Kukula nandolo kunyumba: kuchokera pakusankha kosiyanasiyana mpaka kukolola

Pafupifupi mlimi aliyense amalima nandolo m'mundamo. Koma pazenera, chikhalidwe ichi sichofala kwambiri. Ngakhale palibe chovuta kupeza kuti mbewu "ili mu ukapolo", ayi. Zomera zake ndizopanda phindu, sizifunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Inde, sikuti mitundu yonse ndi yoyenera kukula pakhomo, koma kuchokera pazomwe zilipo ndizotheka kusankha zingapo zoyenera. Nthawi zambiri, nandolo za shuga zimabzalidwa pawindo, momwemo sioyenera zakudya zokha, komanso nyemba zokha ndikusenda - zimayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukoma kwake.

Mitundu ya pea yoyenera kukula pakhomo

Nandolo kunyumba sizinthu zofala kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri pamawindo amamera mitundu yonse yazonenepa ndi zitsamba. Koma kwenikweni, palibe chosatheka mu izi. Mbewu za pea sizokoma zokha, komanso thanzi kwambiri. Zonenepa zake zimathanso kudyedwa, iyi ndi njira ina yabwino yoyenera letesi.

Ndikotheka kukula nandolo pawindo ngakhale kwa iwo omwe sanalimepo m'mundawo

Pakukula kwanu, sankhani mitundu yakukula pang'ono kuchokera pagawo la shuga kapena mashelufu. Kuphatikiza pa compactness, ali ndi mwayi wina - masamba abwino kwambiri kuposa nandolo.

Mitundu ya shuga, zotsatirazi ndizodziwika kwambiri:

• Ambrosia Kupambana kwaposachedwa ndi obereketsa aku Russia. Zimadziwika mwapadera kuti ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, pokonzekera mitundu yonse ya mbale zophikira. Zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku mtundu woyamba wakucha, mbewu zimacha m'masiku 45-55 okha. Kutalika kwa mbewu kumafikira masentimita 50-70. Nyemba zokhala ndi bend yokhotakhota, yakuthwa kumtunda, yayitali (8-10 cm), pang'ono pang'ono. Amapaka utoto wa saladi, palibe wosanjika "zikopa" zolimba. Nyemba zotsika zimapangidwa kutalika pafupifupi 35 cm, osakhudza pansi. Mbewuzi zimafota, chikaso m'chigawo. Pachidutswa chilichonse pamakhala zidutswa 6-8.
• Zhegalova 112. Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zatsimikizira zosayenera zosaneneka za m'badwo umodzi wamaluwa. Ndibwino kuti mukumera kucha. Nyemba zimatha kupsa kwamasamba 50-60 patatha masiku kumera, kuti zipse bwino bwino masiku 90-110. Phesi ndi lokwera kwambiri (120-180 cm), lokhalanso ndi mautali. Mtengowo udzafunika kuthandizidwa. Nyemba zimakhala zowongoka kapena pakunga posawoneka bwino, nsonga yake ndiyosalala. Kutalika kotalika ndi 10-15 masentimita, mulifupi ndi masentimita 2.3-2.5. Poto lililonse lili ndi mbewu 5-8. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osazungulira-owoneka, amapindika pang'ono. Kupaka utoto wobiriwira ndi utoto wotuwa. Zokolola zipsa.
• Msungwana wa shuga. Zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku gulu loyambira koyambirira. Nthawi yolima ndi masiku 65-70. Kutalika kwa tsinde ndi masentimita 130-150. Nyemba zokhala ndi kupindika kocheperako, pang'ono (7-8 cm), m'lifupi mwake. Zotsika kwambiri zimapangidwa kutalika kwa masentimita 70. Palibe "zikopa". Mbewuzo zimakhala zazing'onoting'ono, zotsekemera, zotumbululuka zachikasu podulidwa. Chidole chilichonse chimakhala ndi zidutswa 6-8. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, imadziwika ndi mapuloteni ambiri (pafupifupi 25%). Ubwino wake wina ndi kukana matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, kuphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya zowola.
• Shuga Oregon (wopezekanso pansi pa dzina la Oregon Suga). Zosiyanasiyana kuyambira pagulu la nthawi yapakati, mbewu zimacha masiku 55-70, nthawi yophukira imakulitsidwa. Tsinde silikhala lalitali kwenikweni (mpaka 1 m), koma litakula kwambiri pazoyenera, limatha kutambasulira kuposa momwe lingakhalire kunyumba. Nyemba zokhala ndi kuwerama pang'ono komanso chopindika, chodutsa (9 mpaka 10 cm), ngati kuti chidatsitsidwa. Iliyonse mwa nandolo 5-7. Zosanja "zikopa" sizowonekera kwambiri, koma zilipo. Komabe, nandolo zimatha kudyedwa ndi nyemba. Kulawa ndikwabwino kwambiri, zosiyanasiyana zimawoneka ngati zokoma. Mphesa zamtundu wokulirapo, wachikaso chopepuka pamadulidwe, pamwamba pamakhala pang'onopang'ono. Aeration imalimbikitsa kwambiri zokolola, chifukwa chake chipindacho chimayenera kuphatikizidwa nthawi zonse.
• Ana a shuga. Zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku gulu loyambira koyambirira. Phesi ndi lalitali kutalika, pafupifupi 95 cm. Nyemba ndi yokulirapo, ndikukhwanyata pang'ono, nsonga ikuwongoka. Zosanja zikopa zikusowa. Matumba am'munsi amapangika kutalika kwa 30-30 cm. Kukoma kwake ndikabwino kwambiri, nandolo ndizofewa komanso zotsekemera. Pamwamba pamipapo ndi makinya, pa odulidwa amakhala achikaso. Zosiyanasiyana ndizosasamala, zoyamikiridwa chifukwa cha zipatso zambiri.
• Inexhaustible 195. Zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku gulu la sing'anga koyambirira, kupangika kwaukadaulo kumafika masiku 45-60, kukhwima kwathunthu - m'masiku 70-90. Tsinde lokhala ndi ma sentimita aatali, kutalika kwake kumasiyana kuchokera pa masentimita 75 kufika pa 115. Nyemba zokhala ndi uta wooneka bwino kapena wowongoka kwathunthu, nsonga yake ndiyosalala. Nthawi zina pamakhala "zovuta". Kutalika kwa nyemba ndi 8-10 masentimita, mainchesi ndi 1.5-1.8 masentimita. Pakani iliyonse imakhala ndi nandolo 6.7. Mphete za utoto wa utoto, pakapsa, zimasanduka chikaso. Kapangidwe kamakhala kosasinthika - amakhala owongoka, osira pang'ono.

