Maluwa osavomerezeka kuti azilimidwa ndi oyamba kumene komanso odziwa ntchito zamaluwa aluso amaphatikiza rudbeckia wautali. Maluwa ake ngati chamomile amatulutsa kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndikupitiliza kukongoletsa maluwa m'munda mpaka nyengo yozizira yoyamba.
Rudbeckia osatha
Amadziwika kwambiri ku Russian Federation chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kutchuka kumalumikizidwa ndi maluwa, nthawi yayitali komanso kusamalidwa mosavuta. Okonza malo amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito Marmelad kapena Yantar rudbeckia m'mapulo, ndipo okhalamo akukongoletsa mabaluni ndi mitengo ya Beka, popeza kukula kwake sikupitirira masentimita 30. Kusankha mitundu yayikulu kumakulolani kuti musankhe maluwa pazokometsera zilizonse, pangani dimba lamaluwa losasangalatsa, kongoletsani malo osayenera pamalopo pafupi ndi nyumba.
Momwe mungatulutsire
Chiyambi ndi mawonekedwe a rudbeckia
Duwa la Rudbeckia ndi membala wa banja la Asteraceae, lomwe limapereka mitundu 40. Mikhalidwe yachilengedwe pakukula kwake ndi gawo la kumpoto kwa America. Achikoloni, omwe adakumana ndi maluwa achilendo, adayamba kuwakula ngati zokongoletsera. Ndi thandizo lawo, adafalikira ku Europe.
Zofunika! Rudbeckia ndilo dzina lovomerezeka la duwa. Zosankha zopanda dzina zimaphatikizapo Suzanne wamaso akuda ndi chipewa cha dzuwa.
Kodi rudbeckia amawoneka bwanji
Zofunikira:
- tsinde lili chilili, lokutidwa ndi villi yaying'ono, ndikupanga utoto wonyezimira dzuwa.
- masamba - ozungulira, pang'ono pang'ono, cirrus ovuta kapena mawonekedwe onse. Pamwamba penti utoto wowala wobiriwira;
- inflorescence imafanana ndi dengu m'mimba mwake mpaka masentimita 20. Mbali yapakati ya duwa imakhala yotumbululuka, ya bulauni kapena yakuda;
- pamtundu wachikasu, lalanje, lofiirira, pinki, ofiira, amtoto wachikasu.
Tcherani khutu! Mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, mtundu wa duwa, kukula kwake, nthawi ya maluwa amatha kusiyanasiyana. Musanagule zinthu zofunikira kubzala, muyenera kudziwa zambiri za mtundu uliwonse wa rudbeckia, kukaniza kwake kutentha, kusowa kwamadzi, nyengo yozizira.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri yamazungu
Mwa alimi a maluwa, mitundu yotsatira ya maluwa ndiyotchuka kwambiri.
Rudbeckia Wotayika (Rudbeckia Laciniata)
Amakula mpaka 2 m, mizu yake yophukira, yopingasa. Mapepala apansi ndi cirrus-tata, ndipo kumtunda kuli magawo atatu. Pafupifupi 10 cm kudutsa inflorescence-basket, imakhala ndi mizere ingapo ya miyala yowala yachikasu yowoneka ngati mpira. Kutulutsa kwamaluwa kwa pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, nyengo imayamba mu Julayi. Pakati pake, pafupifupi tchire lonse limakutidwa ndi maluwa.
Rudbeckia occidentalis
Mahesiti opanga kukula kutalika kuchokera pa 1.2 mpaka 1.5 mita. Maluwa a Rudbeckia amafanana ndi onunkhira kapena osalankhula chil chamomile. Maonekedwe ake ndi ofanana ndi chulu kapena chopendekera chamtundu wakuda chokhala ndi mabatani amtundu wobiriwira. Nthawi yamaluwa - kuyambira pakati pa Juni mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala. Mitundu iwiri yamadzulo yakubalanso ku Russia: Green Wizard ndi Black Kukongola. Onsewa saopa nyengo yadzuwa.
Kukongola Kwakuda
Giant rudbeckia (Rudbeckia maxima)
Zosatha ndizosiyana:
- mthunzi wobiriwira wamtambo wakuda ndi kukhudza phula;
- maluwa amtundu wakunja wachikaso chowala;
- pamakhala pakati penipeni pautoto wakuda;
- mtanga wa inflorescence wooneka ngati wopingasa.
