Timakula pakhomo pamiyala: malamulo a kubzala ndi kusamalira

Persimmon - chokoma ndi chopatsa thanzi chipatso kucha kumapeto kugwa. Kuti mudziwe nokha ndi mabulosi owopsa, sikofunika kugula m'sitolo. Momwe mungamere pakhomo pakhomo, tidzapeza m'nkhaniyi.

Zamkatimu:

• Kusankha ndi kukonzekera mbewu za kubzala
• Kulima Malamulo
• Video: momwe angabzalitsire mwala wa persimmon
• Kusamalira ndi kuika
• Kuthirira
• Kupaka pamwamba
• Kuunikira
• Kutentha
• Kukonza ndi Kukanikiza
• Katemera
• Kuwaza
• Video: momwe mungasinthire mmera
• Matenda ndi tizirombo
• Ndemanga zochokera ku intaneti zokhudzana ndi ubwino wa persimmon

Kufotokozera

Pali mitundu yoposa chikwi ya zomera za banja la Ebony. Izi ndi mitengo yobiriwira kapena yobiriwira ndi zitsamba zomwe zimadya zipatso. Mitengo ndi ya nthawi yaitali, yamoyo mpaka zaka mazana asanu. Persimmon ili ndi korona wamba, yofalitsa korona, kawirikawiri imakhala yozungulira. Masamba ndi ophweka, osiyana, oboola, obiriwira.

Chomeracho chimamera mu May, ndipo chimabereka zipatso pafupi ndi November. Chipatsocho ndi mtundu wowala wa lalanje, kuzungulira kapena mawonekedwe a mtima, ndi khungu lakuda ndi yowutsa mudyo minofu. Amakonda tart pang'ono, koma pamene imapsa imapeza kukoma, ndipo nyenyezi zakutchire zimatulutsa kunja. Mkati mwa mabulosi muli pafupi mbewu khumi.

Persimmon - mavitamini enieni otetezera thanzi lathu. Pezani zothandiza zopindulitsa ndi zovomerezeka za persimmon.

Chomeracho chimaperekedwa kumadera otentha: kum'mwera kwa Ulaya, Caucasus, China, Japan, gawo la kum'mwera ndi North America, Australia.

Chomeracho sichikufuna nthaka, koma amakonda dzuwa ndi kutentha. Kuti mizu yake ikhale yolimba imafuna kutuluka kwa chinyezi, mwinamwake kusowa kwa mphamvu pa mbewu. Powasamalira mosamala, mtengo waukulu ukhoza kusangalatsa ndi kukolola - pafupifupi makilogalamu 80 a zipatso za dzuwa.

Mukudziwa? Kuchokera ku nkhuni za mitundu yosiyanasiyana D. Dera la Caucasus, amapanga mbale ndi zida zoimbira, kuzigwiritsira ntchito monga zomangamanga.

Kusankha ndi kukonzekera mbewu za kubzala

Kulima kumbali ya pakati, ndi bwino kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Caucasian persimmon: imakhala yosagwira kutentha ndi kutsika pang'ono kuposa mitundu yozizira. Wopereka mbewu yabwino kwambiri adzakhala mabulosi okoma bwino pamtengo. Koma mungagwiritse ntchito zipatso zogulidwa - chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti ndifefe, ndipo khungu liribe mawanga. Zotsatira zochitika zambiri:

1. Sankhani nyemba ku zamkati, natsuka ndikuwume.
2. Siyani zokololazo mu njira yothetsera potaziyamu permanganate tsiku limodzi kuti muzilitsamo mankhwala. Mitsinje yomwe imayandama pamwamba, nthawi yomweyo ikana - siidzalandira mbewu.
3. Musanayambe stratification, munthu ayenera kugaya mbali yayitali kwambiri ya mafupa kuti apange mosavuta "kubzala." Chitani izi ndi sandpaper ndi mbewu zabwino.
4. Awaleni ndi zopatsa mphamvu (mwachitsanzo, epine, kapena mungagwiritse ntchito madzi aloe) ndipo muzitha kumalo oundana pansi pa filimuyi kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi, pansi pa alumali. Kutentha kwa mpweya pano kukugwirizana ndi + 4-5 ° С.

