Carnation ndi mtundu wamaluwa oyambira maluwa kuchokera kubanja la Carnation. Duwa lokongola la herbaceous osatha, amatanthauza zonse zakutchire ndi dimba.
Dzinali lidalandiridwa chifukwa cha mawu achi Greek omwe amatanthauza umulungu ndi duwa. Mu chilankhulo chakale amatanthauzidwa kuti "Duwa laumulungu".
Mbali Yachitetezo
Kapangidwe ka mizu kumangotengera mtundu wabzala. Agawidwa m'mitundu itatu:
- kumera kwakuya;
- nthambi;
- zotupa.
Duwa ili ndi kuthekera kwa kuphatikizika kwakamodzi kwa maluwa ndi maluwa mphukira, pomwe ali ndi mawonekedwe owonda kwambiri. Masamba omwe ali pamunsi pa tsinde amatha kukhala amitundu ingapo: liniya, loreolate-lanceolate, awl.
Mu nthawi zakale za zovala, zotchedwa lignation, kwathunthu mmunsi mwa tsinde, zimawoneka, chifukwa cha izi zimafanana ndi chitsamba.
Pa tsinde ndi duwa limodzi, lokhala ndi miyala 5. Mbale ya petal ndiyowongoka, yokhotakhota, kapena yopindika. Komabe, pali mitundu yomwe imaphwanya malamulowa. Mwachitsanzo, ali ndi maluwa angapo nthawi imodzi, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence. Mtunduwu umakhala wosiyanasiyana, kuyambira wofiira mpaka lavenda. Mitundu ina imatha kukhala ndi mithunzi yachilendo, monga lalanje, zobiriwira, zofiirira.
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya zokongoletsa, maziko a tsindewo amaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi loonda, laling'ono. Ichi ndi chitetezo chachilengedwe.
Pali zovala zina zachilendo monga terry ndi semi-terry. Amasiyana kwambiri mwachizolowezi maonekedwe awo.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhazikika
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mbewu iyi, iliyonse yomwe imagawidwa kukhala mitundu, ina ili pafupifupi 100%, yokhala ndi zofanana pakati pawo.
Alpine
Chimakhala chamitundu yambiri yosatha. Tsinde kutalika mpaka 25 cm. Ndi kukula, zitsamba zonga zitsamba zimapangidwa. Wotchuka kwambiri kumapiri aku Austria. Ili ndi masamba aatali, opapatiza omwe ali utoto wobiriwira.
Maluwa pawokha ndi akulu, ali ndi utoto wokongola - lilac, wofiirira, wofiira, rasipiberi. M'mphepete, pamakhala matalala, osadulidwa, pansi ali ndi mawonekedwe. M'mikhalidwe yamtchire, nthawi yamaluwa imagwera pakati pa chilimwe. Kunyumba, mutha kupeza yachiwiri kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Armeiform
Zomera zimakhala ndi udzu, mitengo yake imakhala yotsika, komabe, imatalika mpaka 50 cm.Pansi pazachilengedwe, mtunduwu umatha kupezeka m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Masamba amakhala ndi mawonekedwe, mtundu wobiriwira, kutalika mpaka 10,6 cm.
Duwa limakhala ndi miyala 5 yapinki, yomwe imakutidwa ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka madontho oyera. Amapezeka m'mitundu iwiri, yokhayo komanso inflorescence. Wotchuka kwambiri ngati chomera chokongoletsera.
Khalani
Osazungulira, kutalika kwapakatikati - mpaka 50 masentimita kutalika. Odziwika kwambiri ku Europe ku Russia, nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku Crimea.
Tsinde limakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira, masamba amzere. Duwa ndi mtundu wofiirira, wokhala ndi fungo labwino. Maluwa oterewa amapezeka mkati mwa chilimwe.
Grenadine
Mtundu wotchuka wa zovala zamaluwa. Ndi gulu la osatha. Maluwa ochulukirapo amawonekera mchaka chachiwiri mutabzala mu nthaka.
Mtunduwu, umagawidwanso m'mitundu iwiri momwe maluwa: wamba ndi pawiri. Dongosolo la onse sioposa masentimita 6. Masamba omwe ali pamtanda ndi ochepa, a pini.
Singano (singano)
Maluwa amakula payekhapokha pa tsinde loonda, lalitali, ndipo amathanso kusonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence, mpaka zidutswa 4.
Ali ndi khungu loyera la petals. Ili ndi dzina lake lakuthwa kwamasamba, ofanana ndi singano.
