Momwe mungakulirere mabulosi akutchire: Mbiri yachikhalidwe, ukadaulo waulimi, chitetezo pamatenda ndi tizilombo

Blackberry ndi wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa raspulosi wodziwika bwino, koma m'minda yathu siikhala wamba. Zaka zaposachedwa, mitundu yatsopano yobala zipatso zambiri yatulutsa, zomwe zadzetsa chidwi anthu ambiri m'maluwa mu mbewuyi. Kuti muthe kubzala bwino zipatso chaka chilichonse, muyenera kusankha mitundu yoyenera m'deralo ndikuwasamalira bwino.

Mbiri ya Kukula kwa Blackberry

Kuyambira kalekale, mabulosi akuda amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ngati chakudya. Tchire lakuthengo lokhala ndi zipatso zazing'ono zonunkhira zinali zochepa. Koma nthawi yomweyo, mabulosi akutchire adakhalabe chomera chambiri kwa nthawi yayitali.

Ndipo kokha mu 1833, wolemba waku America wakuweta William Kenrick adatulutsa nkhani yokhudza mabulosi akuda ku New American Gardener wotchuka. Anadabwa kuti zipatso zamtengo wapatali komanso zovomerezeka sizinapeze malo ndi olima. Posakhalitsa, mitundu yoyamba yobzala mabulosi abulosi okhala ndi zipatso zotsekemera idawonekera ku North America, ndipo pofika mu 1919 mahekitala 21,000 adagawidwa m'minda ya mabulosi. Mpaka pano, mabulosi amajiki ku United States ali m'malo ambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito zipatso pogulitsa zatsopano komanso pakugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale.

Mitundu ya mabulosi akutchire imasiyana mitundu ya makolo kuthengo zipatso zokulirapo ndi zotsekemera.

Ku Russia, ntchito yolima masimba idayamba m'zaka zapitazi. Woyamba kuzindikira lonjezo la kulima mabulosi akutchire I.V. Michurin. Adatenga mitundu iwiri yaku America - Logano ndi Lucretia - ndipo potengera iwo adapanga mitundu yatsopano ya mabulosi akuda yomwe imagwirizana kwambiri ndi zochitika zakomweko. Zotsatira za ntchito zowawa zowawa mu 1904-1908, mitundu yoyamba yaku Russia idawonekera:

• Texas
• Kofiyira;
• Kummawa
• Zochulukirapo;
• Enorm;
• Kusintha Lucretia;
• Urania.

Pakadali pano pali mitundu pafupifupi 300 ya mabulosi obiriwira, omwe amapezeka kwambiri ku America ndi Western Europe. Ku CIS, pafupifupi mitundu iwiri yonseyi mwakula yomwe ili yoyenera kwambiri nyengo yachisanu. Koma pakadali pano zinthu zitatu zokha ndi zomwe zidaphatikizidwa mu State Record of Achievements of Domestic Kuswana.

Gome: Mitundu ya mabulosi akutchire mu State Record of Kukula Zinthu

Magawo akulu aukadaulo waulimi

Chisamaliro cha mabulosi akutchire chimaphatikizapo kuthirira nthawi zonse, feteleza, kudulira m'nthawi yake tchire, komanso kutetezedwa kumatenda ndi tizirombo. Minda yambiri yambiri imafunikira pogona nyengo yachisanu.

Kubzala mabulosi akutchire

Mbande zakuda mabulosi m'matimu zingathe kusamutsidwa kumalo kwina nthawi iliyonse. Zomera zokhala ndi mizu yotseguka zimavutika kwambiri chifukwa chotentha kwambiri komanso kusowa chinyezi. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuwabzala m'dzinja kapena koyambirira kwamasika.

Ndikakulima moyenera, mabulosi akutchire amayamba kubala zipatso zochuluka mchaka chachiwiri mutabzala

Kusankha malo a mabulosi

Mukamasankha malo oti mubzale, ndikofunikira kuganizira za mbewuyo:

• Mtundu wakuda ndi mnansi wankhonya; tchire lake limamera mwachangu. Muyenera kubzala mbewu pamtunda wamtunda wa 1-2 mita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, kuti ikhale yotheka kukolola. Ndikofunika makamaka kutchera theka la mita kuchokera kumbali ya mpanda.
  