Chithunzi: Mitundu ya tiyi ya tiyi yoyenera kumera pakhomo

Pa pawindo mutha kukulira nandolo. Amangogwiritsa ntchito mbewu ngati chakudya, nyemba zomwezo sizinachite.

• Oscar. Mitundu ya pea imachokera ku Czech Republic. Zili m'gulu la Ultra-oyambirira. Kukolola kucha mu masiku 42-45. Phesi ndi lalifupi kwambiri, pafupifupi 70-80 cm. Nyemba ndizitali (9-12 cm), zopindika mwamphamvu, nsonga imaloledwa. Iliyonse mwa nandolo 10-12. Nyemba zam'munsi zimapangidwa kutalika kwa masentimita 40. Mphesa zomwe zafika pakukhwima kwaukadaulo, zobiriwira, pa saladi wodula. Chipolopolocho chimakwinyika kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizana ndi matenda, makamaka Fusarium wilt. Zokolola zimacha palimodzi.
• Adagum. Zosiyanasiyana zimatchulidwa ngati nthawi yapakatikati. Zokolola zipsa masiku 68-73. Tsamba limafikira kutalika kwa 70-80 cm, ma internodes ndifupikitsa, pali masamba ochepa. Kukhalapo kwa masharubu opangidwa bwino ndichikhalidwe. Nyemba ndi zazifupi (7 cm), popanda kuwerama, ndi chithunzi chowoneka bwino, chamtundu wobiriwira. Chidwi chilichonse chimakhala ndi nazi 8-9. Nthawi zambiri chomera chimodzi chimabweretsa nyemba 12-16. Mbewuzo ndi zazing'ono (kapena pafupi ndi zazikulupo), zobiriwira zakuda, laimu pamtundu wodulidwa, wokutidwa. Zosiyanasiyana zimawonetsa kusatetemera koyenera ku powdery mildew ndi ascochitosis, koma alibe chitetezo chokwanira.
• Kukula koyambirira kwa Gribovsky 11. Kukula mwaukadaulo kumachitika patadutsa masiku makumi asanu ndi limodzi kudza makumi asanu ndi limodzi atatuluka kale, wathunthu - m'masiku 66-73. Tsinde lokhala ndi ma subsomet ofupikira, kutalika kwake kumafikira masentimita 35 mpaka 40. Nyemba ndi zotumphuka kapena zopindika pang'ono, zobiriwira zakuda. Kutalika kwakukulu ndi 8-10 cm, mainchesiwo ndi 1.2-1.4 cm.Pod iliyonse imakhala ndi nandolo ya 6-8. Mbewuzo ndi zozungulira, zopindika. Akamakula, amasintha mtundu kuchoka pa zobiriwira mpaka chikasu. Kuchita zabwino. Matenda owopsa kwambiri kwa onse omwe amaphunzitsidwa ndi ascochitosis.
• Ngale za Hawsky. Zosiyanasiyana kuyambira pagulu la nyengo yamkati, alimi akhala akukulira kwa zaka zoposa makumi awiri. Njira yakucha imatenga masiku 55-70, zipatso zimamasuka. Kutalika kwa tsinde ndi 78-97 masentimita, ndi ma infode okwanira 18-20, ndipo nyemba zimayamba kupanga kutalika kwa 11-14th. Nyemba zokhala ndi kuwerama pang'ono, nsonga yake yalongosoledwa. Kutalika kwakukulu ndi masentimita 7-8, awiri ndi mainchesi 1.2. Iliyonse imakhala ndi nandolo 5-9. Mbewuzo sizokulirapo, pafupifupi mbali zonse, zonyezimira, mwa mawonekedwe a kiyibodi yomwe ili ndi ngodya zozungulira, zopentedwa utoto wa laimu, pamtundu wodulidwa komanso wachikaso. Zosiyanasiyana zimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukana kwake bwino mitundu yonse ya zowola.