Kukula kwakukulu kwa chimphona chachikulu kwambiri ndi 1.2-1.5 m. Zosiyanasiyana sizigwirizana ndi chisanu ndi chilala, zimakonda kukula m'kuwala kwamphamvu kapena mumdzu wopanda kuwala. Kuyamba kwa maluwa kumachitika kumapeto kwa Julayi, kumapeto - sabata yoyamba ya September.
Glossy rudbeckia (Rudbeckia Nitida)
Imafika 250 cm, imasiyana m'maluwa akuluakulu. Mabasiketi amaluwa ndi ofiira, achikasu obiriwira, mtundu waukulu, wamtundu wagolide. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi denticles m'mbali, lanceolate ndi tint yobiriwira yakuda. Maluwa amayamba mu Julayi ndipo amatha mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembara.
Rudbeckia wokongola kapena wokongola (Rudbeckia Speciosa)
Mabasi osapitirira 60 cm, masamba osagwirizana m'mphepete, m'mbali mwake kapena ozungulira. Ma inflorescences m'mimba mwake samapitilira 10 cm, ali ndi:
- wamaluwa apakati okhala ndi utoto wakuda;
- lakunja - khungu la chikasu cha lalanje, kumapeto kwa miyendo ndi mano atatu.
Zofunika! Brudanti wofiirira komanso wofiirira sakhazikika posachedwa ndi chisanu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akule ku Siberia. Wotsirizirayo ali ndi mthunzi wofiirira, womwe umawusiyanitsa ndi maziko a abale omwe ali ndi utoto wachikaso.
Mitundu yotchuka ya Rudbeckia Hybrid (Rudbeckia Hybrida)
Zophatikiza zinalengedwa kuchokera ku mitundu ingapo ya rudbeckia. Makhalidwe:
- inflorescence yayikulu kudutsa 19 cm;
- brownish chapakati chapakati chosakanizidwa ndi violet;
- khungu lakunja la bulauni-chikasu mpaka 15 cm.
Zofunika! Zipatso za m'mundamu ndi zazing'ono kukula, mkati mwake muli kanjere kamene kali ndi masamba akuda. 1 g ili ndi zidutswa pafupifupi 1.8,000, kutsitsimuka kwawo kumakhalidwa zaka zitatu.
Gloriosa Daisy
Kukula kwa zitsamba zosakanizidwa sikupitirira masentimita 120. Dengu la inflorescence ndi 16 cm kudutsa, limasiyanitsa mizere 1-3 ya miyala yamitundu yambiri kapena yamtundu wachikasu. Pakati papakidwa utoto wakuda. Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi maluwa ambiri, zimatha kufesedwa mosavomerezeka.
Gloriosa Daisy
Pawiri
Mphukirayo imakhala ndi nthambi zambiri, masamba ake amakhala ndi malo owuma, kukula kwake ndi 1.2 m. Masamba ake ndi mabasiketi owumbidwa ndi mazira, masentimita 17. Daisy yachiwiri imanena za osatha, safuna chisamaliro chapadera. M'malo otentha, maluwa amatchukanso. Maluwa ndi achikasu.
Zofunika! Daisy wapawiri amalimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, ufa wa powdery ndi mbozi ndi adani akuluakulu.
Zosiyanasiyana za rudbeckia zapachaka
Mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyotchuka pachaka.
Haumm Rudbeckia (Rudbeckia Hirta)
Amatanthauzira mitundu wamba yokhala ndi mphukira zowuma komanso zolimba, zomwe zimawoneka zosasangalatsa chifukwa cha tsitsi lozungulira. Udzu wotalika masentimita 10 wokhala ndi matchero m'mphepete ndi utoto wonyezimira wonyezimira. Maluwa amakhala ndi chikaso chagolide, chamtambo, chofiyira komanso choyera, makulidwe wamba kuyambira 0,8 mpaka 1 mita. Amakhala amitundu iwiri, ku Russia amakula ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana pachaka. Kufalitsa kwa heti rudbeckia kumachitika ndi njere.
