Oncidium ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri komanso yabwino kwambiri ya banja la Orchidaceae. Epiphytic, lithophytic ndi oyimira lapansi apezeka mu mtundu. Maluwa amatchuka kwambiri pakati wamaluwa chifukwa chamaluwa aatali komanso ochulukirapo. Kwa miyezi ingapo, maluwa angapo ang'onoang'ono amatulutsa pa peduncle, yomwe, ngati gulu la njenjete, ikuyenda pamwamba pa masamba. Ma botanist ena samayerekezera maluwa ndi agulugufe, koma ndi zidole zodabwitsa zomwe zimavina, zomwe zimakhala ndi ulusi wosawoneka. Chifukwa chake, oncidium amatchedwanso "zidole zovina." Komabe, sizosavuta kukwaniritsa maluwa; malamulo osamalira ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamalitsa.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Orchid oncidium ndi herbaceous osatha omwe amakhala m'nkhalango zowala kwambiri pamtunda wa 4 km. Mitundu payokha imatha kusiyanasiyana. Chomera chili ndi lalifupi kapena lalitali kwambiri, lomwe limasinthidwa kuti lizikhala mwala kapena mwamtondo. Ma pseudobulbs a mawonekedwe oblong, ophimbidwa ndi khungu lowonda lowoneka bwino, amakwera pamwamba pamizu ya duwa.
Kutalika kwa gawo la masentimita 10 mpaka 40. Kuchokera pa pseudobulb iliyonse, masamba obiriwira atatu mpaka atatu amayamba kutulutsa. Mapulogalamu obiriwira a oncidium ali ndi mawonekedwe okhala ngati lamba wokhala ndi mbali zosalala komanso malembedwe ozungulira. Kutengera kutalika kwa malo (pamapiri), ma orchid amagawidwa kukhala okonda kutentha komanso ozizira. Ngati masamba akale ali ndi mtundu wolimba komanso wowuma, ndiye kuti masamba omaliza amasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba owonda komanso osalala.
Maluwa a Oncidium amatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka, ndipo nthawi zina amachitika kawiri pachaka. Kukula kwa inflorescence kumakhala ndi mabowo olimba kwambiri otentheka kwambiri. Kutalika kwa peduncle imodzi kumatha kukhala 0,5-5 m.Maluwa ang'onoang'ono owala amabzala pang'ono panthambi. Mtundu wawo wamkulu ndi wachikaso, bulauni komanso ofiira. Chisa chakutsogolo chomwe chimakhala pafupi ndi milomo ya gitala. Phata lamaluwa lotseguka limatha kukhala masentimita 1 mpaka 12. M maluwa a oncidium amayimilira mu bokosi kwa milungu itatu.
Mitundu ya Oncidium
Mitundu ya oncidium ndiyambiri, pali mitundu yoposa 700 yolembedwa mmenemo.
Shuga wa Oncidium Suite. Zomera zimasiyana mitundu. Ngakhale maluwa, kutalika kwake sikupitirira masentimita 35. Mababu ang'onoang'ono amaponderezedwa motsutsana ndikukutulutsa masamba obiriwira owala. Pakatikati pa duwa ndi 3 cm, matumba ake ndi utoto wachikasu.
Oncidium ndi wokongola. Chomera chimakhala ndi masamba okhazikika. Mokhazikika ndi bwato, amapaka utoto wobiriwira komanso wofiirira. Molunjika, ndi masamba osowa a peduncle amakhala maluwa 15 achikasu owala kwambiri. Pakatikati pa bud ndi 5-8 cm.
Oncidium ndi wachikasu. Mitundu ya maluwa okongola kwambiri komanso yotchuka kwambiri pa nthawi ya maluwa imakutidwa ndi maluwa ambiri amithunzi ya mandimu.
Lanza Oncidium. Masamba owala ali ndi mbali yakutsogolo yopepuka komanso yotsika kwambiri. Pafupi ndi m'mphepete, malo a bulauni ang'ono akuwoneka. Pa peduncle yayitali pali maluwa ambiri onunkhira achikasu obiriwira. Milomo yotambalala ndi yoyera-yapinki.
Kuyaka Kwambiri. Maluwa ang'onoang'onowa nthawi yamaluwa amakutidwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mainchesi 1.5. Mitundu yawo yapakidwa utoto, utoto wachikasu kapena pinki. Zomera sizigwira kutentha kochepa.