  Mabulosi akutchire amapereka ana ambiri, kotero muyenera kusiya zokongoletsa kuzungulira tchire
• Zomera ndizithunzi, koma zibala zipatso pang'ono. Komabe, kusakhalitsa kwa dzuwa kungapangitse kuchepa kwa zokolola. Mphukira zatsopano zimatalika ndikukhwima, ndipo izi nthawi zonse zimachepetsa kukana kwa mbewuyo chisanu.
• Chikhalidwe sichimalekerera dothi lonyowa, chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kusiyanitsa malo otsika, pomwe chipale chofewa kapena mafinya amakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali mvula itatha. Madzi okula m'gawo lotere ayenera kukhala osachepera mita imodzi.
• M'nyengo yozizira, mabulosi akuda amatha kuwonongeka ndi chisanu. Kuti musunge tchire, sankhani malo omwe amatetezedwa bwino ndi mphepo ndikuwunikidwa ndi dzuwa.
  

  M'malo okhala ndi dzuwa bwino, mabulosi akutchire amawombera bwino ndipo samawonongeka ndi chisanu.

• Dothi la Carbonate pomwe mmera udzavutikira chifukwa cha kusowa kwa magnesium ndi chitsulo uyenera kupewedwa.
• Milandu ndi nyemba zimatha kukhala zotsogola bwino kwa mabulosi amajiki.

Kukonzekeretsa dothi kuti mubzale

Tsamba lofikira limakonzedwa bwino kwambiri pasadakhale. Kuzama kwa dzenjelo kuyenera kukhala masentimita 35-45, kuti mizu ikhale bwino. Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi asanabzalidwe mu maenje okonzeka kupanga:

• chidebe cha humus kapena kompositi;
• kapu ya phulusa;
• 100-130 g ya superphosphate;
• 60 g wa potaziyamu sulphate.

Zosakaniza zonse izi zimasakanizika ndi dothi lapamwamba lachonde kuti dzenjelo limadzaza ndi theka. Ndi mulingo wambiri wa nthaka, laimu iyenera kuwonjezeredwa.

Kanema: momwe mungabzalire mabulosi akutchire

Zomera zopatsa thanzi

Monga mbewu zina za mabulosi, mabulosi abulosi zipatso zabwino amafunika:

• zinthu zazikulu ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu;
• kufufuza zinthu - selenium, magnesium, boron, calcium, mkuwa ndi nthaka.

Chapakatikati, alimi a mabulosi amafunikira mavalidwe apamwamba a nayitrogeni. Nthawi zambiri, ammonium nitrate kapena urea amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga izi, pomwe feteleza amamwazidwa chimodzimodzi patchire. Fosphoric ndi potashi feteleza bwino anagwiritsa ntchito mu kugwa. Zina mwazomera zimatengedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zoyambira ndi mulch (humus, peat, kompositi).

Zimbale: Zomera za Blackberry

Alimi ambiri odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa amadyera mitengo yokha zinyalala yomwe imayamba kuthengo. Iwo amaphwanyidwa ndikumwazikana kuzungulira tsinde.

Kanema: momwe mungadyetse mabulosi akutchire

Kudulira mabulosi akutchire

Chodabwitsa cha mabulosi akutchire ndikuti zipatso zake zimamangidwa pazakukula kwa chaka chatha. Kuti mukhale ndi zipatso zochulukirapo kwa nthawi yayitali, muyenera kusamalira mabulosi nthawi zonse. Kudulira mabulosi akutchire kumachitika bwino kwambiri kawiri pachaka. Mukugwa, kudulira kwakukulu kumachitika, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mphukira zachisanu zimachotsedwa. Ubwino waukulu wodulira nthawi yophukira ndi:

• malo owotchera nkosavuta kusamalira nyengo yozizira;
• kudulira achinyamata nthambi kumalimbikitsa zipatso mu nyengo yotsatira;
• kuchotsa kuchotsera mphukira kumathandizira chitsamba;
• kukana chisanu kumawonjezeka.