Wamaluwa aku Russia amakonda kubzala mitundu ya Indian chilimwe, chitumbuwa burande, cappuccino.
Rudbeckia bicolor (Rudbeckia Bicolor)
Wamaluwa amakhulupirira kuti izi ndizosavuta kukula kuposa terry (wowonda) rudbeckia. Ndi ya zokongoletsera zopangidwa chakale, samakula kuposa mamita 1. Maluwa okhala ndi pakati wakuda, mdera lamkati lalanje wakuda ndi bwalo lakunja.
Maluwa amakonda malo a dzuwa komwe amakula kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nyengo yakwanuko; Maluwa amapitilira mpaka m'dzinja. Ma inflorescence ali ndi utoto wokongola: kuchokera pachikasu kapena lalanje-chikasu ndikamasinthira kufiira. Gawo lapakati mwamthunzi wakuda.
Matoni awiri
Kuzindikira rudbeckia (Rudbeckia Amplexicaulis)
Kukula kwa chitsamba sikupita masentimita 80, masamba omwe ali ngati chowongolera, chopindika pang'ono, cholozera kumtunda, m'mbali mwa m'mbali mwa m'mphepete mwa mano ang'ono. Chotseka cha bulawuni chimakwezeka masentimita 0,3, matumba apamwamba a rudbeckia ndi achikaso.
Zopanda
Rudbeckia Triloba
Wamtali wa 0.6-1 m. Nthambi yake imayambira pansi, yokutidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba. Masamba ndi oblongid kapena ovoid mu mtundu wobiriwira wakuya ndi 12 cm. Dengu la mabasiketi ndi masentimita 3-4, maluwa amkati ndi akuda komanso ofiira, omwe ali kunja ndi a lalanje komanso achikaso, kutalika kwa 2 cm. Maluwa samasiyana pakadutsa nthawi.
Kukula kwakunja kwa maluwa a rudbeckia
Kubzala kopanda mbewu ndi koyenera chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha chabe, ku Siberia ndi kumpoto, mbande ziyenera kumera kaye. Ngati tchire zidamera mbuto zomwe zidabzalidwa pansi, ndiye kuti sizikutuluka pachilimwe choyamba.
Kubzala mbewu munthaka
Izi ndizoyenera kwa mitundu yonse kupatula mitundu ya terry. Kubala kumachitika pa June 14-20 m'mabedi okonzedwa kale:
- pakati pa mbeu pazikhala mtunda wa 15 cm;
- disembarkation imapangidwa mwakuya 1-2 cm;
- njere zimakutidwa ndi dothi losachepera lapansi;
- mabedi okwanira madzi, kutsata mwangozi ngozi yobzala.
Pofika kumapeto kwa Seputembala, masamba ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi masamba azithunzi azioneka pamalowo. Tchire wandiweyani timamera kuchokera nthawi yachilimwe ikudzayo, yomwe iyamba kuphuka kale kuposa yomwe idabzalidwa masika.
Kusankha malo pofesa
Zosiyanasiyana sizifunikira dothi lapadera, zimakula bwino pamadongo. Sakonda zokongoletsa ndi mphepo, malo omata. Olima dimba amalangiza kuwabzala m'malo abwino kwambiri ndi dothi labwino.
Mbande
Chimalimbikitsidwa kuzizira nyengo kapena kumapeto kwa masika. Kuchita kwawonetsa kuti kuphwanya malamulo a kubzala ndi chisamaliro kumatsogolera kukuwoneka ngati mphukira zofowoka zomwe zimafa kutentha kuzizira usiku ndi usana.
Kubzala mbewu za mbande
Amabzala m'mabokosi ang'onoang'ono amitundu iwiri. Nthaka zomwe zili mumtsuko ndizakaphimbidwa kale, masokedwe adakutidwa ndi dothi loonda. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi kanema, chimasamutsidwa kuchipinda ndi kutentha kwa 20-22 ° C. Mphukira zimayembekezera mu masabata 1-2.
Kukula mbande
Pamaso mphukira woyamba, kuthirira mbewu kumachitika monga momwe amafunikira, zitsulo zimathandizidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, ndikuchotsa condensate mufilimu. Pambuyo pakupanga masamba awiriawiri, tchire zimabzalidwa kuti zisasokoneze kukula kwazonse.
