Grivun ndi mtundu wa njiwa wa ku Russia, umene umapezeka masiku ano ndipo umalemekezedwa pakati pa akatswiri ambiri ogwira ntchito. Mbiri ya mbalamezi, njira yodziwika ndi kuthawa ndi maonekedwe sizingasiyane ndi mbalame iliyonse yokonda.
Mbiri yamabambo
Mbiri ya chiyambi cha grivunas imayamba ku Perm Territory, pamene mu 1930 Mmodzi Subbotin adatengera mtunduwu mwa kudutsa mwachindunji oimira nkhunda zosiyanasiyana.
Mukudziwa? Gulu la nkhunda la masomphenya limakula kwambiri kuposa munthu. Mbalame ya retina imatha kuona mafelemu 75 pamphindi, pomwe diso la munthu limatha kugwira 24. Pamene tikuyang'ana chakudya, mbalame siziwopsyeza ndi mphezi, kutsegula pafupi kapena dzuwa - maso awo amatetezedwa ndi minofu yogwirizana, yomwe imasintha unyinji.
Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yothamanga, kupirira kolimba, chitetezo chokwanira komanso magazi osadetsedwa, omwe potsirizira pake, adatchuka. Pakalipano, mitundu yambiri ingathe kupezeka pafupifupi pafupifupi iliyonse yapadera kapena yotsekemera.
Maonekedwe a oimira Perm
Kuwonekera kwa nkhunda yamkuntho yowuluka kwambiri ndi yodabwitsa ndi yolondola mwa njira yake yomwe:
- mitu yoyandikana;
- maso aakulu, akuda bulauni ndi nzeru zamunthu;
- Mlomo wamkati ndi wolunjika, amaluma mopanda chitukuko;
- thupi lokhala ndi thupi lolemera kwambiri (35-37 cm);
- khosi lamphamvu, kutembenukira kumtunda, kukwera pamwamba pa chifuwa;
- mapiko apakati, kufika pamchira wandiweyani ndi nthenga 12 yamchira;
Ndikofunikira! Grivunas mwangwiro mlengalenga. Ndili ndi zaka, amayamba kumva mphepo, mabingu ndi mvula.
- chotsitsa;
- zofiira zofiira miyendo yopanda nthenga;
- mafupa amphamvu ndi minofu yotukuka bwino;
- mvula ndi yamphamvu, yolimba ndi yosalala;
- mtundu woyera. Kumbuyo kwa mutu pali malo osiyana - mbali yaikulu ya nkhunda ya Permian.
Mitundu ina ya hryvnia
Kuwonjezera pa oimira a Perm a mtundu wa hryvnia, pali mitundu ingapo mitundu yomwe mayina awo akugwirizana ndi malo omwe amakhala:
- Mbalame zotchedwa southern grrizas zimachokera ku Nikolaev ya ku Ukraine. Kusiyanasiyana ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kosiyana ndi kukula. Mtundu wa mane wawo ukhoza kusiyana ndi mandimu ku chitumbuwa.
- Mbalame za Kirov zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa nkhwangwa. Nthawi zina pangakhale mawonekedwe oyambirira, mwachitsanzo, mtundu wofiira wa nthenga ndi khosi loyera, kapena loyera kwambiri.
- Kazan;
- Yaroslavl;
- Bugulminskie.
Dzidziwenso ndi mitundu ya nkhunda zazikulu, nkhalango ndi nkhunda zakutchire, mitundu ya njiwa zabwino kwambiri, mtundu wa njiwa, mitundu ya nkhunda, ndi nkhunda zazikulu kwambiri.
Kuthamanga kwa ndege
Nkhunda za perm zimayamikira kwambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko chifukwa cha kuthawa kwawo kosangalatsa, kokongola. Hryvun imanyamuka mofulumira komanso mofulumira, kenako imagwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwazovala.
Nthaŵi zambiri mbalame zimayenda mozungulira, koma siziuluka mofanana ndi mapiko. Gulu lolimba la mbalame limatuluka mopitirira mmwamba, ndiye anthu angapo amayamba kulandira mofulumira kwambiri ndikuchotsa ku gulu lalikulu. Pang'onopang'ono nkhunda zouluka zimasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri mbalame zimafika pamtunda.
Mbalame zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zotsalira ku Perm zinalandira dzina lakuti "diamondi" - zimayamikira kwambiri ndi golubevodami ndipo zimawononga ndalama zambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Grivunas amatha kukhala motalika kwambiri kuthawa, kuzungulira 7Maola 10 Mu njira zambiri, izi zimakhudzidwa ndi nyengo yabwino yopanda mphepo, koma mvula imachepetsa nthawi yomwe imakhala mlengalenga.
Kukana komanso zovuta
Tsoka ilo, monga mtundu wina uliwonse, hryvnia ili ndi zovuta zake. Zingathe kudziwika mosavuta ndi akatswiri obereketsa nkhunda ndi kugawidwa kukhala ololedwa komanso mopanda chilolezo (kukana).
Zolondola
Akatswiri ovomerezeka ndi awa:
- mdima wakuda;
- maso ndi maso opindika;
- nsonga zapamwamba, zamphongo;
- mtundu wosagawanika;
- chowongolera;
- mthunzi wa "owl" wamfupi kapena wochepa.
Chosavomerezeka
Zizindikiro zosonyeza "ukwati" womaliza mwa mtundu:
- chitoliro chakuda;
- chithunzi;
- chifuwa chofooka ndi chowotcha;
- Mchira waukulu sunatsekedwe kumapeto;
- lamulo lolimba la thupi;
- maso;
- Mapfupi, mapiko kapena osatseka mapiko;
- Mtundu wa nthenga zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi mtunduwu ndi chitsanzo chosiyana.
Mukudziwa? Malingana ndi a annals, ngakhale Genghis Khan ndi Julius Caesar ankagwiritsa ntchito njiwa kuti azitenga makalata. Ndipo mu Middle Ages, nkhunda yabwino yonyamula nkhunda inali yofanana ndi mtengo wa stallion.
Ngakhale zili zochepa, nkhumba za Permian zoweta zimatha kukongoletsa ma dovecote ndi mawonekedwe awo, komanso kwa nthawi yaitali kukondweretsa wokhala ndi ndege yabwino kwambiri.
Nkhunda za Manes: kanema
Perm Hryvnas: ndemanga
