Sichinsinsi kuti anthu okhala muchilimwe ndi olima dimba, akubzala mitengo yazipatso pachimake, amalota za m'munda womwe udzasangalale ndi zipatso zambiri. Komabe, mbande zomwe sizigulidwa nthawi zonse zimakwaniritsa zoyembekezera. Wamaluwa sataya mtima, zinthuzi zingakonzedwe nthawi zonse. Pa mitengo ikuluikulu, mutha kutemera odulidwa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikututa kwakanthawi.
Ogulitsa minda Amateur omwe adapanga minda yamphesa yamatsenga yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazipatso pa thunthu limodzi ali okonzeka kugawana ndi oyimba m'munda woyamba momwe angabzalire mitengo ndi zanzeru za njirayi.
Njira Katemera
Katemera ndi ntchito yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa. Chachikulu sikuti muchikuta: osalandira katemera pamitengo yazipatso zosiyanasiyana zomwe sizigwirizana. Zitachitika izi, mtengo umayamba kupweteka, masamba amayamba kuchepa, ndipo umamwalira pakapita nthawi.
Chifukwa chiyani Ankalumikiza mitengo yazipatso
Katemera wa mitengo ndi njira yophunzitsira zomera. Ngati wokonza dimba akufuna kusintha mitengo yazipatso yakale kapena yodwala, simungathe kuchita katemera. Poterepa, mmera umabwereza zabwino zomwe zimabzala. Kapenanso, mitundu ingapo imabzalidwa pa thunthu lomwelo kuti lipulumutse malo m'mundamo.
Kodi stock ndi scion ndi chiani?
Kubzala mbewu zatsopano, wamaluwa amatemera pogwiritsa ntchito scion ndi stock. Mwa chilankhulo chomveka, uku ndikumazidwa kwa tinthu timene timalowa m'zinthu zina.
Mtengo waukulu womwe adalumikizidwa kumtengowo umatchedwa stock. Chifukwa chake, masamba ndi kudulidwa kwa mtengo wina kumatchedwa scion.
Wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuti aphunzire mosamala za momwe zimagwirira ntchito ndi mbewu asanazipatse katemera. Simungathe kuphatikiza mbewu ziwiri zokha. Payenera kukhala ubale wapabanja pakati pawo, choncho musanalande mtengo, muyenera kudziwa malo omwe ndi oyenera kutsatira njirayi.
Kulowetsa mbewu yobzalidwa kuthengo
Ogwira ntchito zaunamwino alibe chidziwitso chokwanira chokhudzana ndi momwe amafunikira, koma katemera amawoneka kuti ndi opambana ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana idalumikizidwa kumtundu umodzi wa mbewu. Ndiye kuti muyenera kubzala mitundu ya apulo pamtunda wa apulo, ndi mitundu ya peyala pa mtengo wa peyala. Pali zosiyana zina. Mwachitsanzo, kumezanitsa kwa maula kudula mizu kumazika mizu pa chitumbuwa, ndimu yodulidwa - pa lalanje.
Yang'anani! Mukamapanga mitundu yazomera zokongoletsera, zikhalidwe zakutali zitha kuphatikizidwa.
Momwe mungasankhire katundu
Zitsamba zodula zimasankhidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizidwa. Awa ndiye maziko a mtengo wamtsogolo, pomwe mmera udzamera. Kukula ndi zipatso, komanso mawonekedwe a zipatsozo, zimadalira malo omwe amasankhidwa bwino.
Mtengo wosweka womwe umakhalabe wamphamvu, chitsa wokhala ndi mizu yabwino, kapena mtundu wamtchire wolumikizana ungakhale ngati katundu. Zodulidwazo zimamera bwino pamtengo womwe umakwanitsa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Imakhala ndi mizu yokhazikitsidwa yomwe imapereka chakudya kwa phesi yolumikizidwa kwa iyo.
Momwe mungasankhire scion
Kuphatikiza kumayenera kusankhidwa kuti kukwanirane ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu monga zipatso, kukana chisanu, ndi kukana matenda. Olima odziwa zamaluwa amalangizidwa kuti atenge magawo omwe amafanana ndi madera omwe akukula ngati scion.
Mutha kudzipanga nokha kukhathamiritsa nokha.
Kukonzekera kwa odulidwa
Nthawi yakukonzekera kudula kwa katemera ndi kutha kwa nthawi yophukira komanso kutha kwa dzinja. Nthawi zambiri wamaluwa amakonda kupanga kukolola kwa yophukira kwa masamba atagwa, ndi isanayambike chisanu choyamba. Pakadali pano, kupezeka ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mafangasi kumachitika, mbewuyo imalowa gawo lonse la kupumula kwathunthu.