Kukonzekera kwa mbewu za kubzala

Mukudziwa? Malingana ndi zina mwa akatswiri a mbiri yakale, dzina lakuti "persimmon" linaperekedwa ku chipatso cha Aperisi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nyama youma ya chipatso chokula ku Caucasus ikufanana ndi chipatso cha tsiku la kukoma. Ku Farsi, mawu akuti "Khormalu" amatanthauza "plamu ya tsiku." Pambuyo pake, mawuwa adachepetsedwa ndikusandulika dzina la chipatso.

Kulima Malamulo

Kumera mbande kumayamba kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, kumayambiriro kwa masika.

Njira yolima mbande:

1. Konzani miphika yapakatikati. Nthaka yabwino idzakhala yosakaniza peat ndi mchenga, gwiritsani ntchito vermiculite monga ngalande.
2. Mbewu imayikidwa pamapeto, kuikidwa mozama kufanana ndi kutalika kwake - mpaka 2 cm.
3. Phimbani fupa ndi choyamba ndikuphimba poto ndi zojambulazo.
4. Pamene mukudikira mbande, nthawi zonse perekani nthaka.
5. Kutentha kwakumera - + 22 ° С. Mukhoza kuyika chidebe pawindo lawindo pafupi ndi radiator.
6. Pakati pa kumera, chimbudzi chomwe chimapezeka pa filimuyi chiyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo chomeracho chimachokera mpweya kuti zisawononge.
7. Kukula, kumathamangira ku filimuyi ndi kukhetsa malaya. Ngati izi sizikuchitika, chotsani nokha ndi zozizwitsa.
8. Kawirikawiri, mphukira imaonekera mkati mwa mwezi. Mphika umayikidwa pamalo amdima, koma osati poyera.
9. Pofuna kukula bwino, mbande zimadyetsedwa ndi nitrogenous fetereza, mukhoza kugula mankhwalawa mu sitolo.

Video: momwe angabzalitsire mwala wa persimmon

Ndikofunikira! Ngati mwalawo sungakhoze kuchotsedwa, uyenera kutayidwa kunja: moisten ndi madzi ofunda ndi kuchoka thumba la polyethylene thumba usiku. Pambuyo pake, amatha kuchoka mosavuta.

Kusamalira ndi kuika

Mbande zolimba kuchokera pamphika wamba zimaphatikizidwira kukhala ndi magawo osiyana m'masiku khumi. Pansi pa mphika mutayika madzi, agone nthaka. Mphukira zazing'ono zimaphimbidwa ndi belu ya galasi kuti zisawonongeke. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, nkofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzimera mpweya ndikuchotsanso chimbudzi.

Kuthirira

Persimmon ndi chomera chakummwera, kotero amafunikira chinyezi nthawi zonse, ndipo kupopera masamba kumakhala kofunikira kwa izo. Kuchita kuthirira kutentha ndi madzi, nkofunika kusatsanulira zomera, nthaka iyenera kukhala yothira pang'ono. Kuti musapitirize kudula mizu ndikutsitsa dothi kuuma, mugwiritseni ntchito mulch, mwachitsanzo, bwino utuchi.

Kutentha kwa nyengo kumakhala kosafunika kuposa maulendo awiri pa nyengo. Pofuna kuteteza dothi kuti lisawume, sitsitsirani moyenera.

Kupaka pamwamba

Pamene mukudyetsa, sizosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali olemera kwa chomera (compost kapena humus). Olima amaluwa amalangiza ena omwe amapezeka mchere ndi masoka, monga alowe omwe amatsuka m'madzi otentha kapena madzi omwe nkhuku zimaphika.

Yang'anirani mbali zonse za kulima persimmon kunyumba ndi ku Crimea.

Maofesi abwino kwambiri a zomera, opindulitsa ndi mchere. Kuwongolera ndi feteleza sikuli koyenera, kawiri pa mwezi ndikwanira, ndikofunika kuti phosphorous ndi potaziyamu zikhale zovuta, zomwe zimapatsa mtengo mphamvu yotsatira fruiting. Phosphoric feteleza

Ndikofunika kukumbukira:

1. Zovala zapamwamba sizikuchitika panthaka youma.
2. Manyowa mmera nthawi yonse yolima.
3. M'nyengo yozizira, musadye.

Kuunikira

Malo a chidebe amasankhidwa aunikiridwa, koma osati dzuwa.

