Kulima kunja kwa nandolo

Nandolo ndi mtengo wa udzu. Amangolimbikitsa chiwembucho maluwa, komanso amapereka chokoma, chopatsa thanzi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukula nandolo zabwino zokha, wokondedwa ndi ana komanso oyenera kuphika ntchito zosiyanasiyana zapamwamba.

Nthawi yodzala nandolo, kutengera dera malinga ndi kalendala yoyendera mwezi mu 2019

Masiku abwino komanso osakondera kubzala nandizi amatha kuwerengera malinga ndi kalendala yoyendera mwezi.

Kukonzekeretsa kubzala

Asanabzala nandolo, amalimbikitsidwa kuti azilowetsa m'madzi kwa tsiku limodzi, mpaka atayamba kumera.

Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito kufesa kuchokera pa kufesa komaliza, ndiye kuti, yanu, ndiye muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi ati omwe akukhudzidwa ndi matendawa. Izi zitha kumveka pobatiza iwo mu mchere wamchere (30 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre). Sungani mbewu kumeneko osaposa mphindi 10. Nthawi ikamayenda, nandolo zina zimira, ndipo ochepa adzakhala pansi. Zomwe sizinathe, makamaka kuti zikhale odwala, ziyenera kusankhidwa ndikuchotsedwa. Mitsuko yotsalira bwino, kenako ikani madzi mpaka kumera.

Izi zikuchitika motere. Madzi azikhala okwanira masentimita 1 kuposa nandolo. Munthawi imeneyi, ayenera kumasiyidwa kwa maola osachepera 12, atatupa. Pakapita nthawi, amafunika kuchotsedwa, kutsukidwa m'madzi oyera. Kenako wokutani ndi gauze ndi malo m'matumba apulasitiki, izi zimapangitsa kuti iwo azikhala ndi mwayi wowonjezera kutentha ndikuwathandiza kuti zimere. Mwanjira iyi, azitha kugona pamtunda wotsika kuposa kutentha kwa chipinda pafupifupi masiku awiri. Kuti musinthe bwino, muyenera kuwachotsa mu mafuta awiri pa tsiku, muzitsuka pansi pa madzi oyera. Izi zimachitika pofuna kupewa mapangidwe a nthumbu ndikuvunda pa nandolo.

Ngati mukufuna kuchedwetsa nthawi yobzala, mwina chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa kapena zina, mbewuzo zitha kusungidwa. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi mufiriji, koma osapitilira milungu ingapo. Komabe, iwo sangasiye kumera.

Kuthira mankhwala obzala musana kufesa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiziwayika mu pinki yankho la manganese osaposa kotala la ola limodzi.

Malo abwino kwambiri a nandolo m'munda

Mukamasankha pogona pa bedi la peyala, ndibwino kungoyang'ana ngati kuunikira chiwembu, mbewu zapafupi, masamba, mtundu wa dothi umagwira bwino ntchito, wopepuka amayenera.

Chofunikira kwambiri ndi nyengo ya nyengo m'deralo momwe nandolo zidzakhalire. Imakonda nyengo yanyontho ndi mvula yambiri.

Malo oyandikana nawo abwino kwambiri

Zomera zoyandikana nazo zimachita mbali yayikulu pakukula kwa nandolo. Kaloti, maungu, nkhaka ndi phwetekere ndizoyenera kwambiri gawo la oyandikana nawo.

Sizoletsedwa kukula mbatata ndi beets pafupi.

Kukonzekera dothi lodzala nandolo

Kukonzekera dothi ndikofunikira. Afunika kuyamba kuphunzitsa kumapeto. Ndikofunikira kukumba malo omwe anakonzedweratu pafupifupi pa bayonet ya fosholo, kusakaniza dothi ndi feteleza, mu mawonekedwe a humus (6 kg), superphosphate (40 g) ndi potaziyamu mchere (20 g) pa 1 mita². Musanafese, ndikofunikira kuti mudzazidwe ndi phulusa. Sichikhala cholakwika kumeza nthaka nthawi zonse, zomwe zimakhudza bwino kulimidwa kwa mbewu ndi masamba onse pamalowo.