Tekinoloje yokulitsa mbewuyi ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi njira ya ulimi wa rasipiberi:

1. Mukugwa, nthambi za chisanu zimadulira pansi.
   

   Nthambi za Blackberry zomwe zawonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa mu kugwa.

2. Tchire 3-4 za mphukira zolimba nthawi zambiri zimasiyidwa pamtchire, zina zimachotsedwa.
3. M'pofunikanso kuchotsa nsonga zofowoka ndi zowonongeka pa mphukira zazing'ono.

Ngati mukukonza mabulosi akutchire, ndiye kuti mutha kutchetcha makapu onse kwa nthawi yozizira, monga ma raspulosi okonza, koma pali mwayi kuti mbewuyo sikhala ndi nthawi yoti ipse chaka chamawa. Mukamagula mbande ku nazale, onetsetsani kuti mwawafunsa za njira yoyenera yopukutira mitundu.

Kanema: Masamba mabulosi akutchire

Chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizirombo

Mabulosi akutchire adangotchulidwa kumene "m'minda yathu", ndipo palibe njira yotsimikiziridwira yoteteza mbewuyi. Ma rasipiberi ndi mabulosi akuda ali ndi tizirombo tina tambiri, motero wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zakhala zikuyesedwa kwa nthawi yayitali paminda yazipatso.

Chapakatikati, kuteteza mabulosi akuda ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, zochitika zosiyanasiyana zimachitika:

• Kuyambira anthracnose, Chistoflor ndi Agrolekar kukonzekera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Kuchokera paola imvi kumathandiza Tsineb, Euparen.
• Kuyambira kachilomboka rasipiberi ndi tsinde ntchentche, tchire mabulosi akutchire amazichitira ndi Fitoverm, Aktellik kapena Akarin.
• Fitoverm yemweyo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuteteza kakhola ku nthangala za akangaude.

Zithunzi: kukonzekera chitetezo

Omwe amatsatira njira zachilengedwe zotetezera amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba.

Gome: kupanga kulowetsedwa kwa zitsamba

Izi zimachitika kuti kumapeto kwa masika nthambi za mabulosi akuda zinawongoka ndipo zimaweruka nsonga za achinyamata mphukira zimawonekera. Izi ndi chizindikiro cha kugundana kwa rasipiberi ndulu ya midge - kachilombo kowopsa komwe kamatha kuwononga malo onse.

Ripiberi ndulu ya midge imawononga kuopseza kudera lonse lak mabulosi akutchire

Ngati matendawa adapezeka kale, muyenera kuchita izi:

1. Amakhudzidwa zimayambira mopanda tanthauzo kudula ndi kutentha.
2. Kuti tizirombo tatsopano tisakhazikike pamtondo wathanzi, kukumba pansi ndikuwaza ndi yankho la Fufanon (20 ml pa ndowa).
3. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kukonza nthambi zonse (200-300 ml ya yankho pa chomera chilichonse).
   

   Ngati mabulosi akutchire amakhudzidwa ndi nthangala za rasipiberi, maulalo athanzi ndi dothi lomwe ali pansi pawo ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi Fufanon

Kukonzekera yozizira

Kukonzekera bwino nyengo yachisanu kwa mabulosi akutchire kumadalira nthawi yobzala, komanso kukonzekera kwa mabulosi chifukwa cha dzinja. Mabasi obzalidwa masika nthawi zambiri amatha kupulumuka nyengo yachisanu.