• Chikhulupiriro Zosiyanasiyana kuchokera m'gulu la kucha koyambirira. Zokolola zimatha kuchotsedwa patatha masiku 48-63 patamera mbeu. Pofika pano, nyemba zafika kukhwima mwaukadaulo. Nandolo amalimbikitsidwa kumalongeza. Kutalika kwa tsinde sikupitirira masentimita 55-65. Nyemba ndi zowongoka kapena zowongoka bwino. Kutalika kwake ndi 6-9 masentimita, ndipo mainchesi ndi 1,2-11.4 cm. Iliyonse ili ndi njerezi 8-8. Zosanja zikopa zimatchulidwa kwambiri. Pakucha, mtundu wa poto umasintha kuchokera ku saladi wobiriwira kukhala laimu. Nandolo silikhala lalikulu, losazungulira mowongoka, lopindika, lamaso, lopindika. Zosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri zimayambukiridwa ndi ascochitosis.
• Kutuluka kwa dzuwa. Nandolo zimafika kukhwima mwaukadaulo masiku 67. Kutalika kwa tsinde - 65-75 masentimita. Nyemba zimayamba kupanga kutalika kwa masentimita 18-20. Masamba ndi ma stipuleti ndi obiriwira amdima, apakati kukula. Zosanja zikopa zikuwoneka bwino. Nandolo ndiwowoneka bwino wobiriwira, letesi pamtundu wodulidwa, wowongoka pang'ono, pansi ndi pabwino.

Zithunzi zojambulidwa: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nandolo

Kukonzekeretsa kubzala

Kukonzekera kukula kwa nandolo kunyumba kumayamba ndikusankhidwa kwa mbewu zabwino. Izi ndizomwe zimabweretsa kukolola zochuluka mtsogolo. Mutha kuzigula kapena kuwapeza. Amasungira kumera kwa zaka ziwiri.

Gawo loyamba lokonzekera kubzala mbewu za mtola - kuwunika koyang'ana

Choyamba, nandolo zimakonzedwa ndikuyang'aniridwa mosamala, kutaya zomwe zili ndi chilema chodziwikiratu - kuphwanya umphumphu wa khungu, zowonongeka zina zamakina, mawanga omwe amafanana ndi mawonekedwe a nkhungu ndi zowola, kukula kwake kosagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe ndi zina.

Mbewu zotsala mu mphindi 10-15 zimamizidwa m'madzi ofewa ndikuwonjezera mchere (20 g pa lita). Ngati palibe kusungunuka kapena kugwa mvula, wapampopi aliyense amatero. Koma iyenera kutetezedwa kwa pafupifupi tsiku limodzi, kuyembekezera kuti mpweya wofanana ndi phale loyera. Muthanso kuwonjezera madontho ochepa a apulosi cider viniga kapena makhiristo a citric acid. Nandolo zomwe zimayandama pamwamba zimatha kuponyedwa nthawi yomweyo. Kuwala kosadziwika kumatanthauza kusapezeka kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Mbewu zotere sizipereka mbande, ndizodziwikiratu.

