Palibe chomera china chilichonse padziko lapansi chomwe chilengedwe chakhala chikugwirapo ntchito mosamala kwambiri. Orchid si wotchuka chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo, komanso mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana osadziwika. Zomera zachilendo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo amtundu wa Russia ndipo zimadziwika kuti ndizopanda tanthauzo. Komabe, pali zifukwa zomwe masamba a maluwa amenewa amafota.
Zoyambira zazikuluzikulu
Kuphuka kwa orchid ndi umboni wa kuperewera kwa zakudya.
Maluwa obiriwira
Zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza mizu ndi gawo la chomera zimathanso kutha.
Hypothermia
Kutentha kochepa kumakhala kofanana ndi nyengo yachisanu. Ngati masamba ayamba kumera ku Phalaenopsis, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyang'ana kutentha pafupi ndi zenera. Sichiyenera kugwa pansi + 15 ° C, apo ayi mbaleyo itayika, ndipo chomeracho sichitha kutulutsa ngakhale pang'ono.
Kutentha kwambiri
Kutentha kwambiri kumavulaza ma orchid. Mothandizidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri, madzi amatuluka nthaka, ndipo mizu imavutika ndi chinyezi. Mtengowo umakakamizidwa kuti ugwiritse ntchito "zake" zake, ndikuyamwa madzi kuchokera masamba.
Osakwanira kuthirira
Maluwa apanyumba amakumana ndi kusowa kwa chinyontho ndi kuthilira kosayenera. Eni ake amathirira mbewu nthawi yayitali, osaganizira momwe dothi lilili.
Frostbite Phalaenopsis
Nthaka imatha kuuma kale chifukwa cha kutentha, kusuntha kwapang'onopang'ono, kukula kwa poto.
Madzi
Orchids amakonda "kumwa", koma chinyezi chowonjezera chimavulaza mizu - chimalepheretsa mpweya kuzungulira m'nthaka. Ngati gawo loyambira ndilopanda, ndiye kuti gawo loyang'aniridwa pangozi limatha kudwala, limatha kuvunda. Zotsatira zake, masamba a orchid wilt.
Mphamvu yowonjezera
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumakhala bwino pakachulukitsa. Phalaenopsis amatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofunikira m'nthaka. Chifukwa chamchere wambiri, mizu imatha kuuma, njirayo imasinthira kumtunda kwa mbewu.
Chifukwa masamba osachedwa
Vuto lachiwiri lomwe amalima maluwa pamaluwa nthawi zina amaonera ndi masamba ophuka. Kuchepa kwa kutanuka nthawi zambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi zolephera mu njira zamankhwala amitundu mitundu. Zomwe tafotokozazi pansipa zimabweretsa izi.
Zovuta za dongosolo
Chiwalo chachikulu chomwe chimapatsa mphamvu chomera chonse ndi muzu. Akakhumudwa, gawo lakelo limavutika. Mwa zina zomwe zimapangitsa masamba kuwundana, titha kusiyanitsa:
- kusowa kwa michere (mwakulankhula kwina, gawo logontha);
- nthaka youma yopanda chonde;
- mphika wopanikizika, kulepheretsa dongosolo kuti lisale.
Zomera zodwala
Zinthuzi zikachotsedwa pakapita nthawi, mizu yake imaphwa, masamba obiriwira ayamba kutembenukira chikasu, nkugwa, ndipo maluwa adzafa msanga.
Tizilombo
Chomera chachilendo sichigwirizana bwino ndi kuyamwitsa tizilombo (mavuvu, nkhupakupa, mphukira, mphutsi za ufa, nsabwe za m'masamba). Tizilombo timayamwa timadziti, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mbaleyo imayamba kuyamwa. Kuphatikiza pa kutayika kwa turgor, pali chiopsezo chotenga matenda a virus.
Matenda
Maluwa atha kupatsirana osati tizirombo zokha. Pali zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a chomera cham'malo otentha.
Matenda akuluakulu a orchid
| Mitundu | Zifukwa | Zizindikiro |
|---|---|---|
| Zoyota | ||
| Chakuda | Hypothermia, wofowoka ndi tizirombo kufooka | Zimakhudza mbali zonse za mbewu. Masamba samangoterera, koma kukhala ndi tint yakuda |
| Brown | Kuthirira kwambiri komanso kutentha pang'ono | Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhudza masamba achinyamata, akuwonetsa mawanga a bulauni. |
| Zosangalatsa | Chinyezi chachikulu, kusayenda bwino kwa mpweya | Masamba a masamba obiriwira, amakhala onenepa, amakutidwa ndi pinki fungal spores |
| Grey | Kuphwanya njira, kudya kosayenera | Zisumbu zakuda, zopangidwa ndi utoto wonona, sizimangogwiritsa masamba okha, komanso masamba ndi maluwa otseguka kale |
| Matenda ena | ||
| Kuwaza malo | Kuwala kambiri mwachindunji kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakukula, kudya kwambiri, kuthirira kosayenera | Malo owoneka amdima akuwoneka bwino pamasamba omwe ataya turgor. |
| Anthracnose | Chinyezi chachikulu | Malo amtundu wakuda amakula pamasamba opukutira ndi ma pseudobulbs, pambuyo pake ma denti amawonekera. |
| Powdery mildew | Mphamvu yamphepo yobiriwira (chinyezi pam kutentha kwambiri) | Chovala choyera chikuwoneka pamasamba ndi masamba. Maluwa okongola a orchid amayamba kuuma ndipo duwa limamwalira |
Matenda oyambitsidwa ndi Phalaenopsis ndi tizirombo amawoneka pamasamba opota komanso owongoka.
