Fittonia ndi chomera chofiyira cha ma herbaceous chokhala ndi mphukira zosinthika komanso mawonekedwe osiyanitsa ena m'mitsempha. Ndi a banja la Acanthus ndipo amakhala ku Peru ndi maiko ena aku South America. Ngakhale Fittonia imatha kutulutsa maluwa, mchikhalidwe chake chimakhala chamtengo chifukwa cha kukongola komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba pamasamba ofewa. Zomera zophatikiza ndizoyenera zipinda zazing'ono. Idzabisirabe dothi mumphika ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi ophatikizira nyumba. Chikhalidwe cha mlendo wotentha chimakhala chovuta, chifukwa kunyumba muyenera kutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo a chisamaliro, apo ayi chitsamba chobisalira sichingakule.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Fittonia ndi herbaceous osatha. Amakhala ndi mphukira zosinthika zomwe zimakwela pansi. Kutalika kwa mphukira sikupitirira masentimita 10. Mizu ya Fittonia ndiyopamwamba, yowoneka bwino. Mitengo yofewa ngati yolumikizika ndi nthaka, imathanso kuzika mizu mwachangu.
Masamba opondaponda a petiole amatha kumera mphukira pafupi. Amakhala ndi malekezero osalala komanso osalala. Kumbuyo kuli mulu wosowa kwambiri. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi 6-10 cm.Mizere yopyapyala yopyapyala imakhazikitsidwa m'mphepete mwa tsamba la masamba a azitona. Pamasamba achichepere, amapaka utoto wa siliva, wachikasu kapena wapinki, ndipo msinkhu umakhala wobiriwira.
M'nthawi ya masika kapena chilimwe, mzere wautali wopanda zovala umamera kuchokera m'machamba. Imanyamula masamba ang'onoang'ono osonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence yooneka ngati kanga. Maluwa amatembenukira kuchokera pansi mpaka pansi. Siziyimira phindu lokongola. Ma corollas achikasu ang'ono a fomu yoyenera amakhala pafupi ndi wina ndi mnzake ndikukhala mwamphamvu pa mphukira. Kuchokera pansi zibisika ndi chinsalu chachikulu chimodzi. Pakatikati pa duwa lomwe limakhala ndi bract silidutsa 1 cm.
Mitundu yamkati mwa Fittonia
Fittonia yamtunduwu ndi yaying'ono. Ili ndi mitundu 10 yokha yazomera. Mwa awa, ochepa okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maluwa amkati.
Fittonia Vershaffelt. Mtunduwu walandila kwambiri. Pamaziko ake, mitundu yosangalatsa yokongoletsera idapangidwa. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi timitengo ta nthambi tosinthika tofiirira. Masamba ozungulira kapena ovoid ndi akulu kukula. Kutalika kwawo ndi 5-10 masentimita, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 4-5 masentimita. Pansi pa pepalalo pepalalowu limazunguliridwa ndipo limatenga mawonekedwe ofooka osonyeza mtima. Pamaso pake pali tsamba la azitona kapena labiliu. Pa iye pali mitsempha yasiliva kapena ya carmine. Zosiyanasiyana:
- siliva fittonia - masamba ang'onoang'ono ophimbidwa ndi mauna oyera a imvi;
- Fittonia ofiira - maukowo m'mitsempha amapangika utoto wofiirira, wa pinki kapena wofiirira wokhala ndi malo ambiri okhala kapena, pambali pake, m'mphepete;
- josan - masamba okhala ndi m'mbali mwa wavy komanso malo opepuka amakutidwa ndi mauna a pinki ndikulowedwa ndi chingwe chobiriwira chakuda;
- White White - masamba obiriwira amdima okhala ndi malo opepuka amakutidwa ndi kope lopyapyala kwambiri.
Giant Fittonia (wamkulu). Maonekedwe okhawo okhala ndi nthambi zowongoka. Kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 60. Mapulogalamu ofiira ofiira amaphimbidwa ndi zopepuka. Masamba akulu ozungulira pa petioles afupikira amamera. Kukula kwa pepala la pepala ndi 10-16 cm m'litali ndi 4-10 cm mulifupi. Pamwamba pa pepalali ndi chonyezimira. Mtundu wofiyira wochepa umawoneka pa tsamba lobiriwira lakuda.
Njira zolerera
Duwa lamkati Fittonia limabereka bwino m'njira zamasamba. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yochitira zinthu ndi masika kapena chilimwe, pomwe masana masana amakhala okwanira.
Kuti mupeze chomera chatsopano pamadulidwewo, dulani pamwamba pa mphukira kutalika kwa 8 cm.yenera kukhala ndi masamba a 3-5 wathanzi. Mizu imachitika mumchenga wonyowa kapena m'madzi pa kutentha kwa + 26 ... + 28 ° C. Ndikofunikira kuphimba mbewuyo ndi thumba la pulasitiki. Kangapo pa sabata, kapu imachotsedwa ndikuchotseredwa pansi. Njirayi imatenga miyezi 1.5-2. Ndikubwera kwa mizu, zodulidwa zingabzalidwe mu nthaka ya anthu akuluakulu.
Chitsamba chophukira kwambiri chimayenera kugawidwa m'magawo angapo pakuthana. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani duwa mumphika ndikuwamasula bwino ku dothi lakunyumba. Ndikofunikira kupweteka pang'ono pazowonongeka. Ndi tsamba lakuthwa, mbewuyo imagawidwa m'magawo ndipo nthawi yomweyo idabzalidwa mosiyana.