Mitengo yaing'ono imaphunzitsidwa kuunikira pang'ono pang'onopang'ono: pa tsiku lamitambo amaitenga kuchikonde, ngati nyengo ikuloleza. Choyamba kwa maola angapo, ndiye pang'onopang'ono kwa tsiku lonse.

Amayika pawindo lowala ngati galasi ili ndi filimu yosasangalatsa, mwinamwake masambawo atenthedwa.

Ndikofunikira! Chifukwa cha kumayambiriro kwa chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe, panthawi yamadzulo masana imapangidwa ndi kuunikira kwapangidwe: maola awiri m'mawa ndi madzulo.

M'nyengo yozizira, mphika wa persimmon umatulutsidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi kuwala. Sikoyenera kutulutsa kuwala, monga chomera chimafota.

Kutentha

Kutentha kosavuta kwa zomwe zilipo ndi 20-22 ° C, zomera zakula msinkhu zimakhala zabwino kwambiri pa +15 ° C. Chikhalidwe chachikulu ndi kusowa kwa drafts.

Phunzirani momwe mungamerere medla, mphesa, murayu, maula, apricoti, chitumbuwa chokoma, mtengo wa azitona, longan (diso la diso), calamondin, kanjedza yamtengo wapatali ndi papaya (mtengo wa vwende) kuchokera ku fupa.

M'nyengo yozizira, mphika umayenera kutulutsidwa m'chipinda chozizira: nthawi yopumulira imabwera ku chomera. Kutentha sikutsika kuposa +5 ° С kukulimbikitsidwa. Bwalo la Pristvolny panthawi ino liri ndi utuchi.

Kukonza ndi Kukanikiza

Ukalamba pakhomo, korona imayamba kupanga ndi kuyera pamene zomera zimatha kutalika kwa masentimita 40-50. Mphukira zimatha kuti zikhale bwino. Pamene mphukira za nthambi zikufika kutalika kwa 20-40 masentimita, zimatchedwanso. Njirayi idzafulumizitsa maluwa a chikhalidwe: nthawi zambiri imayamba m'chaka chachitatu kapena chachinai cha moyo.

Mtengo ukafika mamita a hafu ndi theka, korona wake imapanga mpira, kufutukula kumbali kumakhala kutalika.

Powonjezera kukula, koronayo imapepedwa nthawi zonse kuti itetewe. Kudulira Crown Persimmon

Katemera

Kuti tipeze fruiting, persimmon iyenera kubzalidwa. Kupititsa patsogolo mapangidwe a zipatso zimatemera katemera:

1. Sankhani mphukira yamphamvu, yathanzi ndikudula m'munsi mwa makungwa a makungwa perpendicular kwa kukula kwa mphukira.
2. Chovalacho chatembenuzidwira ndikuphatikizidwa mu malo odulidwa ndi mbali yakunja.
3. Mdulidwe uyenera wokutidwa ndi filimu yabwino ya chakudya kuti muteteze kuwonongeka kwa chinyezi komanso matenda opweteka.

Patapita kanthawi, mtengowo udzawonjezera makungwa atsopano, zomwe zidzatanthawuza kupambana kwa opaleshoniyo. Pamene ndondomekoyi ikuchepetsera kukula kwa mphukira, zomera zimalandira chizindikiro ku tab ya chipatso cha zipatso. Kawirikawiri, persimmon yokhala pamwala imayamba kubala zipatso m'chaka chachisanu ndi chiwiri. Pofulumizitsa ndondomekoyi, imathandizidwa ndi tsinde la mtengo wa zipatso.

Kuwaza

Persimmon imakhala ndi mizu yambiri, choncho mphika wawukulu ndi wovuta kwambiri. Mtengo wawung'ono umasinthidwa mu chidebe chatsopano pachaka, kuwonjezera kukula kwake ndi masentimita atatu mpaka anai.