Zofunika! Kutsirira kumachitika kuchokera ku mfuti yothira, madzi amawateteza kale. Pofotokozera zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda oyamba ndi fungus, akatswiri amawona kuti kunyamula madzi moperewera ndiye gwero lalikulu.
Mbande kuuma
Kuwongolera kumayamba kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Mabokosi amachitika kwa maola 3-4 pa loggia kapena malo owoneka bwino.
Kubzala mbande panthaka
Ntchito yodula imayamba ndikutentha. Ngati usiku wagwa kwambiri, ndiye kuti mabedi amafunika kuphimbidwa ndi agrospan, apo ayi kukula kwachinyamata kumatha kufa. Kubzala kumachitika motalikirana ndi 0,3-0.4 mamita pakati pa tchire. Mutabzala mitundu yosatha, pansi imakutidwa ndi kompositi yokhala ndi masentimita 8.
Kusamalira Maluwa a Rudbeckia M'munda
Samalekerera kuthirira kwamadzi, kusinthasintha mosavuta ndi chilala. Ngati maluwa akukula pamalo a dzuwa, ndiye kuti kuwasamalira sikovuta.
Njira yothirira
Mabasi amathiriridwa m'mawa kapena madzulo, pafupipafupi kuthirira kumadalira nyengo. Pakatha kuthirira kulikonse padziko lapansi pamafunika kumasulidwa ndi udzu.
Momwe mungadyetsere rudbeckia wamaluwa apamwamba
Feteleza umalowetsedwa usanayambe maluwa, zokonda zimaperekedwa pazowonjezera zovuta za mchere zomwe zimakhala ndi potaziyamu. Kwa mitundu yosatha, kuvala pamwamba kumachitika mchaka, chimaphatikizapo zinthu izi:
- potaziyamu sulfate;
- Agricola-7;
- nitrophosco.
Kwa malita 10 amadzi, 1 tbsp imatengedwa. supuni ya chilichonse chophatikizira, chifukwa mamilimita ali onse a bedi pamafunika 3 l osakaniza. Ndondomeko mobwerezabwereza pambuyo 2-3 milungu. Kutulutsa maluwa kuchokera kumaloku kwa udzu wokulirapo kungathandize kukulitsa maluwa. Imathiridwa pakati pa chilimwe, pomwe rudbeckia limatulutsa mwachangu.
Zofunika! Masamba akale ayenera kuchotsedwa pomwe iwo awuma. Mitundu italiitali iyenera kumangirizidwa, izi zikuthandizira kupewa kuwonongeka kwawo mumphepo yamkuntho.
Kuswana kwa Rudbeckia
Mitundu ya pachaka nthawi zambiri imafalitsidwa ndi njere, zikhalidwe za rudbeckia zimagawidwa ndi rhizome.
Kufalitsa kwa Rudbeckia pogawa chitsamba
Momwe mungabzalire rudbeckia wamasamba: njirayi imagwira zaka zisanu zilizonse. Tchuthi zakale zimakumbidwa, kugawidwa m'magawo angapo. Mbewu zomwe zimayambitsidwa zimabzalidwa pansi ndikutsatira mtunda.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Zomera zobzala siziyenera kubzalidwe kwambiri chifukwa sizingakule. Muyenera kufesa ndikuya kuya kwa masentimita 1-2, kutsanulira pang'ono pansanja. Nthambi zoyamba zimawonekera patatha masiku 7-10 kuchokera tsiku lobzala.
Kutolera ndi kusungira mbewu za rudbeckia
Kucha komaliza kumachitika mu kugwa. Kukolola kumayamba pambuyo poti ziume bwino patchire. Mbewu zopambana kwambiri zimapezeka pakatikati pa maluwa, zimatulutsidwa m'madolovesi a mphira. Mukamaliza kutsata njirazi, nkhaniyo imamwazika paphephandaba, imayikidwa m'chipindacho ndi mpweya wabwino.
Kutalika ndikusamalira oyamba kwa zaka zambiri za rudbeckia ndikosavuta. Ndi malo oyenera, limaphukira bwino masiku asanagwe, ndipo mitundu ina imaphuka.