Wachichaina
Mphukira yopindika kwambiri yotalika masentimita 15 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 40. Masamba ndiwotalika komanso opapatiza, nthawi zina amapindika. Maluwa amabweranso m'mitundu iwiri - terry komanso yosavuta. Pakati adaluka utoto, pafupi ndi malekezero a miyala, kuyambira pakati - yoyera.
Ali ndi mawonekedwe owumbika kwambiri. Khalidwe ili limakupatsani mwayi kuti mukure mu malo apanyumba, pakhonde. Mbali yodziwika bwino yamtunduwu ndi kusowa konse kwa maluwa. Zimapezeka payekhapayekha, komanso mu inflorescence pazidutswa 4.
Knappa
Shrub osatha. Chimodzi mwazomera zokoma pakati pa zokongoletsa, ndimtundu wamaluwa achikasu.
Mtunduwu umakhala wofala, komanso zimachitika ndi masamba oyera.
Sandy
Inatchedwa dzina la malo omwe anapezeka koyamba. Pankhani ya dothi, limakonda dothi lamchenga. Akuwombera mpaka 40 cm.
Maluwa ndi ofiira apinki kukula kwake, makulidwe aku 3.5 cm.Mphepete mwa masamba amakongoleredwa ndi mphonje zachilendo.
Lush
Mtundu wa maluwa osagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, wosalemekeza, chifukwa kukula kumakonda masamba a nkhalango. Imapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Zofanizira payekha zimatha kutalika masentimita 50. Mukakula, imapanga tchire lotayirira lomwe limakhala ndi masamba onunkhira osadziwika bwino. Limamasula kawiri nthawi yachilimwe, kumayambiriro, ndi kumapeto.
Munda
Wodziwika bwino kuti Dutch. Ili ndi zitsamba zobiriwira, zomwe zimakula mwachangu. Maluwa ndi akulu, pamiyendo yayitali.
Zimachitika mwanjira yokhayokha komanso inflorescence, nthawi zambiri mumitundu iwiri. Chochititsa chidwi ndi kuthekera kwa kulima kwa chaka chonse mumiphika, kunyumba.
Chomera
Tsinde ndi loonda kwambiri, komanso kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 40. Mtundu wachilengedwe wa maluwa oterewa ndi pinki, carmine.
Nthawi zina amapezeka masamba oyera. Zocheperako, zojambula pamakhala. Izi zimawonedwa ngati zosowa kwambiri ndipo zimayamikiridwa.
Chituruki
Mtundu wa maluwa otchuka kwambiri. Zimatengera gulu la anthu azaka ziwiri zakubadwa. Mphukira imafikira kutalika kwa 65 cm.
Ma inflorescence a chithokomiro ndi gulu la maluwa okongola, omwe, kuposa apo, amakhala ndi fungo labwino.
Shabo
Palinso mitundu yamtchire yamatchalitchi, iyi ndi imodzi mwamitunduyi. Mizu yake imapangidwa bwino kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya mbewu. Tsinde ndi lozungulira, limatha kutalika masentimita 60. Maluwa omwe amakula pamwamba ndi akulu kwambiri.
M'mimba mwake, amatha kukula mpaka masentimita 7. Ali ndi mtundu woyera wowala. Palinso zochitika za maluwa apinki, achikasu, ofiira.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pachaka imakhala chifukwa chakuzindikira kwawo poyerekeza ndi zina zosatha. Kuphatikiza apo, pamitundu yotere simuyenera kupanga pogona nyengo yachisanu.
Zinthu za kusamalira komanso kukulitsa zokolola poyera
Monga mbewu zonse zomwe zimalimidwa, ma clove amafunika kuti azikolola udzu nthawi zonse, kuthirira, ndi feteleza. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa maluwa owongoka, ndikusiya tsinde osapitilira 10. Mitundu yomwe imakhala ndi tsinde lopyapyala komanso lalitali iyenera kumangirizidwa.
Chisamaliro chimatengera mtundu wobzalidwa, momwe ungathere, nyengo ndi nyengo. Mitundu yonse imakonda nthaka kapena dothi, koma imamera bwino. Komabe, kukula kwa maluwa, kunyezimira ndi machulukidwe amtundu wa pamakhala zimatengera izi, pafupifupi mitundu yonse imakonda nthaka yamchere pang'ono, yophatikiza moyenera.
Udindo wofunikira umaseweredwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha nthaka, muyenera kuyang'anira izi mosamala. Kuchulukitsa - kusokoneza kukula.