Kuthira mbewu za nandolo mu saline kumakupatsani mwayi wokana zomwe mwachionekere sizingamere

Nandolo zomwe zadutsa chiyeso chofuna kumera zakonzeka kumera. Mafuta omwe amachotsedwa mu msuzi wa saline amatsukidwa m'madzi ndikulola kuti zochulukirapo zithetse mwa kuzifalitsa pamipukutu ya bafuta kapena matawulo a thonje. Kenako amanyowa mu njira ya potaziyamu permanganate wowoneka bwino wa rasipiberi kuti ateteze kukula kwa matenda a fungus. Madzi okhala ndi kuphatikizira kwa boric acid (0,1 g pa 0,5 l) ndiwofunikiranso. Njira m'nkhani yoyamba kumatenga maola 6-8, wachiwiri - mphindi 15-20.

Potaziyamu permanganate yankho - imodzi mwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo

Pambuyo pake, nandolo zimatsukidwanso ndikusungidwa kwa maola 4-6 m'madzi opanda chofunda, Kutenthetsa ndi 40-45ºС. Panthawi imeneyi, ndikofunikira kusintha kuti musinthe kamodzi kapena kawiri, chifukwa kumazizira. Pambuyo pa nthawi yosankhidwa, amachotsedwa pamadzi ndikuuma.

Gawo lomaliza la kubzala mbewu ndikumera. Chovala kapena thonje la thonje limapukutidwa ndi madzi ndikufewetsa pang'ono kuti lisakwere. Kuti muchepetse njirayi, biostimulator ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kumadzi. Mankhwala onse omwe agulidwa (Epin, Kornevin, Heteroauxin, potaziyamu humate) ndi wowerengeka azitsamba (madzi a aloe, uchi, presinic acid) ndi abwino. Mbewu zimayikiridwa pa nsalu iyi ndikuphimbidwa ndi chidutswa chomwecho pamwamba. Ndiosafunika kugwiritsa ntchito gauze. Mbande zikamera zimasokonezeka pakati pazingwe; sizingatheke kuzichotsa pamenepo osazithyoka. Ndipo zopukutira pepala zimafalikira mwachangu mu phala, chifukwa zinthuzo zimayenera kukhala zongokhala nthawi zonse zikamuma. Izi siziyenera kuyiwalika. Ngati nsaluyo iuma, mbewu zimangosowa.

Ngati mukulunga nthanga za peyala mu chidebe, masamba ophukira amakhala ovuta kuchotsa kuchokera pamenepo popanda kuwonongeka

"Thumba" lomwe limatsogolalo limayikidwa pa mbale ndikuyika kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, batire yotenthetsera kapena sill yowunikira yambiri masana ndiyabwino. Mbewu zakonzeka kubzala, pomwe mphukira yatalika pafupifupi sentimita. Amaswa kwinakwake m'masiku atatu, njira yonse imatenga masiku 5-6. Nandolo zotere zimapatsa mbande masiku 4-5 m'mbuyomu kuposa osakonzekera.

Mbeu zanthete zowuluka zimera mwachangu komanso bwino kumera kuposa kosakonzekera

Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira yoti mbewuzo zibzalidwe m'nthaka itangobereka. Sakufunanso kuti ziume.

Olima ena amalimbikitsa kungothira nandolo ndi madzi ofunda. Koma pankhaniyi, iwo omwe alibe luso kwambiri amatha kuwononga zinthu zobzala. Ngati thovu liziwoneka pamadzi, izi zikutanthauza kuti gawo limodzi la mbewu linafa chifukwa chakhalapo. Nthawi zambiri usiku wokwanira, ndipo m'mawa nandolo amatha kubzala kale. Adzatupa, koma osamera. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe a mbande azachedwa.

Vidiyo: kukonzekeretsa mbewu ya nandolo

Momwe mungalitsire nandolo kunyumba pazenera: mulingo woyenera

Palibe zofunika zapadera pakukula kwa nandolo. Koma ndikofunikira kuzolowera nokha ndi "zokhumba" zachikhalidwe musanapangire kuti mupange mtundu woyenera kapena wapafupi kwambiri. Pokhapokha ngati izi ndizotheka kututa zochuluka.