Thirirani bedi kwambiri musanabzala nandolo.

Malangizo pobzala nandolo poyera

Kuti mbewu zikule bwino pamtengowo, muyenera kuyang'ana mtunda pakati pa tchire, chifukwa muyenera kubzala mbewu motalikirana masentimita 30-60. Kuzama kwa kubzala mbewu kumadalira mtundu wa dothi. Ndi dothi lowala, sayenera kupitirira 3 cm ngati, m'malo mwake, ndi dothi lolemera la dongo, kuya kuya kuyenera kukhala 4-5 cm.

Pamaso kubzala pachokha, ndikofunikira kukonzekera njere. Kuti muchite izi, zilowerereni, tumphukirani. Komabe, ndizotheka kubzala mbewu zouma.

Pabedi lokonzedwa kuyambira nthawi yophukira, muyenera kupanga miyala. Thirani humus pang'ono mwa iwo, kompositi ndioyeneranso. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala nandolo patepi yoyendera pakati pa nandolo. Ngakhale ndikothekera pamtunda, komanso kuyang'ana mtunda. Ndiye kuwaza ndi dothi, kupukuta pang'ono.

Chotsatira, muyenera kupanga malo obiriwira pamabedi, chifukwa amafunika kuphimbidwa ndi china chake, mwachitsanzo, agril.

Kusamalira pena panja

Monga mbewu ndi masamba onse, zimafunikira chisamaliro pakukula. Komabe, mndandanda wa njira zoyenera sizambiri, ndipo ngakhale woyamba pa nkhani yaulimi azichita nawo bwino.

Pea amalimbana ndi kuzizira, si vuto kwa iye. Zomwe sizinganenedwe za kutentha, zimakhudza mphukira zoipa, ndikuzipha.

Mu nyengo yotentha, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuthilira ndi kumasula dothi nthawi yomweyo, udzu. Kukhazikitsa kwa madzi akumbuyo kofunikira. Ganizirani njira zonsezi mwatsatanetsatane.

Kuthirira ndi kulimira

Nandolo zimakonda chinyezi kwambiri, motero ndikofunikira kuthilira pafupipafupi komanso kambiri kuti mupewe mavuto.

Pakakhala kuchuluka kwamadzi m'nthaka, nandolo sizimera bwino.

Kutsirira kumagawika m'magawo awiri, musanayambe maluwa ndi pambuyo.

• Maluwa asanafike, kuthirira sikuchitika mopitilira nthawi 1 pa sabata, nyengo yotentha, imawonjezeredwa ku 2 pa sabata.
• Maluwa atawonekera, kuthilira maulendo awiri. Ndimachepera kawiri pa sabata, komanso nyengo yozizira 4 pa sabata. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chofunikira kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chidebe chamadzi pa 1 m / sq.

Njira yothirira imakhalanso ndi zovuta zake. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti musatenge madzi pamasamba, muyenera kutsanulira mwachindunji pakati pa mabedi.

Mukangothirira, mabedi amamasulidwa, udzu, kuti chinyezi chitha kulowa pansi kwambiri. Ikayamba kutuluka, pakatha masiku pafupifupi 10, nthaka imamasula bwino, ndikuidzaza ndi mpweya.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Kuti nandolo ikule pamlingo wawo wokwanira, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti nyengo yabwino kwambiri pakukula kwake, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kavalidwe kapamwamba. Poganizira nyengo yomwe ili ku Russia, njira yachiwiri yothetsera vutoli ndiyoyenera kwa alimi.