Zidulidwa zabwino kwambiri
M'dzinja lakumapeto, kudulidwa kwa mtengo wazipatso wosankhidwa kumasankhidwa. Nthawi zambiri zaka zake zimakhala zaka zitatu mpaka 7. Tsinde limatha kukhala ndi kutalika kosaposa masentimita 40. Dongosolo lake ndi lalikulu masentimita 5-7. Liyenera kukhala ndi kukula ndi masamba anayi ophukika. Mtunda pakati pa malo afupifupi. Zachilengedwe zayika mu phesi yaying'ono kuti zitheke kubala mtengo wokhazikika ndi zinthu za amayi zomwe zimasinthidwa.
Ngati sizotheka kukolola odula mu kugwa, amadulidwa kumayambiriro kwamasika. Nthawi yabwino pa izi ndi Marichi-Epulo, kutengera gawo la kukula kwa mbewuzo. Kulumikizidwa kwa chilimwe kwa mitengo yazipatso ndi kudulidwa kobiriwira kumapereka zotsatira zabwino. M'chilimwe, amadula asanadulidwe. Olima odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsidwa kuti oyamba kumene azidula mitengo yomwe imadulira.
Yang'anani! Kuti mugwiritse ntchito Ankalumikiza, zodulidwa zimayenera kudulidwa kuchokera kumbali ya korona wamtengo moyang'ana kumwera, kuchokera kumphepete mwa gawo lamkati.
Zida ndi zida za katemera
Pokonzekera katemera wa katemera, zida zanyengo zina ndizofunikira. Izi zimaphatikizapo mpeni wa mawonekedwe oyenera, ndikupatsani mwayi wopanga momwe mungafunire. Pama katemera osiyanasiyana, pali zida zapadera ndi mipeni yamtundu uliwonse, koma osati mpeni wakukhitchini, womwe ungawononge makungwa a mtengo popanda kukhala ndi tsamba lakuthwa bwino. Kuchuluka kwa katemera kumatengera mpeni.
Kuti akonze zodula, mitengo ya m'munda imagwiritsidwa ntchito - secateurs, chifukwa chomwe kudula kosalala kumapangidwa. Katemera wa makungwa, mpeni wapadera umagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe mumakhala masamba ena olekanitsira khungwa.
Katemera zida
Pakumanga m'dera lometanidwa, mumakhala chinthu china chapadera chomata: zolumikiza, zotchetchera. Madera olimbidwa amadzazidwa ndi mafuta opangira matabwa pogwiritsa ntchito yolumikizira.
Nthawi yoyenera katemera
Kodi ndibwino liti kubzala mitengo? Kutengera luso la wamaluwa, ndibwino kupatsa katemera nyengo yachisanu, pamene pali mwayi waukulu wamalidwe wabwino wa cuttings ndikukhometsa chilonda kuti chisaoneke. Wamaluwa amazindikira kuti kuphatikiza mitengo bwino kumachitika bwino. Nthawi ndi nthawi ya katemera ndizabwino kwambiri mu Meyi. Pakadali pano, madzi amatuluka mumtengo. Ngati phesi silikuzika mizu, ndizotheka kubwereza njirayi m'miyezi yotentha: Julayi-August.
Malangizo. Ubwino umathandiziranso chidwi kwa omwe akuyambira kugwiritsa ntchito kalendala yoyendera mwezi, zomwe zimawonetsa manambala omwe amakonda kwambiri njirayi.
Njira zakulumikiza mitengo yazipatso
Musanayambe njira yolumikizira mitengo yazipatso kunyumba, muyenera kudziwa bwino malamulo oti ikwaniritse.
Zofunika! Zomera za colon ziyenera kuchitika mwachangu kuti zisakhudze kukhudzidwa kwa zinthu zakunja m'malo a scion.
Zotsatira zabwino zitha kuyembekezedwa mitengo yakale ikalumikizidwa, ndikukula kwabwino pachaka. Wamaluwa omwe ali ndi utoto wambiri amalimbikitsa kubzala mitundu yofanana ndi nthawi yakucha pamtengo.
Mitundu ikamapsa nthawi zosiyanasiyana, pamakhala mwayi woti mbewu zomwe zipatso zake zimacha kale. Kututa ndi kucha mochedwa sikungapezeke konse .Maluwa amalimbikitsa kubzala mitundu yolimba kumtunda kwa thunthu, ndikukula mofooka kumtunda.