Popeza njira za Fittonia zimayambira palokha pokhudzana ndi nthaka, kubereka mwa kuyikirana ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zachangu. Ndikokwanira kupyaponya dothi mumphika womwewo kapena mumphika wina ndikusintha pang'ono. Pamwamba pazikhala mfulu. Pokhapokha mizu itamera ndiye kuti udzuwo umadulidwa.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Fittonia ndi chomera chovuta chomwe chimafunikira chidwi kwa mphindi zochepa tsiku lililonse. Kupita patchuthi chotalikirapo ndikusiya maluwa osayang'aniridwa sikungathandize.
Kuwala Poto wa maluwa amaikidwa malo owala ndi nyali zowala. Itha kukhala zenera lakumawa kapena kumadzulo. Pazenera lakumwera, masanawa masana, masamba amakhala ndi masamba kotero kuti palibe amene amawotcha. M'nyengo yozizira kapena pazenera lakumpoto, gwiritsani ntchito zowunikira kumbuyo. Pokhala ndi kuwala kosakwanira, zimayambira ndikutalika pakati pazowonjezereka, kusiyana kwa mawonekedwe pamasamba kumachepera.
Kutentha Heat wokondana ndi kutentha ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti pakhale zotentha chaka chonse. Kutentha kwenikweni ndi + 22 ... + 25 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, imatha kuchepetsedwa pang'ono (mpaka 18 ° C). Ngati kwatentha kwambiri m'chilimwe, muyenera kupumira mchipindacho nthawi zambiri. Kukhazikitsa maluwa kunja sikulimbikitsidwa. Mu nyengo yathu, kuzizira kwausiku kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kwa iye. Zojambula ndizosavulaza mbewu.
Chinyezi. Fittonia amafunikira chinyezi chambiri. Imapakidwa tsiku ndi tsiku kapena kuyikidwa pafupi ndi dziwe, mapallet ndi mabowo ndi dongo lonyowa. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kakang'ono, ndikothekera kukula duwa mu aquarium kapena mu chubu chachikulu, momwe mawonekedwe ake a microclimate amasungidwa.
Kuthirira. M'nyengo yotentha, Fittonia imakonda kuthiridwa madzi ambiri. Nthaka iyenera kuti imangouma pamwamba. Komabe, kusayenda kwa madzi sikuyenera kuloledwa. Zowonjezera zonse mukatha kuthirira zichotsedwa mu poto. Pamatenthedwe ochepa, kuthilira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumacheperachepera kuti fungus lisamere.
Feteleza Mu Epulo-Okutobala, kawiri pamwezi, Fittonia amadyetsedwa ndi mchere wambiri. Bwino kugwiritsa ntchito theka la kutumikirani nthawi imodzi. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimaphatikizidwa m'madzi othirira ndikugwiritsira ntchito panthaka.
Kudulira. Pakapita nthawi, mphukira zimatha kukhala zazitali kwambiri komanso zopanda pansi. Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kutsina malangizowo ndikudula maluwa. Chapakatikati kuchita kudulira. Zimayambira zimafupikitsidwa ndi theka. Kutsitsa tsitsi kwambiri kumachepetsa kukula ndikuchepetsa kukongoletsa, motero ndikwabwino kuzichita pang'ono pang'ono.
Thirani Chomera chokhala ndi ma rhizome osafunikira chimayikidwa m'miphika yosalala komanso yotakata. Kusakaniza kwa fittonia kumawoneka kokongola kwambiri mumphika wamkati kapena wozungulira, komwe nyimbo zosangalatsa zimapangidwa ndi zomera zingapo zazing'ono, ngati kapeti wopangidwa ndi mmisiri waluso. Makina osanja amadzala pansi. Danga pakati pa mizu limadzazidwa ndi dothi losakanizika magawo ofanana:
- mchenga;
- dziko lodziyimira;
- pepala;
- peat.
Ndikofunika kuchitira zinthu zina chaka chilichonse. Fittonia amakula msanga, kotero patatha zaka 2-3 amadzimangidwanso.
Zovuta pakasamalidwe
Matenda ofala kwambiri a Fittonia ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus (muzu wowola, mphutsi za powdery, masamba mosaic). Zimachitika mukamagwiritsa ntchito gawo locheperako, kulumikizana ndi chomera china, komanso kuthirira kosayenera komanso kutentha pang'ono kwa m'chipinda.
Mwa tizirombo, nkhanambo, akangaude ndi mealybug ndizosiyanitsidwa. Tizilombo toyambitsa tizirombo timatola dzanja kapena kuthandizidwa ndi kachilombo ("Aktara", "Aktellik").
Ndi chisamaliro cholakwika, mawonekedwe a Fittonia amawonongeka kwambiri, koma zinthu zingathe kuwongoleredwa ngati makina azolimo atakonzedwa. Nazi nkhani zazikulu:
- masamba owuma ndi kupindika kuchokera m'mphepete - chinyezi chochepa;
- masamba owala a brownish - kusowa kwa feteleza;
- masamba amafota ndi kupindika - kuthirira ndikofunikira;
- kuwola zimayambira ndi petioles - kukhudzana ndi zojambula ndi kutentha pang'ono;
- pepala lamasamba limayamba kuchepera komanso kuzimiririka - kuwala kwambiri.