Nandolo ndi imodzi mwazomera zomwe sizigwira bwino kwambiri m'munda. Khalidweli limasungidwa mukadzala kunyumba. Chomera chimakonda kutentha kutentha kwa 16-18 ° C, ndiye kuti miphika mumalimwe ndi chilimwe imatha kupititsidwa bwino kupita nawo kukhonde, ngakhale osadulidwa. Koma mtola umalola kutentha pang'ono. Pa 25ºº ndi kumtunda, njira yakukula kwa mbewu imalepheretseka kwambiri, ngati kuti imagwera "hibernation". Izi zimasokoneza zokolola zamtsogolo. Chifukwa chake, kunyumba, ndikosayenera kubzala mbewu mu June kapena Julayi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala miyezi yotentha kwambiri. Ochepera ovuta pachikhalidwecho ndi pafupifupi -5ºº.

Kunyumba, nandolo zimayenera kupeza kuwala kokwanira.

Nandolo amatanthauza mbewu za nthawi yayitali masana. Kuti zikule bwino, mbewu zimafunika kuwala kwa maola 12 masana. M'chilimwe, miphika imayikidwa pazenera zenera loyang'ana kumwera, kumwera chakum'mawa, kumwera chakumadzulo. Ngati dzuwa silili lokwanira (ndipo mu Russia mokwanira, makamaka nthawi yozizira, kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira komanso koyambirira kwa kasupe), magwero oyatsa owunikira adzafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Onse apadera a phytolamp ndi amisonkhano wamba (luminescent, LED) adzachita. Amayikidwa pafupifupi theka la mita pamwamba pa mbale ndi nandolo, pamwamba, patali pafupifupi theka la mita, pamakona pang'ono.

Phytolamps amathandizira kupereka masana maola ambiri pazofunikira.

Pea imakhala ndi chiyembekezo chopita kumweya wabwino; sikuwopa kukonzekera. Chifukwa chake, chipindacho chimayenera kukhala chovomerezeka nthawi zonse. Zothandiza kwa iye ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, makamaka kutentha. Mutha kuwonjezera chinyezi mchipindacho m'njira zina - ikani mbewu zambiri m'chipindacho, ikani mabeseni ndi madzi ozizira, ikani miyala yonyowa kapena dongo lokwanira poto, mugule chida chapadera.

Mizu ya nandolo imapangidwa, kupezeka kwa muzu wamphamvu wamkati ndi khalidwe.Mukadzala pamalo otseguka, imalowa m'nthaka pafupifupi mita. Kunyumba, izi, ndizosatheka, koma muyenera kunyamula chidebe chakuya, chofunda chofanana ndi ndowa yachikhalidwe. M'miphika yopanda kanthu pali dothi laling'ono, izi zimatha kuyambitsa kuzizira kwa mizu komanso kuchepa kwakuthwa kwa ntchito. Zomwe zimakondedwa ndizovala zachilengedwe. Amapereka chobiriwira bwino ndipo samalola kuti chinyezi chisamire m'nthaka.

Poto wokula nandolo uyenera kukhala wozama komanso wowonda

Pea gawo lapansi limakonda zakudya zopatsa thanzi, koma nthawi yomweyo kuwala kwambiri. Mosasamala kanthu kuti mumagula dothi kapena kusakaniza nokha, mawonekedwewo ayenera kukhala ndi ufa wophika - mchenga wowuma, perlite, vermiculite, wosweka wouma moss-sphagnum, ulusi wa kokonati, udzu.

Shredred youma moss-sphagnum imapatsa dothi chofewetsa

Chofunikira china ndi humus kapena kompositi yovunda. Imapatsa osakaniza ndi thanzi labwino. Osamagwiritsanso manyowa atsopano. Imadzaza dothi ndi nayitrogeni, nandolo, monga ma nyemba zonse, ili ndi katundu wofanana. Ndipo zochulukirapo za macroelement amenewa zimakhudza chitetezo chomera, zimathandizira kupanga mapangidwe obiriwira ambiri kuwonongeka kwa maluwa ndi zipatso.

Humus imathandizira kukulitsa chonde

Kwa humus ndi kuphika ufa, wotengedwa pafupifupi voliyumu yofanana, kuwonjezera malo wamba. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito dothi la m'mundamo (bwino ndi lomwe Solanaceae kapena Dzungu lidalimidwa kale), gawo logulidwa la mbewu zonse kapena mbewu zamkati, nthaka ya m'nkhalango. Zotsirizirazi zimatengedwa bwino kwambiri pansi pa mitengo iliyonse yowola, kupatula birch.