Mitundu ya dimba la Blackberry kuti malize kumaliza nyengo yakula ikufunika osachepera masiku 130 ndikutentha kwa mpweya osachepera + 20 madigiri.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti mupulumuke. Komabe, nkhawa yayikulu ya wokonda mabulosi akutchire ndi kugwa kwa malo odalirika. Amapangidwa motere:

1. Monga chotenthetsera ntchito nsipu, udzu kapena masamba a chimanga.
2. Choyambira chimakutidwa pamwamba ndi filimu yowoneka ngati pulasitiki kapena spanbond.
   

   Tchire la Blackberry lomwe limachotsedwa pamathandizo limasungidwa ndi zatsalira zomera ndikuphimbidwa ndi spanbond kuchokera pamwamba

3. Pambuyo pakuwoneka chipale chofewa, ndikofunikira kuti muwaphimbe ndi mzere wakuda.

Ngati pakufunika kukhazikitsa mitundu yoyala ya mabulosi akutchire, ndikosatheka kuwapinda nthawi yomweyo. Poterepa, muyenera kukonzekera njirayi pamwezi. Mu Seputembala, katundu wochepa amakhazikitsidwa kuti aziwombera chilichonse, chomwe pang'onopang'ono chimakhomera nthambi pansi.

Kanema: Kukonzekeretsa mabulosi akutchire

Kuswana kwa mabulosi akutchire

Monga rasipiberi, mabulosi akuda amatha kufalikira m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• ndi mbewu;
• magawo;
• mbadwa;
• odulidwa obiriwira ndi olemekezeka;
• kugawa chitsamba.

Kubzala mbewu

Pakabzala mbewu, mphamvu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya amayi, monga lamulo, sizisungidwa. Komabe, mbande ndizolimba kuposa mawonekedwe oyambirirawo. Kuti mumvetsetse zabwino zam'mera zazing'ono, muyenera kudikira nthawi yayitali. Pakatha zaka zitatu mpaka zinayi, mabulosi akutchire obadwa kuchokera ku mbande amatha kupereka zipatso zoyambirira.

Ngati mukufuna kupereka mbande zazing'ono kwa anzanu, musathamangire! Onetsetsani kuti mukuyembekezera zokolola zoyambirira ndikuonetsetsa kuti zili bwino.

Mbande za mabulosi akutchire zimakula m'magawo angapo:

1. Choyamba, muyenera kufafaniza kapena kuwononga mbewu. Izi ndizofunikira kuti zimere bwino.
   

   Kuti zimere bwino, mbewu zakuda zimayikidwa mumchenga wonyowa ndikusungidwa kutentha kwa +1 mpaka +4 ° С

2. Kenako mbewuzo zimayikidwa m'madzi amvula masiku atatu.
3. Masamba achichepere 3-5 atawonekera, mbande zimabzalidwa m'nthaka yabwino.
4. Pakumapeto kwa nyengo muyenera kuphimba zakudyazi ndi udzu, masamba, komanso chovala chapadera.
   

   Mbande za BlackBerry zitha kuphimbidwa nthawi yachisanu ndi masamba, zida zapadera zopanda nsalu ndi nthambi za spruce

Scaration ndikuphwanya tsamba la zipolopolo. Stratization - kusungidwa kwa mchenga mumchenga wonyowa kwa miyezi 1-2 kutentha kwa madigiri a 1-4.

Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mbewu zazing'ono zimalandira msanga zofunikira kuti zikule:

• mtunda pakati pa mbande uzikhala kuchokera 10 mpaka 20 cm;
• maudzu onse ayenera kuchotsedwa;
• nthaka yozungulira mbande imasulidwa nthawi zonse;
• kupereka kuthirira wambiri koma ochepa.

Ndi isanayambike masika, mbande zachikulire zimakumbidwa ndikuziika kumalo okhazikika.

Kufalitsa kwamasamba

Njira zofala kwambiri za kubereketsa mabulosi akuda ndi izi:

• kulandira zinthu zobzala kuchokera ku zigawo (apical ndi ofananira nawo);
• kubalana ndi muzu.
  

  Kuchokera ku nthambi imodzi ya muzu mutha kupeza tchire la mabulosi akutchire angapo

Mitundu ina yonse yazomera zachilengedwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.