Tsamba loteteza kachilomboka
Mutha kuwona "zaluso" zina zojambula zamaso: mivi ndi mikwingwirima.
Kugulitsa
Mukasuntha maluwa ochokera pachidebe china kupita kwina masiku oyambira adzakhala oterera. Ngati patatha masiku 5 makwinya pa masamba sanadutse, ndipo wogulitsayo akupitilizika kugwa, kumuwonjezera udachita popanda kutsatira zofunika zaukadaulo waulimi:
- gawo lapansi lasankhidwa molakwika;
- kusokoneza acid-base bwino;
- Palibe dzenje mumtsuko (mwachitsanzo, mbale yothira magalasi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa mphika).
Tcherani khutu! Ngati mbewuyo singasungidwe pakapita nthawi, mizu yake imafooka, ndipo sadzakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zogwirira ntchito pachidebe chatsopano.
Chifukwa chiyani masamba amafewa komanso makwinya
Ngati masamba a orchid ndi ofewa komanso owopsa ayenera kufunafuna kuphwanya maboma, komanso matenda. Kutanthauzira kolondola kwa zinthu zoyipa kudzakuthandizani kupulumutsa chomera chamkati.
Kutentha kwambiri
Zikhalidwe zachitropiki zaphunzira kupilira kutentha. Kuwonekera nthawi yayitali kumatentha kwambiri kumayambitsa kutentha kwa mtengowo, ndipo umatulutsa chinyezi mwachangu. Gawo lapansi limathandizidwanso.
Zomera zatentha kwambiri
Mizu imavutika ndi ludzu, ndikukhala oopsa. Satha kuthandiza nthaka, ndipo masamba awo amatuluka mwachangu.
Matenda a mizu
Chifukwa chofala chomwe masamba ofewa a orchid amakutcha amatchedwa mavuto ndi mizu. Kuti muwonetsetse izi, muyenera kusuntha chomera chofooka. Ngati mizu idwala, duwa limapereka mosavuta kuyenda.
Mukachotsa mbewu mumphika ndikuyang'ana pansi pake, mutha kuwona mawanga a bulauni omwe akuwonetsa kuvunda kwa mizu (mu orchid wathanzi labwino wobiriwira). Masamba apansi amakhudzidwanso, omwe amasintha, kenako nkufa.
Kupanda chinyezi
Orchids ndi mbewu za epiphytic ndipo zimalekerera kusapezeka, kuthirira ndi zomwe zimasungidwa. Nthawi zina kuthirira foliar kumakwanira. Ngati gawo lawolo silinasungunwike kwa nthawi yayitali, limakhala louma, ndipo mizu yake imakodwa mu "chimbudzi cha mwala". Kutopa, makina satha kudyetsa mbali zina za chomera. Izi zimapangitsa kuti masamba aziwawa.
Madzi oyipa
Mu chisamaliro cha orchid, sikuti kungothirira kokha ndikofunikira, komanso mtundu wamadzi omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa. Madzi apampopi sioyenera pano - amathiridwa mchere kwambiri ndi zosafunika. Pang'onopang'ono amadziunjikira gawo lapansi, ndikulisunga ndi poizoni.
Tcherani khutu! Kuwiritsa zinthu sikukukonza - muyenera chinyezi chofewa. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kutenga madzi osungunuka kapena kutunga madzi amvula. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kusungunula chisanu, ndikuchotsa ayezi pamakoma a freezer nthawi iliyonse pachaka.
Chithandizo cha Orchid
Ngati masamba aulesi amapezeka mu orchid, muyenera kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli kuti muthe kuchita zoyenera. Mu milandu yofatsa, wowerengeka azitsamba ndi oyenera kulandira chithandizo. Mukakhala patsogolo, ndikofunikira kutembenukira ku mankhwala oopsa kwambiri.
Njira zina zochizira
Si mavuto onse omwe amabwera chifukwa chopanda maluwa. Poyamba, maphikidwe ena amalimbana ndi matenda ena.