Nthaka iliyonse iyenera kuti ichotsetsedwe musanagwiritse ntchito. Njira yosavuta ndikuyiyika kwa masiku angapo pa khonde losazizira nthawi yozizira kapena kuyigwirizira mufiriji. Njira zina ndizowotchera kapena kusambira.

Mitundu ya pea, kutalika kwake komwe sikupita mita, safuna kuthandizidwa. Kuti akhale otetezeka, amatha kuloledwa kuzungulira thandizo lomwe limapangidwa ndi nsungwi. Amagulitsidwa m'sitolo iliyonse ndi mbewu zamkati.

Kuthandizira nandolo zosafunikira kumamangidwa pazokha kapena kungogula

Ngati mungasankhe mitundu "yokwanira", muyenera kupanga china chofanana ndi trellis. Njira yosavuta ndiyomwe ili ndi mizere ingapo yopingasa komanso ulusi wolimba wolimba pakati pawo, chingwe chosambira kapena waya woonda. Kukula kopanira kwa ma mesh oyendetsedwayo ndi 10 * 10 cm.Ukuyikidwa molondola, simangogwira ntchito, komanso yokongoletsa. "Chojambula chobiriwira" chotere chimawoneka chachilendo kwambiri komanso choyambirira. Ingoyikani ukonde wokutidwa ndi nandolo pafupi ndi khoma. Pazinthu zotere, kusinthana kwachilendo kumakhala kotheka.

Njira Yobzala Mbewu

Mbewu zokonzekereratu za mtola zimabzalidwe m'chidebe chimodzi, chachikulu komanso chosaya. Mukamapereka aliyense wa iwo ndi mphamvu yayikulu, pali chiopsezo cha acidization nthaka ndikukula kwa zowola. M'malo mwake, kubzala m'mapapu apulasitiki kapena miphika ya peat ndikololedwa, koma ndiye mukufunikabe kusankha. Mazu a nandolo sakhala malo okwanira.

Mwachindunji pakukhazikitsa palibe chilichonse chovuta. Amagwira ntchito molingana ndi algorithm otsatirawa:

1. Zotetezazi zimadzaza ndi dothi lapansi, zothiriridwa madzi pang'ono ndi kupukutidwa. 3-5 masentimita ayenera kukhala m'mphepete mwa chidebe ngati palibe mabowo otayira, ayenera kuchitika mwaokha. Mapa pansi ndikofunikira - wosanjikiza dongo labwino kwambiri, mwala wosweka, miyala yamiyala, tchipisi ta njerwa pafupi masentimita awiri.
   

   Poyamba, mbewu za pea zimabzalidwa mumbale zodziwika bwino.

2. Mbewu zimabzalidwa m'minda yopanda matendawa mozama pafupifupi masentimita awiri. Kutalikirana pakati pawo ndi masentimita asanu ndi limodzi. Mizere imakonkhedwa ndi dothi, osakongoletsa. Kenako dothi limasungunukanso ndi kupopera madzi kuchokera mu botolo lothira. Chombocho chimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena chidutswa cha polyethylene, ndikusintha kukhala wowonjezera kutentha. Nthanga zisanaphuke, nandolo safuna kuwala. Komabe, kuthirira nthawi zonse kumafunikira ngati kumera kwamtambo komanso kupumula kwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndikokwanira kuchotsa pobisalira kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu kuti muchotse zodzikongoletsera zomwe mwapeza.
   

   Mbewu za pea zimabzyala m'nthaka mukabzala kuti mphukira ikuwonekera
3. Mbewuzo zikamera, malo ogona amachotsedwa. Chikhalidwe chimaperekedwa masana nthawi yayitali, mwachilengedwe kapena mwakapangidwe. Kutentha kwambiri ndi 18-20ºС. Kutsirira pafupipafupi ndikofunikira. Musalole kuti dothi lisaume. Pafupifupi sabata itatha, kuvala koyamba koyambirira kumachitika, ndikuthira nandolo ndi yankho la superphosphate yosavuta (2-3 g pa lita imodzi yamadzi).
   