Vidiyo: Kufalitsa mabulosi akutchire ndi mizu

Zomwe zimachitika mu zigawo

Mutha kuwunikira zomwe zikuchitika mu dera lililonse, zomwe ziyenera kukumbukiridwa pakukulidwa zipatso. Koma munthawi zanyengo zomwezo, pamakhala zosiyana malo (mwachitsanzo, malowa amakhala paphiri, pafupi ndi mtsinje kapena kumtunda). Zina, monga kugwedezeka, magawo omangira, mphepo zomwe zikupezeka, ndi zina zambiri, zimakhudzanso kukula kwa mbewu.

Chikhalidwe cha Blackberry ku Belarus

Ku Belarus, mitundu iwiri yakukula ya mabulosi akuda ikukula - imvi-imvi (kuwotcha) ndi cumanica - komanso mbewu zina zambiri. Nthawi yamaluwa kuyambira pano kumapeto kwa Juni mpaka theka lachiwiri la Julayi, ndipo kucha kwa zipatso sikuyambira mpaka Ogasiti. Kuti zipatso za mabulosi akutchire mitundu yoyambirira zipse, muyenera osachepera mwezi ndi theka, chifukwa mitundu ina yapitayo - zoposa miyezi iwiri. Zomera zimabereka bwino kum'mwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo kwa chiwembu, chomwe dzuwa limawunikira kwambiri masana.

Garden mabulosi akutchire amatulutsa kwambiri komanso kwa nthawi yayitali - pafupifupi mpaka kumapeto kwa Julayi

Choyipa chachikulu kwa mabulosi akuda m'derali ndi nkhusu ya mabulosi akutchire, ndipo nthenda yotchuka kwambiri ndiyakukula tchire.

Zimbale: tizirombo ndi matenda a mabulosi akuda a Belarusi

Kulima mabulosi akutchire ku Ukraine

Mabulosi amajiki ku Ukraine mwakula ambiri. Wamaluwa wamba angathe kusankha mochedwa mitundu yomwe ikupsa kwambiri masiku otsiriza a chilimwe. Kututa zipatso m'derali kumakololedwa mwezi wonse wa September. Kufalitsa pano pali mitundu yopitilira 200 ya mabulosi akuda.

Ubwino wachikhalidweyo ndi kukana kutentha, komwe ndikofunikira makamaka kumwera kwa Ukraine. Komabe, wamaluwa amderali amawona kuti hardiness yozizira yozizira ndiyomwe ikubwezera kwambiri kwa mabulosi akuda. Nyengo ya ku Ukraine imadziwika ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa nyengo yozizira zaka zina. Koma ngakhale matalala sakulimba, mphepo yozizira yoopsa ndiyowopsa. Zikatero, manyowa a mabulosi akuda amauma nthawi zambiri, motero chikhalidwecho chimafunikira malo ogona.

Blackberry mu matanda

Wamaluwa ku Moscow Region akuyesa mitundu ya mabulosi akutchire ndi chidwi chachikulu. Mitundu yamtundu wa Blackberry Agawam imakhala ndi chikondi chapadera, chomwe chimakhala chopanda mavuto ngakhale kumpoto kwa dera la Moscow.

Mitundu ya Blackberry Agawam yadziyambitsa yokha kukhala yodalirika komanso yolimbana ndi kuzizira.

Pakapanda kuzizira kwambiri, mabulosi akutchire amatha kuzizira bwino popanda pogona. Komabe, poganizira nyengo yomwe ili kudera la Moscow, munthu sayenera kudalira kwambiri nyengo yozizira. Mitundu yatsopano ya Thorn Free, Black Satin yozizira yodalirika iyenera kuphimbidwa.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zofunikira kulimidwa kwa mabulosi akuda m'minda yachigawo cha Moscow ndikuyikamo magawo owoneka bwino komanso opanda mphepo m'mundawo.

