Lupine - maluwa ochokera ku banja lankhondo. Malowa amakhudza madera a kuchipululu a America, kumpoto kwa Africa komanso gombe la Mediterranean. Maluwa amasangalatsa bwino pamiyala kapena pamchenga. Malingaliro amaluwa olima m'mapapu ndi osangalatsa. Chimakula kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina chimawoneka ngati udzu womwe umafuna kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse. Nthawi yomweyo, mbewu yake ndi yabwino kwambiri, mbewu yopanda chakudya ngakhale mankhwala. Zokongola modabwitsa, ma inflorescence akulu, ofanana ndi makandulo fluffy, adzakongoletsa maluwa ndikugonetsa mabedi.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Lupine ndi chomera chachitali kapena chakale. Dzinalo kuchokera ku Chilatini likhoza kutanthauziridwa kuti "nkhandwe". Kutalika kwa mphukira nthawi yamaluwa kumafikira 1-1.5 m. Mizu yamimba imatha kukula mpaka 2 m pansi panthaka. Imakutidwa ndi makulidwe amtundu wopanda kanthu ndi ma tubers osasintha. Muli mabakiteriya okonza nitrogen. Nthambi zowala pansi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala chitsamba chofewa.
Pafupifupi pansi, masamba okhazikika omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe azithunzi zopangidwa ndi kanjedza kamamera pazinde. Pamalo olumikizana ndi petiole ndi tsinde ndizitali zazitali zopanga pilo yaying'ono. Tsamba pepalalo silowonekera, limapakidwa utoto wonyezimira bwino.
Pamwamba pa tsindeyo limakongoletsedwa ndi burashi wautali, wokutidwa ndi maluwa owoneka ngati maluwu pazovala zazifupi. Corolla mu mawonekedwe a bwato imakhala ndi mitundu yoyera, yamtambo, yofiirira, yapinki. Komanso inflorescence yokhala ndi mthunzi wosiyana wa pamakhala ikhoza kukhala pachomera chimodzi. M'bwatomo kuchokera m'matumbo apansi ma stamens 10 abisika, ulusi wawo pansi umachotsedwa. Pafupi ndi thumba losunga dzira ndi chotupa.
Kusokoneza kumapangidwa ndi tizilombo. Pambuyo pake, nyemba zazikopa zopyapyala zimacha, zokhazika mbali. Ndi zonona kapena zofiirira zopanda maonekedwe, ndipo mbewu zingapo zozungulira kapena zowala zimabisidwa mkati. Mtundu wawo ndi kukula kwake zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri kutengera mitundu.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya lupine
Mitundu ya lupine ndiyosiyana kwambiri. Mulinso mitundu yoposa 600 yazomera. Ambiri aiwo amapezeka kuthengo kokha, koma mwa mitundu yomwe idalimidwa chisankho ndichabwino.
Lupine amasiyana-siyana. Mtundu wamuyaya uwu umakhala ku North America. Simalimbana ndi chisanu ndipo imamera nyengo yabwino. Kutalika kwa masamba owongoka, osakhala ndi masamba ndi 0,8-1.2 m. Masamba akuluakulu azithunzi azikhathamira zazitali zazitali zimatuluka pansi. Pansipa, mbale yonyezimira yobiriwira imakutidwa ndi mulu. Amaluwa amtundu wa inflorescence 30-35 masentimita mu June ndipo ali ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono onunkhira a buluu.
Lupine yopapatiza. Chomera cha herbaceous 0,8-1,5 m kutalika imakhala ndi mitengo yolimba, yopendekeka pang'ono, yomwe sikophimbidwa ndi masamba a kanjedza. Masamba agawika mpaka petiole. Palinso mulu waufupi kumbuyo kwawo. Pamwamba pali mtundu wa inflemose inflorescence wokhala ndi masamba oyera, ofiirira, amtambo, amtundu wapinki. Mitsempha yamdima yakuda imawoneka pamiyala, motero nyanjayi imatchedwa "lupine ya buluu".
Lupine ndi zoyera. Mtengowo umakhala chitsamba chachikulu mpaka kutalika kwa 1.5 m. nthambi zake kuchokera pansi zimakutidwa ndi masamba a kanjedza a emerald. Siliva cilia amakula m'mphepete mwake. Magawo ali m'mbali mwake. Maluwa oyera okhala ndi kuwala kwapinki kapena amtambo wabuluu amakula mumtundu wamtali wa inflorescence, wopangidwa mozungulira.
