

Imakhala ndi tsinde lalikulu mpaka 5 cm. Masamba obiriwira opepuka okhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa buluu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe. Amafika kutalika kwa 6 masentimita ndipo mulifupi mwake 1 cm.Maluwa ndi ofiira amtundu wa lalanje ndi pamwamba pake.

Echeveria meaty (Echeveria carnicolor)

Masamba apakatikati apakati amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira.

Echeveria glauca (Echeveria glauca)

Amakhala ndi masamba obiriwira amtundu wamtambo wamtambo wokhala ndi m'malire a pinki mozungulira. Mu mawonekedwe iwo amafanana ndi supuni. Ma lateral peduncles amasangalala ndi maluwa a lalanje omwe amatengedwa mu inflorescence.

Echeveria Black Prince

Mtundu wosakanizidwa wokhala ndi masamba ofiira. Danga lamkati ndi malo okufika mpaka masentimita 15. Maluwa ndi ofiira ofiira kapena lalanje pamtunda wapamwamba.

Echeveria-tsitsi loyera (Echeveria leucotricha)

Ili ndi tsinde lalifupi. Dongosolo lakugulitsira limafikira masentimita 15. Lanceolate, mawonekedwe kuchokera kumbuyo, masamba amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wokhala ndi malekezero a bulauni. Chigawo chonse cha masamba chimakutidwa ndi mulu wakuda bii. Kutalika kwa masamba - 6-10 masentimita, m'lifupi - masentimita 1-3.Pamtunda wautali, mpaka 50 cm, maluwa ofiira ofiira amatengedwa mu inflorescence.

Echeveria wanzeru (Echeveria fulgens Lera)

Malingaliro amadziwika ndi kuthedwa nzeru. Tsokalo mayi amatulutsa mphukira zakuda ndi zigawo za ana aakazi kumapeto. Tsamba lamasamba, lalitali 10cm mpaka 5 cm mulifupi, limakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira-burgundy ndi sera wonyezimira.

Echeveria Derenbergii

Imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira otambalala mpaka masentimita 6. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira omwe ali ndi malangizo apinki amakhala ndi kutalika kwa 4 cm, m'lifupi mwake mpaka 2 cm.