Mitundu ndi mitundu zomwe sizikhala ndi kutentha kochepa, kutentha kwa nthaka, ndikutuluka kwa yophukira kuyenera kuphimbidwa. Chitani izi. Kuzungulira duwa, mabatani adayikidwa, ndikupanga chubu, mkati momwe duwa liyenera kukhalira. Kenako, utuchi ndi masamba okugwa amayikidwa mkati, ndikofunikira kutenthetsa mbewuyo m'nyengo yozizira, bulangeti la impromptu. Pambuyo pake kapangidwe kamakutidwa ndi kanema.
Itsegulanso bwino. Olima dimba amalimbikitsa manyowa kapena manyowa ngati feteleza.
Mukamaliza maluwa, ndikofunikira kudula tsinde. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuti mtunda kuchokera pansi mpaka wodulidwayo osaposa masentimita 15. Atatha opaleshoni iyi, dothi lozungulira limathiridwa manyowa, kumasulidwa ndikuthiriridwa. Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi pambuyo pa njirayi, mitundu yatsopano yowombera, maluwa obwereza amayamba.
Kufalitsa kwa thupi ndi chisamaliro kunyumba
Kutengera zovuta zonse ndi mawonekedwe ake, ma cloves amatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka 6, ngakhale kunyumba.
Pakubzala chipinda ichi, njira yoberekera pogwiritsa ntchito mbeu ndi yangwiro. Ndiwosavuta kwambiri komanso wofala kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kunyumba kulibe kufunika kwa mbande, chifukwa mbewu zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo mumphika wamaluwa, pomwe maluwa okongola onunkhira amakula.
Nthawi yofesa mbewu ndiwofesi wa February-Marichi, izi zimachitika kuti mawonekedwe a maluwa oyandikira ayandikira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Gawo lapadera limakonzekera kufesa, imakhala ndi magawo angapo: turf ndi tsamba lamasamba, peat, mchenga. Zonsezi zimasakanikirana mu 2: 1: 1: 1. Pofuna kuteteza mbewu kuti isatenge matenda osiyanasiyana, tizirombo, osakaniza amasakaniza.
Njira yotentha ya potaziyamu permanganate ndiyabwino pazolinga izi. Kusakaniza kumatsanulidwa ndi yankho pasadakhale. Pansi pa mphikawo, ngalowazo zidayikidwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti mbewuyo siyilekerera chinyezi m'nthaka. Chiwerengero cha mbewu zobzalidwa zimatengera chidebe chomwe chidzayikidwe. Ngati mukufuna kukala mumphika, mbewu 2-3 zidzakhala zokwanira. Ngati zili mumtsuko, ndikofunikira kuti zochulukazo zikhale zochepa, ndikupatsa mtunda wa pafupifupi 20 cm pakati pa mbewu.
Mbewu zimabzalidwa m'nthaka ndikuzama pafupifupi 0,3 mm. Ndiye kuthiriridwa, kupyola kudzera pamphuno yapadera yopopera. Amachita izi kuti asazule mbewu m'nthaka, osazifafaniza. Kuti zitsimikizire kukula, chidebe chokhala ndi njere chimayikidwa pomwe matenthedwe sakhala otsika, koma osakweza kuposa +24 ° C. Kuti akwaniritse nambala yomwe akufuna, amaphimba kenakake ndi chidebe.
Kusamalira ma cloves, omwe amabzalidwa m'nyumba, ndikosavuta kuposa kusamalira chomera potseguka. Zofunikira zochepa: kumasula dothi pafupipafupi, kuvala pamwamba komanso kudula.
Kumapeto kwa nyengo yamaluwa, inflorescence imadulidwa pamodzi ndi pamwamba pa tsinde. Chifukwa cha izi, pakapita kanthawi, kuthengo kumatha kumasanso, kusangalatsa mitundu yake yokongola ya okhala m'nyumba.
Popeza iye siwothandizira kuthirira kwambiri ndikunyowa, sikulimbikitsidwa kuyika miphika yamaluwa m'zipinda zokhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu, mwachitsanzo, m'bafa. Muyenera kukhazikitsa poto pamalo opezeka bwino. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika pokhapokha nthaka yapamwamba itayimitsidwa ndi 10 mm. Ndikosatheka kupopera mbewu mbewu, izi zimawononga kukula kwake.