• Mukugwa, pa nthawi yoyambira kukonzekera nthaka kuti mubzale, ndikofunikira kupanga feteleza woyamba. Amapangidwa ngati ndowa 0,5 zidebe za chinthu chovunda pamphindi imodzi.
• Nthawi yotsatira idzakhala mwachindunji panthawi yomwe ikamatera. Awa ndi superphosphate, mchere wa potaziyamu ndi nitrate. Kufunika kwa nthaka kwalongosoledwa pamwambapa.
• Gawo lotsatira la kuthira manyowa m'nthaka limachitika nthawi yankhokwe. Zimapangidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa nettle (zobiriwira) komanso dandelions.
• Nthawi yotsiriza yomwe umuna umagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka ndi nthawi ya maluwa. Zimapangidwa nthawi zonse ndi kuthirira. Pachifukwa ichi, supuni ya nitrophoska imawonjezeredwa mumtsuko wamadzi. Nthawi yomweyo, madzi pa 1 m² munthawi imeneyi ndi malita 5.
  Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni tikulimbikitsidwa pokhapokha
  nthaka yomwe nandolo zibzalidwa sizikhala zachonde, kapena masika amazizira mokwanira.

Kuyang'anira tizilombo ndi tizilombo

Nandolo zimatengedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, maonekedwe a tizirombo. Mdani wamkulu ndi njenjete. Gulugufe, nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi nthawi ya maluwa. Chovuta chagona pakuyala mazira pachomera, pomwe mbozi zimayamba kuwonekera. Ndiye mbozi zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu, kulowa mkati mwamiyala, ndikudya mbewu.

Gulugufe wina wotere amatha kuikira mazira 250, zomwe ndi zowopsa pachitsamba chimodzi. Monga njira yoteteza, kufesa koyambirira kumalimbikitsidwa. Ndikukhulupirira kuti maluwa amayamba tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisanayambe, motero kupulumutsa mbewu kuimfa. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuti kumasula dothi mozungulira, kupha tizirombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuphatikiza apo, kupukutidwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni ndi fodya ndikotheka.

Vuto lalikulu lotsatira ndi kachilomboka waku Bruhus. Monga momwe gulugufe amadyera nandolo, kumata thupi. Chisamaliro makamaka chikuyenera kulipidwa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti mbewu zowonongeka ndi tizilombo sizilowa mu chakudya cha wina aliyense. Popeza chimbudzi cha matendawa chili ndi zinthu zambiri zowopsa zomwe zingakhale ndi vuto lalikulu pa thupi la munthu kapena chinyama.

Ndikofunika kulabadira kuti mphutsi zimatha kudikirira nthawi yozizira mu njere. Kuti mudziteteze ku izi, muyenera kusunga nandolo mu kutentha pang'ono kwa zero, kenako ndikuzipatsira mu 3% mchere solution. Mbewu zowonongeka zitha kuwoneka nthawi yomweyo, zidzayandama pamwamba.

Vuto lina ndi nodule weevil. Zimayipa kwambiri pachikhalidwecho, momwe zimakhazikitsira masentimita osachepera. Imadyera makamaka pamutu pamalirowo, ikayala mphutsi. Zomwe zimadyetsa mizu ya mbewu, gawo lake lapadziko lapansi.

Monga njira yodzitetezera, kulima mozama mu kugwa kumalimbikitsidwa, mothandizidwa ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda. Komanso, kufesa koyambirira, pofika nthawi ya kachilomboka, zikhale zokwanira kulimbitsa mitengo yathunthu, zomwe zingawapangitse kukhala osayenera chifukwa cha tizilombo. Kuphatikizana ndi fodya ndi phulusa la nkhuni ndi njira inanso yothandiza yvutoli.

Kukolola ndi kusungira pea

Kukolola kumachitidwa pamene kumacha, osati kamodzi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nandolo alibe malo osungirako nthawi yayitali. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti chibweretse chimodzi mwamtundu wina: zouma, zam'chitini kapena kukonzedwa.