Lupine Russell. Gulu la mitundu linabadwa koyambirira kwa zaka za XX. woweta George Russell makamaka pokongoletsa dimba. Ma inflorescence muzomera ndiokulirapo (mpaka masentimita 45 kutalika). Amapatsa fungo labwino. Mwa mitundu yosangalatsa yosiyanitsa:
- malawi achikasu
- lawi loyera
- minaret (wopindika ndi manja wandiweyani);
- zozimitsa moto (masamba a mitundu iwiri amaphukira mpaka masentimita 120).
Lupine ndizosatha. Zomera zazikulu, zokhazikika mpaka 120cm zimakhala kumtunda kwa North America, mpaka ku Nyanja ya Arctic. Pansi pamasamba amakutidwa ndi masamba a petiole okhala ndi magawo ozungulira. Pamwambapa ndi lalifupi koma lofinya koma lokhala ndi maluwa onunkhira amtambo.
Gwiritsani ntchito m'nyumba
Nthawi ndi nthawi, mbewu zomwe zimasintha dothi labwino (manyowa obiriwira) ziyenera kubzalidwe m'dimba. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi lupine. Mizu yokhazikitsidwa bwino ikukula mwachangu komanso kumasula dothi mwaluso. Amapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta, yovomerezeka. Nthawi yomweyo, mizu imakhazikitsa dothi lamchenga lopepuka, ndikupanga chonde komanso kuteteza kukokoloka.
Ndikofunika kukulitsa lupine wapachaka ngati siderat. M'miyezi iwiri yokha, yakhala ikumanga unyinji waukulu wobiriwira, womwe umalola kuti chomerachi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mukakolola. Panthawi yokukula, mabakiteriya omwe akukonzanso nayitrogeni amadzaza dothi ndi michere, yomwe ikawonongeka, imagwiritsa ntchito mphutsi ndi ma tizilombo. Mbeu imodzi imafanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito 200 kg / ha ya nayitrogeni. Komanso kupeza humus kumapangitsa kuti dziko lapansi lifanane. Kuti mulemeretse dothi, dulani lupin ndikudimba malowa ngakhale pa nthawi ya budding. Njira yowonongeka ndi chinyezi chokwanira imachitika mwachangu.
Komanso mbewu ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri. Zipatso zake zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Lupine amawonetsa zokolola kwambiri pamtunda wa acidic. Pokonza nyama, ndimwambo kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe oyera ndi achikasu. Zosiyanasiyana zamaluwa abuluu zimakhala ndi ma alkaloids ambiri. Siziwonongeratu kukoma kwake, komanso ndi poizoni. Koma ndi ma alkaloid awa omwe amachotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Tizilombo timene timadya masamba ndikufa, chifukwa chake lupine wabuluu uyenera kubzalidwa pafupi ndi bedi.
Kukula lupine
Falitsa mbewu za lupine. Nthawi zambiri, ngati chomera chawonekera kale pamalowo, ndiye kuti simuyenera kubzala makamaka. Ngakhale kudula pafupipafupi kwa inflorescence, njere zochepa zimagwerabe m'nthaka. Komabe, zilembo zamtunduwu zimagawika ndi m'badwo wina uliwonse. Mitundu ya ma petals idzawongoleredwa ndi mitundu ya buluu ndi yofiirira, chifukwa chake mitundu yokongoletsera imakulidwa kuchokera ku mbewu zoswana.
Pokukula mbande mu Marichi-Epulo, mabokosi okhala ndi michere nthaka amakonzedwa:
- peat (40%);
- malo otetemera (40%);
- mchenga (20%).
Mbewu ziyenera kucheperachepera kenako kusakanizidwa ndi mayina a grated. Chifukwa chake adzapeza mwayi wokhala ndi mabakiteriya okhala ndi nitrogen ndipo amakula msanga. Kenako chodzala chimagawidwanso moyenerera mpaka masentimita 2-3. Pambuyo masiku 10 mpaka 14, mbande zimatuluka. Mbewu zikamera masamba owona a 2-3, ndi nthawi yoti mubzale pamalo okhazikika. Pambuyo pake, muzu muzu umayamba kuwerama, womwe umakhudza kukula.