   Mbeu za pea zomwe zakonzedwa zimamera mwachangu

4. Gawo lachigawo chachiwiri choona, mbande zimadumphira m'madzi. Zakhala m'mbale zodyeramo zolemera 0,3-0,5 malita. Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito bokosi limodzi, koma liyenera kukhala lalikulu mokwanira. Mtunda woyenera pakati pa mbewu ndiosachepera 5 cm.Dothi limagwiritsidwa ntchito chimodzimodzi ngati kumera kwa mbeu.
   1. Amachotsedwa mu chidebe chakale limodzi ndi mtanda wakale pamizu, kuyesa kuchepetsa ungwiro wake.
   2. Mbande zimabzalidwa m'maenje pafupifupi 5 cm.
   3. Kwa masiku 4-5 pambuyo pa kumera, nandolo zimasungidwa pang'ono, kutetezedwa ndi dzuwa.
   4. Mbeu zomwe zatalika masentimita 12 mpaka 15 zimamangidwa kuchithandizo, ngati kuli kofunikira.
      

      Pea mbande pambuyo pa madzi, ngati n`koyenera, womangidwa ku thandizo

Kusamalira kwina ndi kukolola

Kusamalira pea sikophweka, m'munda komanso kunyumba. Gawo lalikulu laukadaulo waulimi ndi kuthirira koyenera. Ndikofunikanso kuti dothi lomwe lili mumphikalamo limasulidwa nthawi zonse, limapatsanso mwayi mpweya wofikira kumizu komanso limalepheretsa nthaka kuti isaphwanyidwe.

Kumasulira dothi ndikofunikira ndikamakulitsa nandolo mumphika pawindo ndi panja

Mitundu yambiri imaphuka mwezi umodzi mutabzala mbewu mu nthaka kapena ngakhale pang'ono kale. Zokolola zipsa masiku 20-25. Mitundu yambiri ya shuga, nthawi imeneyi imachepetsedwa mpaka masiku 10-15. Palibe mavuto kuti muyambe kubereka. Pea ndichikhalidwe chodzipukutira tokha; amatha kuthana ndi ntchitoyi bwino lomwe popanda thandizo lakunja.

Zipatso za peyala ngakhale ali mu ukapolo zimamangidwa popanda thandizo

Maluwa asanafike maluwa, ndikokwanira kuthirira mbewu kawiri pa sabata ngati nyengo pamsewu ndiyabwino. Maluwa atangotseguka, zopangidwazo zimasinthidwa kukhala masiku awiri. Kutentha, ngakhale kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kungafunike. Mulimonsemo, gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofewa okha kuti asenthedwe.

Ndiosavuta kudziwa ngati yayamba kale kapena ngati ikufunika kudikirira - dothi lochokera pamwamba, litakulungidwa pazala, limamva "prick", silitha kupanikizidwa kukhala mtanda. Nthawi iliyonse, pafupifupi theka la ola pambuyo pa njirayi, pamene chinyontho chikutha kale, nthaka imamasulidwa ndikuya pafupifupi 5 cm.

Kutsanulira nandolo kumakhumudwitsidwa kwambiri. Izi zimagwirizanitsa dothi, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kulipirira. Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungal chimakulanso.

Kupatula kuvala pamwamba, komwe kumayimbidwa m'madzi, ndikwanira kuthira feteleza katatu munthawi yomwe masamba akugwira masamba a nandolo. Nthawi yoyamba njirayi imachitika musanayambe maluwa, kenako ndi masiku 12-15. Njira yothetsera michere imakonzedwa ndikumatha 1.5-2 g ya superphosphate yosavuta ndi potaziyamu sulfate mu lita imodzi ya madzi. Palinso feteleza wapadera wa nyemba zomwe zitha kugulidwa ku sitolo iliyonse yapadera popanda mavuto. Mulibe nayitrogeni, yemwe mmerawo umadzaza dothi lokha.

Zomera za maLeum sizili ndi nayitrogeni - mbewu zimapanga macroelement iyi palokha

Iwo amene amakonda kuvala zovala zapamwamba amatha kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa la nkhuni pouma kapena kulowetsamo.

Phulusa la nkhuni - gwero lachilengedwe la potaziyamu ndi phosphorous

Kanema: kubzala nandolo ndikupitiliza kusamalira mbeu

Nyemba zimachotsedwa pomwe zimacha. Dongosolo la mbewu zamphongo mu mkhalidwe wokhwima waukada ndizosachepera 6-7 mm. Nyemba zakupsa zomwe zatsala pachomera zimalepheretsa mazira atsopano.