Njira zina zochizira matenda
| Njira | Momwe mungaphikire | Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito |
|---|---|---|
| Mankhwala phulusa | Madzi (5 l) amabweretsedwa kwa chithupsa; · Sungunulani koloko (25 g); Onjezani sopo wamadzimadzi (5 g); · Lolani kuzizirira firiji | Pakupuma kwa sabata, chomera ndi pamwamba zimathandizidwa katatu pachaka |
| Potaziyamu permanganate | Permanganate (2,5 g) amadzipaka m'madzi (10 l) | Spisoni orchid kangapo ndi masiku 5 |
| Soda yophika | Soda (supuni 1) yosakanikirana ndi sopo wamadzi (0,5 tsp); Wotundidwa ndi madzi (4 l) | Chomera chimapopera katatu ma sabata. |
| Phulusa | Madzi (10 l) amatenthedwa mpaka 35 °; · Thirani phulusa (1 makilogalamu); Kuumirira masiku 5-7; · Zosefera; · Onjezani sopo pang'ono (madzi) | Njira yothetsera imakonzedwa orchid 3 masiku angapo |
| Madzi a shuga | 4 tsp amasungunuka mu kapu yamadzi shuga | Madzulo, pansipa ya pepala la flaccid imachiritsidwa ndi yankho pogwiritsa ntchito burashi wamadzi ambiri. M'mawa, kuphika kokoma kuyenera kutsukidwa kuti mbewuyo ipume |
Zambiri. Madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi chitsamba chamaluwa ayenera kuchotsedwa, malo odulidwa amathandizidwa ndi kaboni wophwanyika kapena wothandizira mkuwa. Chitani zomwezo ndi mizu.
Kuti muthane ndi tizirombo moyenera, muyenera kuganizira mtundu wa tizilombo. Mulimonsemo, maluwa amakatsukidwa pansi pa madzi, ndikuchotsa majeremusi pamanja. Potere, mayankho sopo angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Chithandizo cha anthu
| Tizilombo | Njira zoyendetsera |
|---|---|
| Zikopa | Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupukuta madera owonongeka ndi mowa wa ethyl, mafuta a azitona, msuzi wa adyo |
| Ma nsabwe | Kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi mankhusu kapena masamba a zipatso kumathandiza kwambiri. |
| Mitima | Mutha kuwonjezera mowa wosakanizidwa kapena mafuta a azitona ku amapanga sopo |
| Spider mite | Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mankhwala a cyclamen tubers kumathandiza, komwe kumafunika kukonzekera maluwa kangapo, kusunga masiku 5 |
| Zopatsa | Garlic yoyenera kapena yankho la anyezi (1 tsp gruel pa kapu imodzi yamadzimadzi), komanso mafuta a maolivi omwe amatsitsidwa ndi madzi (2 tbsp pa lita imodzi) |
Kuyang'anira Tizilombo
Zofunika! Panthawi ya mankhwala a orchid, ndikofunikira kupatula mitundu yonse ya mavalidwe. Izi zimathandizira kufalitsa tizirombo.
Mankhwala
Ngati duwa lakhudzidwa ndi zowola, fungicides (HOM, Kuprazol, Fundazol, mkuwa sulfate) amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kupopera mbewu yodwala katatu pakadutsa masiku 10. Mu matenda a bakiteriya, Gentamicin, Furacilin, Streptocid amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Tcherani khutu! Pakakhala kugonjetsedwa kwathunthu, orchid ndiosavuta kuwononga. Osayankha ku chithandizo ndi matenda a virus.
Ponena za tizilombo, apa pali mankhwala osankhidwa mwanjira iliyonse omwe amakhudza chakudya ndi machitidwe amanjenje.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
| Tizilombo | Kukonzekera |
| Zikopa | Pambuyo pochotsa majeremusi, chomera chimathandizidwa ndi Fitoverm kapena Actellik, kubwereza njirayi patatha sabata limodzi |
| Ma nsabwe | Pambuyo posamba, duwa limachiritsidwa ndi Chlorophos kapena Fitoverm |
| Mitima | Kawiri pa mlungu uliwonse zimapopera mbewuzo ndi gawo lapansi |
| Zopatsa | Pambuyo pochotsa malo owonongeka, duwa limathiriridwa ndi Actellic kapena Fitoverm. Pambuyo masiku 10, njirayi imabwerezedwa. |
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino
Pofuna kuvulaza chomera, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndizofunikira mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa ndi mankhwalawa.
Zosamalira zina za orchid
Kuyesera kukonzanso duwa lotupa, simuyenera kuyembekezera mwachangu. Kuti muchepetse, maluwa amafunika masiku atatu. Kusamalira mbewu koyenera ndikofunikira pano:
- poyamba, njira zonse zimakhazikitsidwa: kutentha, kuwunika, kuthirira;
- khalani chinyezi chokwanira kwambiri mumtambo wa 60-70%;
- Patatha masiku 10 chithandizo, kudyetsa, komwe kumayenera kukhala koyenera, kuyambiranso;
- Kamodzi pamwezi, orchid limatsukidwa pansi pamadzi;
- masiku 30 aliwonse amadzaza owaza ndi sulfate yamkuwa;
- chinyezi chomata pakati pa pseudobulbs ndi sinuses nthawi yomweyo chimachotsedwa ndi youma, yoyera;
- pindani mchipindacho, kuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya uzungulira masamba a Phalaenopsis.
Ngati vutoli likukhudza mizu, ndibwino kusinthira mbewuyo mumphika wina, womwe umayatsidwa ndi samatenthetsa mafuta. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso gawo latsopanolo. Kuthilira kumachepetsa maluwa, koma osaloleza kuti mbewuyo ome.