Ndikothekanso kudyetsa zovala zamkati, chifukwa izi zimalola mbewu kuti ikule mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu. Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba ndi kuthirira chimachitidwa pamene tsinde lakula mpaka masentimita pafupifupi 9. Lachiwiri limatengera kupangidwa kwa masamba.
Zodzikongoletsera zimafalikira makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodulira, ndiye kuti, kulekanitsa maluwa ndi chitsamba. Njira ndi yachilengedwe. Amatha kuchulukitsa pafupifupi zipatso zonse zosatha. Kubzala, mchenga kapena perlite ndikofunikira. Ntchito yodzala imachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti munthawi imeneyi mphukira zimadziwika kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, sangathenso kusokonezeka ndi ma peduncle.
Zomwe zimayambira ndizoyenera kwambiri chomera pamtunduwu, ndipo kutalika kwake kumayenera kukhala osachepera 5. Onani mosamalitsa kuchuluka kwa masamba pa tsinde - osachepera 3. Zitatha izi, masamba awiri owonjezera amachotsedwa. Kenako chikalengedwa chimapangidwa pang'ono pansi pomwe panali mpowo. Kuya kwa kudula ndikofunikira kwambiri, kuyenera kukhala chimodzimodzi 1/3 ya mainchesi a tsinde. Kupitilira apo, zodulidwazo zimayikidwa m'nthaka yokonzedwa kuti mubzale. Ntchito yomanga yonseyi imayamba chilimwe.
Komabe, mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya ku Turkey ya zokongoletsa zitha kufalikira mosavuta pogawa chitsamba. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ngati zonse zachitika bwino, maluwa ayamba chilimwe.
Zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi mphukira zazitali zimalimbikitsidwa kufalitsa ndi zigawo. Izi zachitika motere: choyamba pangani chibwibwi kuchokera pansi pa tsinde - mmwamba, mpaka pakuya pafupifupi 1/3 pa tsinde. Pambuyo pake, gawo lomwe limadulidwa limasunthira dothi, mchenga umathiridwa pamwamba pake, kenako kuthirira kumachitika. Zomera zatsopano zikawoneka, mbewuyo iyenera kupatulidwa ndikubzalidwe.
Kubeledwa pogwiritsa ntchito mbeu kumangofunika mitundu yamtunduwu wa mbewuyi.
Kubzala cloves tikulimbikitsidwa kumapeto kwa masika. Monga chidebe, miphika yodzazidwa ndi mchenga ndi yangwiro. Kutentha kwambiri kwa mbewuyo sikuyenera kupitirira + 20 ° C. Kubzala mbande ziyenera kukhala mosamalitsa masamba anayi atatuluka.
Matenda ndi tizirombo touluka
Cloves amadwala matenda ndi tizilombo. Palibe maluwa okhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, chifukwa chopitilira kukula kwa bowa ndi ma virus. Tsoka ilo, palibe njira yothetsera matenda onse. Ngakhale mtundu wamkati wamaluwa uli ndi mwayi waukulu wodwala. Izi zikuphatikizapo fungal muzu zowola. Kuti chomera chisadwala nacho, ndikofunikira kuchita prophylaxis. Amakhala wothirira nthawi zonse komanso wapakamwa, wophatikizira bwino ngalande za maluwa.
Ngati zinali zosatheka kupulumutsa kumatenda, sizotheka kuchiritsa. Chokhacho chomwe chatsala ndikuzula ndi kuwononga. Ndiye nthaka momwe mudali duwa lofunika kudwala ndi yankho la fungicidal yolima dimba. Izi zitha kugulidwa ku malo aliwonse apadera.
Nthawi zambiri kuposa pamalo otseguka, komabe amapezeka - heterosporiosis. Izinso ndi bowa, komanso kugonjetsedwa ndi mbewe. Kupewa komanso kuchiza ndizofanana. Mukazula, nthaka iyeneranso kuthandizidwa ndi njira yapadera.
A Dachnik akutsimikiza: clove - mankhwala, ntchito
Ng'ombe zazala zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kale ngati mankhwala. Mndandanda wazinthu zake zothandiza ndi zokulirapo:
- antiseptic;
- katundu wa antispasmodic;
- katundu wa antivirus;
- diuretic kwenikweni;
- kusazindikira.
Komabe, pali zotsutsana pakugwiritsa ntchito izi. Sitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ana osakwana zaka 2. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti musagwiritse ntchito anthu omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, gastritis, amayi oyembekezera. M'pofunika kukana kugwiritsa ntchito pamaso pa syndromes of over Work, tension.