Atalumikizidwa mitundu yamphamvu ndi yopanda mphamvu pamtengo
Musanayambe kulumikizidwa kwa mtengo wazipatso, muyenera kuphunzira ndikumvetsetsa kuti ndi njira iti yoyenera mtengo kapena shrub, zabwino ndi zovuta zake.
Pamakungwa
Katemera wosavuta kwambiri ndi wa khungwa. Zabwino koposa zonse, zimazika mizu pakuyenda kwa madzi, mu mwezi wa Epulo-Meyi. Kenako khungubwe limasiyanitsidwa ndi nkhuni. Chachikulu ndikuti mupange kudulira koyenera m'manja. Amapangidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa, ndikupanga malo oyenera kujowina cambium stock ndi scion. Chotsatira ndi filimu yosoka.
Mukuyambitsa kofikira
Izi zimachitika mbali ya nthambi kapena mmera. Mwayi wamtunduwu wamaluwa amalingalira mwachangu zipatso. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo wachichepere umabweretsa mbewu yoyamba mu zaka 5-7, yolumikizidwa mwanjira iyi - zaka 2-3.
Privoy mbali kudula
Ankalumikiza awa pogwiritsa ntchito alimi kuti agwirizanitse mitundu ina ya korona.
Kuwala
Pobzala mgawo, wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi kukonzanso minda. Pamwamba chimadulidwa kuchokera pamtengowo, pansi ndikudula. Pesi lozungulirapo limayikidwa pakatikati. Nthawi ya katemera ndi masika.
Zambiri! Kwa katemera wamtunduwu, awiri a scion ndi stock sayenera kukhala ndi vuto komanso osakhudza zotsatira za katemera. Ndikwabwino kubzala mgulu limodzi. Manja awiriwo athandizira kuyika phesi mu cleavage wokonzekereratu.
Kukopera
Katemera wamtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene katundu ndi scion ndizochepa thupi komanso zofanana makulidwe. Nthambi zonse ziwiri zimadulidwa popanda mbali iliyonse, kudula kumakhala ndi kutalika kofanana.
Kukopera
Mwa kulumikiza magawo, kuwongolera kumachitika, komwe kumakonza nthambi zonse ziwiri. Kukopera nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu Epulo.
Kunyinyirika
Chimbudzi sichikugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, ngakhale ndi njira yosavuta yopangira katemera. Kwa iye, khungubwe limachotsedwa pamtunda ndi scion, ndipo nthambi zimalumikizana. Pulogalamuyo imakulungidwa ndi zinthu zapadera komanso zokutira ndi var kapena plasticine.
Kubera
Chodziwika kwambiri ndi njira yotsekera impso yathanzi ndi chishango cha kotekisi ndipo chogwirizira. Nthawi yabwino yolonjezera ili m'miyezi yotentha: kuyambira pakati pa Julayi mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti. Nthawi zambiri impso imazika mu kugwa, nthawi yachilimwe chaka chamawa imatha kuthawa.
Njira yakukula
Kuti muchite katemera wamtunduwu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito katemera wochepa.
Ankalumikiza odulira ndi kubowola
Chomwe chikuimira katemera uyu ndi kukumba dzenje mumtengo wawukulu ndi kubowola, m'milimita 8 mpaka 5c-5c cm. Imatsuka khungwa kuchokera m'mphepete, lomwe liziikidwira dzenje lakuboo.
100% kupulumuka kwa chigwiriro
Kubzala kwa chogwirira kumayenera kukhala kuti khungwa losaphunzitsidwa limalowamo pang'ono.
Kuti thunthu lozika mizu lizike mizu pachomera chatsopano, kusinthana kwa timadziti kuyenera kuchitika pakati pake ndi chomera chachikulu. Scions bwino kuzika mizu pa kayendedwe ka madzi. Nthawi imeneyi imagwera masika komanso nthawi yachilimwe.
Ngati utoto wamtunduwu ukupezeka mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, patatha milungu ingapo mutha kuwona kutupa kwa impso pa scion, izi zikuwonetsa kuti chofunikira chomera chakukula. Mwachitsanzo, mukakola ndi maso, ndizotheka kutsimikizira pambuyo pa masiku 12 mpaka 15 kuti diso latuluka, pomwe petiole ikazimiririka, ndipo chomangiracho chimayenera kumasulidwa.
Sikovuta kusinthitsa mbewu. Chachikulu ndikutsatira upangiri ndikuganizira zomwe owona wamaluwa akuchita.