Njira zolerera
Kunyumba, kubadwanso kwa oncidium kumachitika ndi njira yogawa chitsamba. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri ya ndondomekoyi ndi February-Marichi. Maluwa ochepa okha ndi omwe amayenera kugawidwa kuti magawo atatu a zipatso apangike mgawo lililonse. Choyamba, pukutani gawo lonse ndikumasula mizu. Pogwiritsa ntchito tsamba lakuthwa losalala, muyenera kudula phesi lalifupi kulumikiza mababu. Malo odulawo amawazidwa makala ophwanyika ndipo nthawi yomweyo adadzala baka mu gawo lapansi latsopanolo.
Mukaberekanso, oncidium sayenera kuthiriridwa kwa masiku 7-12, kuti muzu wowola usatuluke pamalo omwe adadulidwayo. Kuthirira kumachitika mwa kupopera mbewu kumtunda.
Malamulo Ogulitsa
Kuyika kwa oncidium kumachitika ngati kukufunika, popeza njirayi imalekereka mopweteka. Ngati dothi liyamba kuvunda kapena mizu itatuluka mumabowo otayira, duwa limachotsedwa mumphika ndikumasulidwa kwathunthu kuchokera ku dothi lakale. Mutha kuyambitsanso mphuno kwakanthawi kochepa kuti muchotse madongosolo a dziko lapansi. Mphika umatengedwa kwambiri ndipo osaya. Kusankha chidebe chowonekera sikofunikira. Onetsetsani kuti mukupangira mabowo pansi ndikutsanulira chimiyala kapena njerwa zofiira. Dothi la orchid limapangidwa ndi zinthu monga izi:
- khungwa labedwa paini;
- zidutswa zamakala;
- mchenga;
- sphagnum moss;
- choko.
Pakujambulidwa, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a pseudobulb limasiyidwa pamwamba pa nthaka.
Chisamaliro pa Oncidium
Kusamalira orchid oncidium kunyumba kumafuna kutsatira kwambiri kuthirira ndi kutentha. Kuti chomera chisangalatsidwe ndi maluwa ambiri, ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire nyengo yolondola. Mukugwa, pamene oncidium itatha, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuthirira pang'ono momwe mungathere ndikuchepetsa kutentha kwa kutentha ndi 3-5 ° C. Pambuyo pamiyezi iwiri itatha zamtunduwu, orchid amabwerera pang'onopang'ono m'malo ake momwemo ndipo posakhalitsa nthawi yayitali imayamba.
Kuwala Oncidium amakonda kuwala kowala kwambiri ndi maola akutali masana pachaka chonse. M'nyengo yozizira, nyali ya fluorescent ingafunike. M'nyengo yotentha, ndibwino kupukutira pang'ono masamba kuchokera dzuwa latsiku.
Kutentha Kutentha kokwanira kwa mpweya wa mitundu ya thermophilic ndi + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Mitundu yokonda kuzizira imayenera kupereka + 7 ... + 15 ° C. M'chilimwe, nthawi zambiri mumayenera kulowa mchipindacho, koma kuteteza mosamala oncidium ku zosintha ndi kuzizira kwakukulu kwa usiku.
Chinyezi. Wokhalamo nyengo yamvula amafunikira chinyezi chambiri, ndipo mitundu yatsopano yophatikiza imasinthidwa bwino malinga ndi nyumba zamatawuni. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupaka korona nthawi ndi madzi ofunda. Nthawi yopuma, njirayi imatha kulowetsa madzi okwanira. Mukazizira kufika + 18 ° C, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumayima.
Kuthirira. Panthawi yogwira komanso maluwa, maluwa amafunika kuthirira ambiri. Kuthirira kwam'mwamba kumakondedwa madzi akathiridwa mu poto kapena miphika imamizidwa mwachidule mu beseni lamadzi. Pakati pogona, kuthirira masiku 20-25 aliwonse ndi kokwanira.
Feteleza. Chapakatikati ndi chilimwe, oncidium imadyetsedwa ndimadzi a nyimbo za orchid ndi pafupipafupi kamodzi pakatha masiku 15-20. Njira yothetsera vutoli imagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka. Muyenera kusankha maofesi okhala ndi mchere wochepa wa nayitrogeni.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Nthawi zambiri, oncidium imadwala muzu zowola kapena matenda oyamba ndi tsinde ndi masamba. Chifukwa chake chagona kuthirira kosayenera kapena kudzikundikira kwamadzi m'minyewa. M'chilimwe, maluwa otchedwa orchid nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, nthata za akangaude ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Kuyambira tizirombo, ndi bwino kuchita njira zodzitetezera kumapeto kwa mvula.