Kusintha dothi labwino, ma lupin amatha kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo. Chitani izi kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena mu Epulo. Ma gulo okonzedwa kale motalikirana ndi 15-30 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mbewu zimagawikidwamo ndi mtunda wa masentimita 5 mpaka 5. Zobzala ziyeneranso kuthandizidwa ndimabowo akale.
Kusamalira Kunja
Dongosolo la dimba la maluwa liyenera kukhala lotseguka komanso dzuwa. Dothi limakhala lamchenga kapena loamy, lokhala ndi acidic kapena kusalowerera ndale. M'mbuyomu, dziko lapansi liyenera kukumbidwa. Maimu kapena ufa wa dolomite amawonjezeranso nthaka yachilengedwe, komanso peat ku dothi lamchere kwambiri. Mbeu zimagawidwa m'maenje osaya ndi 30-50 cm.
Poyamba, mbewu zazing'ono zimafunikira kudulira dothi pafupipafupi. Nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi udzu wolamulira. Pambuyo pake, chitsamba chimakulirakulira ndipo vutolo limazimiririka.
Lupine ndi chomera chololera chilala. Ngati mu masika achinyamata mbande amafunikirabe kuthirira nthawi zonse, ndiye pambuyo pake amakula. Kuthirira iwo ndikofunikira pokhapokha nthawi yayitali kulibe mpweya, nthaka ikasweka.
Kuyambira mchaka chachiwiri, mbewu zimapangidwa umuna kamodzi pachaka, pakati pa kasupe. Chifukwa cha izi, superphosphate ndi calcium chloride zimabalalika pafupi ndi mizu. Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya nayitrogeni sikofunikira.
Zomera zazitali zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zikonzekere thandizo kuti chitsamba chisagawike pakamakula kapena kuchokera kumphepo yamphamvu yamkuntho. Mbale ya inflorescence ikafota, imayenera kudulidwa nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake simungathe kupewa zoletsa zokha zosadziletsa, komanso kulimbikitsanso maluwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Zamoyo zamtunduwu zimafunikira kuzilimbitsa chaka chilichonse, popeza chizunguliracho chimakwera ndikuwonetsa khosi lake. Pambuyo pa zaka 5-6, kukongoletsa chitsamba kumachepa ndipo kama wogona maluwa amakonzedwanso.
Ziphuphu zimatha kutenga matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi (zowola, fusarium, mosaic, mawanga, dzimbiri). Katetezedwe ndikutsatira kwambiri ukadaulo waulimi. Komanso, simungathe kukulitsa lupines ndi nyemba kwa nthawi yayitali pamalowo. Ndikwabwino kubzala mbewu mutakula mbewu monga chimanga.
Tizirombo tofala kwambiri ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, ntchentche zophukira ndi nodule. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timathandizira kuti tiwachotse. Malangizo amawaza pamasamba ndikuthira m'nthaka. Mukamamwa, zinthuzi zimalowa mchomera. Tizilombo timafa, tikudya masamba.
Kugwiritsa ntchito dimba ndi zina zambiri
Ma inflorescence ochulukirapo, ofanana ndi makandulo, amapanga lupins kukongoletsa kodabwitsa kwamalo. Amabzalidwa pakati kapena m'munda wamaluwa wamaluwa, pamiyala, m'mphepete mwa nyumba kapena makoma a nyumba. Delphinium, phloxes, makamu, maluwa ndi maluwa amatha kukhala oyandikana nawo maluwa.
Zipatso za lupine zimatha kukhuta osati nyama zokha. Kuyambira kale m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, ufa unkapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo, womwe umawonjezera kuphika, ayisikilimu, confectionery, ndi mbale zotentha. Zakudya zomanga thupi kwambiri komanso zamafuta zimachulukitsa phindu la zakudya zotere.
M'mankhwala amchikhalidwe, chitsamba kuchokera ku chomera chakhala maziko a mankhwalawo "Iksim Lupine" - anti-virus wambiri. Ochiritsa achikhalidwe amagwiritsa ntchito kupindika kwa masamba ndi masamba kuchiza matenda am'mimba, zilonda ndi zotupa.