Kutola nyemba zamtundu wanthawi zonse kumalimbikitsa kuonekera kwa mazira atsopano, potero pakukula lochuluka

Oyamba kucha ndi nyemba zosankhira pansi pazonse. Kubala mitundu yambiri kumakulitsidwa, kumatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Munthawi imeneyi, nyemba 0,5-0.8 za nyemba zimachotsedwa pachitsamba chimodzi. Amadulidwa mosamala ndi lumo kapena mpeni wakuthwa. Osakoka, kupotoza kapena kukoka matumba. Ndiosavuta kuyambitsa chomera pachokha.

Chizindikiro choti nthawi yakuphulika ikutha ndi tsinde lozizira. Koma mutha kukulitsa pang'ono pochulukitsa masamba onse kuchokera kumunsi ndikutsina pamwamba. Njirayi imalimbikitsa maonekedwe atsopano.

Ngati muli ndi dimba musangotaya mbewu zokhazo. Dulani nsonga zimaponyedwa mumulu wa kompositi. Ndipo mizu yophwanyika ndi feteleza wogwira ntchito mwamphamvu, mwanjira ina yoyenera manyowa ndi manyowa. Sikuti zimangowonjezera chonde m'nthaka, komanso zimawongolera kapangidwe kake.

Nandolo sizimadwala kunyumba nthawi zambiri, komanso chisamaliro choyenera - pafupifupi sizinatero. Matenda owopsa kwambiri obzala ndi powdery mildew. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuthana ndi bowa, amawaika m'nthaka komanso nyemba zokha. Zizindikiro zoyambirira ndi kuphimba kwamaso oyera otuwa komanso masamba owoneka bwino achikasu. Pang'onopang'ono, "ufa "wo umayamba kuzimiririka ndipo ngati unenepa, minyewa yomwe imakhudzidwa imasanduka yofiirira, youma ndikufa.

Powdery mildew ndi imodzi mwazofala kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda obisika m'nyumba komanso m'munda

Pofuna kupewa, makhiristo angapo a potaziyamu permanganate nthawi zina amawonjezeredwa ndi madzi kuthirira, ndipo choko chophwanyika kapena phulusa la nkhuni chofesedwa chimabzalidwa m'nthaka nthawi yobzala. Kuti muthane ndi matenda omwe apezeka koyambirira, mankhwala okwanira wowerengeka. Nandolo ndiwothira ndi yankho la colloidal sulfure, ufa wa mpiru, umasungunulidwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1 kefir kapena Whey ndi kuwonjezera kwa ayodini, kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi kapena mivi ya adyo, chitsamba chowawa. Monga lamulo, mankhwalawa a 2-3 omwe amakhala ndi nthawi ya masiku atatu ndi okwanira. Popanda kuchitapo kanthu, fungicides ya chilengedwe choyambira imagwiritsidwa ntchito (Strobi, Alirin-B, Tiovit-Jet).

Wachiwiri matenda wamba kunyumba ndi mizu zowola. Nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa chodula madzi nthawi zonse. Komanso ndiowopsa chifukwa bowa amafalikira pamizu kwa nthawi yayitali, gawo la mlengalenga limawoneka lathanzi. Ndipo tsinde likayamba kufowoka ndi kufewetsa, limayamba kuchepa kukhudza, dothi limakokedwa ndi chosemphana ndi fumbi ndikufalitsa fungo loola, lachedwa kwambiri kupulumutsa mbewuyo. Iyenera kuwonongedwa posachedwa - uwu ndiye gwero la kufalikira kwa matendawa. Njira zodzitetezera popewa kukula kwa muzu zowola ndizofanana ndi zomwe zalimbikitsidwa pakulimbana ndi powdery mildew.

Zizindikiro zowopsa za pea muzu zowola zimawonekera pokhapokha kutha kuzipulumutsa - chitukuko cha matendawa chapita kwambiri

Kanema: zokumana nazo zokulira nandolo kunyumba

Nandolo sizokoma zokha, komanso thanzi kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, nkovuta kupeza chiwembu chomwe chilibe bedi laling'ono nacho. Koma mbewu, zomwe zimakondedwa ndi akulu ndi ana, zimatha kusangalatsa osati mchaka chokha. Kukonzekera kwa nandolo chifukwa chobzala kuli ngati mbewu yofesedwa poyera. Mwachindunji pakubzala mu nthaka ndi kusamaliranso mbewuyo sikovuta. M'malo mwake, chomaliza chimakhala kumasula nthaka, kuthirira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza.