Mmene mungamere ndi kukula nkhaka

Mnyamata wamwamuna ndi imodzi mwa zokolola zoyambirira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakula kuti zisamalire ndi kukolola m'nyengo yozizira. Kukula mosavuta, kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda, kudzichepetsa kuti asamalire, kumakhala kuwonjezera ku munda wa amateur gherkins. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi zipatso zabwino zokoma ndipo zimakhala ndi zokolola zabwino, makamaka ngati mumatsatira zofunikira za chisamaliro. Za iwo ndi zina zofunika kwambiri za kulima nkhaka, tikambirana zambiri.

Malingaliro osiyanasiyana

Magawanidwewa a parthenocarpic apangidwa ndi Manul mu 2000.

Parthenocarpic hybrids imaphatikizaponso mitundu monga "Hector f1", "Shosh f1", "Bouquet f1", "Cupid f1", "April f1", "Green mtsinje f1", "Puff magnificence f1".

Chinthu chosiyana ndi gherkin ndi mtundu wa akazi wa maluwa, omwe amatha kupanga mapangidwe a mazira. Zimakhala zofunikira kudziko lonse la CIS, chifukwa zikukula mofulumira ndikubala zipatso zochuluka.

Zitsamba za kukula kwapakati, zamphamvu, kawirikawiri pa iliyonse zimapezeka pamagulu awiri mpaka 6 a mtundu wa maluwa. N'zotheka kukula zomera m'madera otseguka komanso nyengo yotentha. The analimbikitsa kubzala osalimba ndi 2-3 zomera pa lalikulu lalikulu mita wowonjezera kutentha, 3-4 zitsamba yotseguka nthaka zinthu.

Ndikofunikira! Partenocarpic nkhaka - Mtundu wosakanizidwa umene ukhoza kubala zipatso pa chomera popanda chikoka cha kunja. Izi ndizo, mitundu ndi mitundu yambiri yomwe siimasowa mungu wobala zipatso kuti ikhale ndi zipatso (siziyenera kusokonezeka ndi kudzidalira - Pachifukwa ichi, chomeracho chimayambira mungu ndi pistils ndi zomera zomwe zimamera pa icho, ndiko kuti, zimasiyanasiyana mu mtundu wamwamuna ndi wamkazi wa maluwa). Zosiyana ndi mitundu ya parthenocarpic - Kusapezeka kwa mbeu mu chipatso.

Mwana wamng'ono ali ndi ubwino wotere:

• kukoma kokoma, thupi lokometsera;
• zizindikiro zabwino ndi zabwino zakunja;
• zokolola zazikulu ndi chisamaliro chosasamala;
• kucha msanga komanso nthawi yaitali fruiting;
• chithandizo;
• kusagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera - zoyenera kutetezedwa ndi mwatsopano.

Wosakanizidwa alibe zopweteka. Zimakhala ndi maonekedwe okongola komanso khalidwe lapamwamba kwambiri, popeza limapereka malire komanso nthawi yosungirako katundu, komanso limakhala ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za fruiting.

Kuphatikiza apo, imathamangira mofulumira kuzinthu zatsopano, choncho imatha kukula pafupifupi gawo lililonse.

Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola

Zipatso zimavundukula masiku pafupifupi 40, kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 12, zofiira, zozungulira, zopanda khosi. Kunja, chipatso chiri chokongola - wobiriwira peel ndi bwino kutchulidwa mikwingwirima ndi pang'ono fluffiness.

Mnofu ndi onunkhira kwambiri, wopanda mpiru kapena wopanda mkati. Zipatso zochokera ku 50 mpaka 70 g Mu nkhaka ndi mbewu zazing'ono.

Ndilo la kukoma kwa hybrid iyi yomwe idalandira ulemu wotere. Zipatso zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zakudya zosiyanasiyana zamzitini komanso pokonza ma saladi atsopano. Komanso nkhaka zikhoza kusungidwa ndi kutumizidwa kwa maulendo ataliatali.

Kukonzekera - osachepera 10 kilogalamu pa mita imodzi imodzi.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati nkhaka sizimasonkhanitsidwa panthawi yake, iwo akhoza kutuluka Chifukwa Ndibwino kuti muyambe kuwasonkhanitsa pofika kukula kwa gherkin.

Kusankhidwa kwa mbande

Kusankha zamtengo wapatali wa nkhaka mbande, muyenera kudziwa ndi kutsatira malamulo awa:

• Mphukira yazitali ayenera kukhala osachepera 25 centimita (kwa masiku 30 mutabzala);
• Zokongola za mizu ziyenera kuoneka bwino - zimawoneka ngati mabampu oyera;
• kukhalapo kwa masamba osachepera asanu ndi awiri (pafupifupi masentimita 15);
• Mbande ziyenera kuoneka zathanzi ndi zamphamvu, ndi tsinde lamphamvu komanso losatha, masamba obiriwira. Ngati mbande ikulongosoledwa ndipo ili ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira - malamulo a kulima aphwanyidwa, izi ndi bwino kusasankha;
• Mizu ya nthawi yotereyi ili kale ndi nthawi yolimbitsa nthaka, ayenera kukhala ndi fungo lokoma ndi lokoma. Ngati pali kuwonongeka kooneka - musasankhe zomera zotere;
• Mbewu imatha kusankhidwa chifukwa chodzala (zomera zing'onozing'ono ndi tsamba limodzi loona komanso masabata awiri), koma ziyeneranso kuyang'ana bwino ndikutsatira malamulo omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa. Mitengo yotere imayamba mizu pansi ndikuyamba kukula nthawi yochepa.

Nthaka ndi feteleza

Pakukula malo osakanizidwa, malo owala ndi owopsa ndi oyenerera. "Zala" zimakonda nthaka yosadziwika ndi yopanda mpweya. Zimalimbikitsanso kuthira nthaka ndi peat ndi humus musanadzalemo mbewu kapena mbande.

Osauka kulekerera asidi padziko lapansi. Malo omwe chinyezi nthawi zonse sichikugwirizana, chifukwa amatha kuvulaza mbande komanso zomera zatsopano, zomwe zimayambitsa kuvunda ndikulimbikitsa maonekedwe a matenda.

Mukudziwa? Columbus nthawi zonse ankatenga nkhaka pamodzi naye paulendo wake. Anauza oyendetsa sitima kuti adye nawo onse mchere komanso mwatsopano kuti adziteteze ku zovuta zomwe zidagwedezeka nthawi imeneyo.

Malo oti kukula akusankhidwa kosatha. Kubzala kumachitika panthawi yomwe kutentha kwa nthaka kukufanana ndi + madigiri 15. Penjelo liyenera kukhala loposa masentimita atatu chakuya, mtunda pakati pa ziphuphu uyenera kukhala masentimita 20. Kutuluka kumapitilira mwezi wa May.

Ndi bwino kukonzekera mabedi mu kugwa. Kuti mukhale ndi malo abwino, nthaka imamera ndi manyowa (1 chidebe pa mita imodzi), mukhoza kuwonjezera feteleza, monga potaziyamu, phulusa kapena superphosphate.

Mchere woterewu ndi Ammophos, Sudarushka, ammonium nitrate, Plantafol, Kemira, AgroMaster, nitroammophoska, Master.

Musanabzala, nthaka imasulidwa, imaberekanso mchere, kenako mbande imayikidwa. Wosakanizidwa alibe zofunikira zina zokha.

Mavuto akukula

Kutsegula ndi kuchotsa namsongole ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri posamalira zomera. Amachitidwa pambuyo kuthirira. M'nyengo yotentha, zomera zimayenera kuthiriridwa kawiri pa tsiku - m'mawa ndi madzulo, ndizofunika kuti madzi asawonongeke.

Poyamba, madzi amodzi ndi ofunda okha amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati masiku akugwa, kuthirira kumachitika ngati n'kofunika, chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti nthaka siuma.

Ndifunikanso kuchita ndi kuvala ndi mineral ndi feteleza (nthawi zokwanira 6 pa nyengo yonse yokula ndi fruiting).

Mu masabata awiri oyambirira mutabzala kapena kuziika nkhaka mukhoza kupatsidwa pang'ono nitrogenous fetereza.

Koma kupaka kwa phosphate ndi koyenera panthawi ya maluwa. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi madigiri 20-25. Komanso, zomera zimafunika kuwala kokwanira kokwanira, koma popanda dzuwa.

Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba

Nkhaka zikhoza kukhala wamkulu m'njira ziwiri - mothandizidwa ndi mbande ndi mwachindunji pansi. Kuti mupeze mbande pakhomo, muyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo odzala ndi kusamalira. Zomwe zimabzala mbeu ndi kubzala mbande pansipa.

Kukonzekera Mbewu

Mbewu ingabzalidwe mu mawonekedwe awiri owuma ndi ophukira. Musanayambe kugwiritsira ntchito nyembazo, ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kawirikawiri, opanga amapanga machiritso okha, ndipo mbewu sizikusowa zina zowonjezera mavitamini, koma ngati mwagula malo osaloledwa kapena kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndibwino kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Sankhani kubzala mbewu zomwezo. Kufesa kumachitika mu nthaka yotentha, osachepera madigiri 15.

Mukhozanso kubzala mbewu zokonzeka komanso zowonongeka. Kuti achite izi, amaikidwa m'chakuta chakuda kwa masiku angapo ndikusiya malo otentha. Pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa mphukira zoyambirira iwo amaikidwa pansi.

Zokhudzana ndi malo

Matanki ophika ndi abwino kwambiri kubzala. Mukhozanso kusankha zida zapulasitiki zamtengo wapatali kapena miphika. Kuyenda kwa madzi kumakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mbeu, chifukwa muli ndi matsegulidwe apadera oyenera kutuluka kwa chinyezi.

Malo oti mubzala ayenera kukhala ndi dzuwa lokwanira ndi kukhala pamalo otentha. Mphamvu ndi mbande zili bwino pawindo. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yathanzi komanso yopepuka.

Mukhoza kugula zokonzeka m'masitolo apadera kapena kuthira mchere wina uliwonse, kuwonjezera mchere pang'ono kapena feteleza.

Njira yobzala mbewu

Sichisiyana ndi kufesa mitundu ina ya nkhaka: Mbeuyi imayikidwa mozama pafupifupi masentimita imodzi, ndipo mphuno zawo zimakhala pamtunda wa madigiri 45. Poyamba kumera kumera, nthaka imaphimbidwa kuti ipangitse kutentha. Pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mphukira izo zimayeretsa.

Kusamalira mmera

Kusamalira wosakanizidwa ndi kophweka, chinthu chachikulu ndikutentha kutentha, kuthirira ndi kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa kuwala.

1. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa nyumbayi ndi 25 ° C.
2. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti dothi silinaume, kuti azitha madzi okwanira.
3. Kutentha kwa mpweya m'chipindamo ndiyomweyi.
4. Kuwombera kumafuna kuwala kwa dzuwa kwambiri.
5. Dziko likuyenera kumasulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, kamodzi pa sabata.

Kutentha kumangotha, ndipo nthawi zonse kutentha kumatuluka, n'zotheka kuumitsa mbande musanadzalemo. Kuvutikira kumachitika m'firiji, ndikuyika mbande kumeneko tsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Pambuyo pake, ikhoza kubzalidwa poyera.

Kuwaza mbande pansi

Amachitika mu May, pamene chisanu chimatha kale, ndipo nthaka ikuphulika bwino (pafupifupi +15 ° C pa masentimita 10). Choyenera kwambiri tsiku lomaliza la mweziwo. Mbande zimabzalidwa pa sabata lachinayi mutabzala mbewu, pamene zatha kale kupirira chikoka cha chilengedwe.

Mtunda pakati pa mphukira uyenera kukhala osachepera 30 centimita. Kuyikira kwapakati ndi 2 masentimita, osapitirira 4 zomera amaikidwa pa mita imodzi.

Mphukira imachotsedwa mu mphika ndi clod ya dziko lapansi ndipo imayikidwa mu chitsime chabwino ndi manyowa, mofewa mwaulere ndi dziko lapansi. Pambuyo pake, pangani kuthirira.

Agrotechnics ikukula mbewu zowonekera

Njira yobzala mbewu nthawi yomweyo imakhala yofanana ndi yoyamba. Kusiyanasiyana kumagwirizanitsidwa kokha ndi kusamalira ndi kusamalira, komanso kusankha malo.

Mukudziwa? M'mayiko ambiri akummawa, nkhaka imatengedwa ngati mchere. Zimaperekedwa ndi zipatso, maswiti ndi tiyi. M'mayiko ena, ndi mwambo wokonza nkhaka kupanikizana.

Zochitika kunja

Kufesa pansi kungatheke ponseponse m'mitengo yotentha ndi yotseguka. Ngati mukukula nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha - adzalandira zofunikira kuti mbeu ikule bwino, koma idzafuna madzi okwanira pa maluwa ndi kukolola.

Ngati, komabe, kubzala mbewu pakhomo, mabedi adzafunika kuphimbidwa kwa masiku angapo, kupanga kutentha. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukhala ndi nyuzipepala yonyowa (musamaume) kapena polyethylene. Pambuyo poyamba akuwombera wowonjezera kutentha amachotsedwa.

Malowa ayenera kutenthedwa bwino, ndi dzuwa lokwanira ndi nthaka yowonjezera. Madzi a m'nthaka sayenera kugwedezeka.

Njira yobzala mbewu pansi

Kufesa kumachitika mu May. Zomera zonse zouma ndi zowonongeka zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mbeu zomwe zimakula ndizosankhidwa, dothi liyenera kukhala umuna komanso lonyowa pang'ono. Kufika kumapangidwa m'madzi a akuya masentimita 2-3.

Ngati trellis ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi bwino kubzala mbeu mu njira yachisala. Njere zili pamtunda wa masentimita 20 kuchokera pa mzake. Kutalika pakati pa mabedi - masentimita 40. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala zomera pansi, pomwe nkhaka zikukula - ndibwino kusankha malo ena abwino.

Kuthirira

Kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zambiri komanso mobwerezabwereza, kawiri pa tsiku kutentha ndi kutentha (m'mawa ndi madzulo). Pakapita masabata angapo madzi ayenera kutenthetsa, mutha kuteteza mmabolo akulu. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amvula.

Ngati chilala chikulowa, chiwerengero cha ulimi wothirira chimakula mpaka 3 kapena 4 pa tsiku. Mvula yamvula, kuthirira kumachitika ngati dothi limauma. Onetsetsani kuti nthaka siuma. Komanso kuthirira kumawonjezeka panthawi ya maluwa ndi kukolola zipatso.

Mukudziwa? Cleopatra amadya nkhaka tsiku lililonse. Anakhulupilira kuti analola kusungira unyamata ndi kukongola. Ngakhale masiku ano, amaikidwa m'zinthu zambiri zakusamalidwa, masks ndi zokometsera, monga nkhaka zimakulolani kuti musunge khungu ndi kukongola kwa khungu.

Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira

Kuchokera pa mabedi ndikofunika kuchotsa udzu wonse. Kupalira kumachitika pamene akukula. Kutsegula kumachitika mutatha kuthirira kapena mvula, mosamala kwambiri komanso mopanda pang'onopang'ono, kuti asawononge mizu. Mukhozanso kuyendetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa kapena peat.

Masking

Kutumikira kukulolani inu kuti muwonjezere chiwerengero cha zipatso m'tsogolomu ndikulimbikitseni chomera. Chikhoza kuchitika m'njira ziwiri.

1. Yoyamba imaphatikizapo kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi chimbudzi chimodzi. Ndikoyenera ngati nkhaka zabzalidwa pafupi. Kuwotcha kwakukulu kumangirizidwa pamtunda kapena pamzere, komwe kumawathandiza kuti alandire dzuwa lokwanira. Bedi ili likuwoneka lokongola kwambiri, kuphatikizapo, ndi njira iyi yosinthanitsa zokolola n'zosavuta kukolola.
2. Njira yachiwiri - zomangamanga ndondomeko sizichotsedwa, koma zimapachikidwa. Izi zimakuthandizani kupanga chitsamba chachikulu chobiriwira. Kwa hybrid iyi, njira yachiwiri yowonjezerera ikulimbikitsidwa, yomwe imathandiza kuti pakhale kukula kwa mphukira zowonjezera ndikupeza zokolola zambiri. Kusinthanitsa kumachitika tsamba lachinayi kapena lachisanu la chomera.

Belt girter

Garter ikhoza kuchitika m'njira zingapo. Zophweka komanso zogwira ntchito - zopanda malire ndi zowonekera.

1. Njira yowongoka amafunika kuika m'mphepete mwa bedi lazitali ziwiri, pakati pa chingwe kapena chingwe chitambasulidwa mu zigawo zingapo. Mapesi aikidwa kale pa izo. Chinthu chokhacho ndi chakuti ngati zimayambira ndizokulu kwambiri, zimatha kupachika ndi kuzigwedeza.
2. Wowonekera garter amatanthauza kupezeka kwazitsulo ziwiri zapamwamba pambali pa mabedi. Pakati pa iwo, pamwamba pake, waya kapena chingwe cholimba chimachotsedwa, zomwe zingwe kapena nsalu zimagwiridwa malinga ndi chiwerengero cha tchire kapena timatengo. Mwa kupachika pansi zothandizira ndi zowumitsa zimayambira.

Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito galasi lapadera la nkhaka, zomwe zingagulidwe mu sitolo. Kwa hybrid iyi, njira iliyonse ya garter ndi yabwino, koma yachiwiri imasonyeza zotsatira zabwino panthawi ya fruiting.

Kupaka pamwamba

Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika pokonzekera zitsime. Peat kapena humus imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Pambuyo pakamera kufika msinkhu wa milungu itatu, fetereza feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Komanso kudyetsa kumachitika pakati ndi organic ndi mchere feteleza mpaka 6 nthawi yonse nyengo.

Monga feteleza, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito udzu, fupa ndi nsomba, mazira a mkaka, mapira a mbatata, zikopa za banki, peel anyezi, nettle.

Atseni iwo asanayambe kuthirira mbewuzo, kumasula nthaka mu dzenje ndikukulitsa feteleza mpaka masentimita 5-7.

Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa

Zomera zimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri - powdery mildew, nkhaka zithunzi, maolivi ndi ena. Koma, monga ena, iwo sali inshuwalansi motsutsana ndi maonekedwe a zilonda kapena tizirombo.

Pofuna kuteteza, m'pofunikira kuti muzitha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi fungicides ndi nthaka disinfection. Ndibwino kuti mupange mbewu zowonongeka.

Komanso, kupeŵa maonekedwe a matenda aliwonse kumaphatikizapo kupalira kwabwino nthawi ndi kumasula, kulumikiza bwino ndikutsatiridwa ndi ulimi wothirira ndi kutentha. Ngati nthaka ikuzizira kwambiri mutabzala, zomera zimakula.

Zikakhala ngati chinyezi chikutha, zimatha kuola mizu kapena mphukira.

Ndikofunikira! Kumbukirani malamulo a kusintha kwa mbewu. Musabzale nkhaka m'malo omwewo. Izi zidzakhala ndi matenda akuluakulu a zomera zazing'ono, zokolola zochepa, kukula kosauka ndi mavuto ena.

Kukolola ndi kusungirako

Kukolola kumafunika katatu pa sabata, makamaka masiku awiri kapena atatu. Nthawi zambiri mumachotsa chipatsocho, chipatso chamtchire. Zipatso zimasiyanitsidwa bwino kuti zisunge tsinde.

Nkhaka zimachotsedwa zikafika kukula kwa masentimita 7, koma zosaposa 11. Ndi bwino kusankha mmawa uno kapena madzulo.

Nkhaka zimatha kupirira kayendedwe kautali, koma kuti izi zikhale zochepa kutentha. Kusungidwa m'malo amdima ndi ozizira. Mutatha kusonkhanitsa akhoza kuikidwa mumthunzi, pamene kusamba sikuvomerezedwa.

Zosungidwa mwatsopano osati motalika kwambiri, kotero zimadyetsedwa mwamsanga kapena zimaloledwa kuti zisamalire. Ndipo mu umodzi, ndipo mwa mawonekedwe ena ali ndi kukoma kokoma.

Mavuto ndi malingaliro

Mavuto ndi haibridi amawonekera kawirikawiri, chifukwa amalephera kudwala. Ngati masamba atembenukira chikasu, agwa, chomera chivunda, vuto lingakhale lopanda mpweya wabwino kapena kuthirira mopitirira malire. Pomwe masambawo atembenuka chikasu ndi owuma - vuto silikukwanira ulimi wothirira.

Nthawi zina zipatso zimatha kugwa - izi ndi zotsatira za zokolola zochepa kwambiri.

Zolakwa zazikulu zomwe zingapangitse mlimi:

• kubzala nkhaka pamalo amodzi;
• kubzala mbande zazikulu;
• zosayenera zopanga tchire.

Pankhaniyi, zomera sizikula bwino, zimadziwika ndi ofooka tsamba, ulesi. Onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira ndondomeko yobzala, feteleza ndi ulimi wothirira, ndiye nthawi zambiri mavuto angapewe.

Nkhaka za zosiyanasiyana ndi osiyana ndi awo kudzichepetsa kwa zikhalidwe ndi mkulu kukana matenda. Ndipo ali ndi kukoma kokoma ndi kukongola. Mphamvu izi zinawapangitsa kukhala zowonjezera ku munda uliwonse wa masamba kapena nyumba.

Ndipo kuti mulandire kuchuluka kwa zipatso zokoma, wathanzi baka, tsatirani zoyenera za kufesa ndi kubzala. Kenaka mungasangalale ndi nkhaka zatsopano m'chilimwe, komanso mchere wamchere wambiri m'nyengo yozizira.