Akafika ku mbewu kwa zaka zisanu, kuika pamtunda kumachitika kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri. Kuika zowonjezera mu chidebe chatsopano. M'tseguka, persimmon imaikidwa m'madera akum'mwera masika, mu Meyi. Malowa ayenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo. Phando likupangidwa ndi kukula kwa 60x60 masentimita, mtunda wa pakati pa mbande zingapo ukhale 1-2 mamita.

M'madera ozizira, tikulimbikitsanso kukula chomera ngati chophimba, chikhoza kutulutsidwa kumunda kapena ku khonde m'nyengo yozizira, chodzala pa chidebe mumphika kuti chikhotsidwe ku nyumba m'nyengo yozizira. Nyengo yozizira, ngakhale kulimbana ndi chisanu, persimmon silingalekerere, makamaka achinyamata sapling mpaka zaka zisanu.

Video: momwe mungasinthire mmera

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Pamene mukukula nyumba, mavitamini sakhala odwala, koma owonjezera amatha kutchire. Pa matenda otheka, owopsa ndi awa:

• powdery mildew;
• khansa ya bakiteriya;
• imvi zowola;
• mizu zowola;
• choda chakuda;
• nkhanambo

Ngati mukufuna kusonkhanitsa zokolola zambiri, werengani kuchotsa powdery mildew.

Mame a Mealy

Chifukwa cha matendawa nthawi zambiri chimakhala chinyezi, chomwe ndi malo okonzera bwino mabakiteriya ndi bowa. Mbalame ndi tizilombo timatha kutulutsa fungal spores kapena tizilombo tina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera ku mitengo yodwala. Mabakiteriya akhoza kupita ku mtengo wathanzi wapafupi ndi thandizo la mphepo. Chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a fungal ndi kusowa kwa kuwala (korona wandiweyani) ndi kuchuluka kwa feteleza, makamaka nitrogenous.

Kupewa matenda kumachita zotere:

• nthawi yamakono;
• tenga mtengo kwa mpweya wabwino;
• perekani kuunikira kofunikira;
• yang'anani kuthirira (moyenera).

Komanso chitetezo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa Bordeaux osakaniza (1%), isanakhale ndi pambuyo maluwa. Madzi a Bordeaux akhoza kutsitsidwa ndi mankhwala alionse amkuwa.

Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• "Topaz" ndi "Horus" - isanakwane maluwa;
• "Fitosporin", "Actofit", "Bicol", "Impact", "Topsin" - isanakwane komanso pambuyo pake.

Mphukira zambiri zimachotsedwa ndi kutenthedwa.

Mtengo wakukula m'nyumba kapena malo a nyumba ukhoza kukhudzidwa ndi chishango kapena kangaude. Mungathe kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi mankhwala osakanikirana: Sambani masamba ndi sopo, yambani pansi pa osamba patsiku, kuyesera kuti musanyowe nthaka mumphika. Mankhwalawa amachitika kamodzi pa sabata kwa mwezi.

Dzidziwitse nokha ndi zochitika za ntchito ndi phindu la piritsi ya thupi la mkazi.

Zimathandizira kuchokera ku tizirombozi ndi zina "Aktara": njira yomwe imatsitsidwa molingana ndi malangizo ndi sprayed kapena madzi pazu. Nthawi yayitali mpaka masabata asanu ndi awiri, kotero chithandizo chimodzi pamwezi miyezi iŵiri chikukwanira kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Pansi pa malo otseguka, tizilombo, mphutsi, kutsekemera, ndi ntchentche za Mediterranean, nthata zimatha kutenga mapiritsi.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi othandiza kwambiri popha tizilombo, komanso timayambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Mankhwala awa ndi otchuka:

• "Actofit";
• "Confidor-extra";
• "Akarin".

Kuchitidwa kumachitika musanayambe mphukira komanso pambuyo pa maluwa, chipatsocho chisanawonekere. Mankhwalawa amapangidwa ndi kutentha, koma osati kutentha, nyengo, popanda mphepo ndi mvula.

Kukula kwa persimmon kumafuna kuleza mtima ndi chidwi. Kugwirizana ndi malamulo onse a teknoloji yaulimi posachedwapa kudzabweretsa zotsatira zake: Ebony ili ndi maluwa okongola, ndipo pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa za kukoma ndi phindu la zipatso.

Ndemanga zochokera ku intaneti zokhudzana ndi ubwino wa persimmon