Kodi kukula buluku ku Siberia

Mabulosi akutchire ndi mabulosi akum'mwera, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chilimwe cha Siberia mwachidule. Kuphatikiza apo, ku Siberia, chikhalidwe chikuvutika ndi nthawi yozizira. Mukamasankha kakhola kuti kamene kamalimidwa ku Siberia, chidwi chachikulu imalipira pakulimbana ndi chisanu. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera kwambiri m'chigawo:

• Eldorado
• Snyder
• Erie.
  

  Mitundu ya Blackberry Erie imadziwika ndi zokolola zambiri ndipo imalekerera nyengo ya chisanu kwambiri.

Kutentha kochepa kwambiri komwe mabulosi akutchire amatha kupirira popanda pogona ndi -22 ° C.

Kubzala Blackberry mu Urals

Ndikothekanso kupeza chiwerengero chambiri cha mabulosi akuda ku Urals ngati mungasankhe mitundu yoyenera. Chomera chachikulu cha mabulosi akutchire ku Urals chimapangidwa ndi mitundu iyi:

• Polar
• Ruben;
  

  Ruben yamitundu mitundu Ruben amadziwika chifukwa chokana chisanu, koma samaloleza kutentha.

• Satin Wakuda.

Mitundu ya Ruben, yomwe idapangidwa zaka 6 zapitazo, ndiyofunika kusamalidwa mwapadera. Chitsamba chokhala ndi nthambi zosinthika, popanda minga lakuthwa, chimabala zipatso nyengo isanayambe. Koma mwayi waukulu ndikuti mdziko la Ural limatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri.

Ndemanga zamaluwa

Inde, nkhani yofunika kwambiri ya kulima mabulosi akutchire ndi nyengo yachisanu. Timakulitsa mitundu yatsopano ya Ruben; Simalimbana ndi chisanu, koma ingawonongeke kwambiri ndi chilala! Zipatso zimangosiya kumangidwa. Tiyenera kuphimba tchire ndi ukonde. Ngati dera lanu limaphika nthawi zambiri, mutha kupeza mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, pali yodalirika - Matsenga Osowa.

Marina Kuzanova

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Ndizovuta kunena za okonda, pali ambiri a iwo, otsogolera wamkulu ndiye adzukulu. Ndimakonda kulawa: Doyle, Natchez, Owachita, Loch Ness, Chester, Asterina ndi ena. Koma ndizovuta kwambiri kukokana ndi chisanu, palibenso mitundu yabwino kwambiri, kotero kuti siimachita zinthu mwachangu komanso yayikulu komanso kuti zipatso zathu zitha kupirira zipatso zonse nthawi yotentha. Koma okonda ambiri amalima bwino mabulosi akutchire onse m'chigawo cha Vladimir komanso madera onse a Chigawo cha Moscow, mitundu yokha ndiyofunika kusankhidwa m'chigawo chilichonse. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi kukana kwambiri chisanu, monga Polar yomwe ikukula molunjika, chisanu chomwe sichinena chikufika mpaka 30, koyambirira, Chester nayenso wafika mpaka -30 koma mochedwa.

Sergey1

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Sindingagawe malingaliro anga okhudza kukoma kwa mabulosi akuda, chifukwa tchire tangobzala kumene, koma ogwiritsa ntchito maforamu ochokera ku Samara, Volgograd, Belarus ndi Canada, omwe ali ndi masamba akuluakulu a zipatso zamtundu wakuda (Thornfrey, Evegrin, Doyle, Sylvan, ndi zina zina) n.), lankhulani bwino kwambiri za kukoma ndi zipatso za mbewu iyi. Ndiyeno, zochulukirapo, zabwinoko, sichoncho?

Alpina

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Mitundu yamakono ya mabulosi akuda imadziwika ndi zokolola zambiri komanso kukoma zipatso zabwino kwambiri. Pofuna kuti musakhumudwitsidwe, sankhani mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili ndi nyengo yanu. Mabulosi akutchire amafunikira chisamaliro chokhazikika, koma mwakugwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo waulimi, amabala zipatso bwino ndipo samakhudzidwa ndi matenda.