Olima maluwa ambiri amadziwa bwino maluwa okongola kwambiri a bromeliad. Mitundu imalumikiza mitundu yoposa 60 ya mbewu. Ambiri aiwo ndi otchuka kwambiri pakulima kwanyumba. Dziko la bromelia ndilo malo otentha ndi madera otentha a Latin America. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yolumikizana pansi pa dzina limodzi - bromeliad mix.
Tanthauzo la dzina la maluwa a bromeliad ndi kufotokozera kwa mbewu
Okonda zachilendo amakonda kulima nyumba za bromeliad kunyumba chifukwa chophweka pazachilengedwe.
Zambiri! Mawu akuti "bromeliad" amachokera ku dzina la dotolo waku Sweden komanso katswiri wazomera zakuthambo Olaf Bromelius.
Mwambiri, duwa la maluwa limakhala ndi chidule. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amtundu wa chikopa amapanga burandi. Pamwambapa, ma inflorescence ochititsa chidwi a ofiira owala kapena achikasu okongola amapangidwa. Amakhala othinana, amtundu wamtundu kapena mantha. Duwa lalikulu limapatsa mbewu yake mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri.
Eni ake omwe ali ndi mitundu yofiirayi yowoneka bwino amatha kuchita kaduka
Mutaphukira tchire, mabokosi azithunzithunzi kapena zipatso zazikulu. Kulumikizidwa mu chonde ndi chikhalidwe cha mitundu ina ya mbewu za bromeliad. Duwa ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 35.
Duwa la Bromeliad - chisamaliro chakunyumba
Palibe malo abwinoko kulima bromeliad kuposa windowsill m'nyumba, chifukwa mbewuyo imafunikira dzuwa. Makamaka ngati wabalalika. Dzuwa lolunjika limakhala ndi zowononga, zimayambitsa masamba. Zotsatira zake, mbewu imayamba kufota ndikupweteka. Duwa silimalola kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino, choncho muyenera kuupatsa mpweya wabwino pafupipafupi, koma kuutchinjiriza.
Malo abwino kulima maluwa - mawindo akuyang'ana kum'mawa
Zofunika! Simungathe kuyika duwa pafupi ndi fan kapena chowongolera mpweya, malo abwino kwambiri amakhala mazenera akum'mawa. M'nyengo yozizira, maola masana amachepa. Kusamalidwa kwa bromeliad panthawiyi ya chaka kumaphatikizapo kuperekanso kuunikira kochita kupanga. Koma zowunikira sizimatumizidwa ku duwa, koma choloza.
Kutentha kwakanthawi
M'chilimwe, kutentha kwa bromeliad ndi + 20 ... +25 madigiri. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikokwanira kupereka boma lotentha m'malo osiyanasiyana + 15 ... +18 madigiri. Zomera za Bromeliad zamkati ndi thermophilic. Madigiri 12 pamwamba pa ziro - kwa iwo kutentha kovuta.
Kuthirira ndi kunyowetsa madzi
Chofunikira pakusamalira duwa ndikuonetsetsa kuthirira nthawi zonse. Muyenera kupukuta nthaka nthawi zambiri. M'miyezi yotentha, kuthirira kumaperekedwa pafupifupi tsiku lililonse. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthira madzi mu phula, lomwe limapangidwa ndi masamba. Ngati izi ndizovuta kuchita, madzi amatsanuliridwa m'nthaka. Madzi sayenera kuloledwa kuzimiririka pamwamba pa dothi losakanikirana. Koma pakhale madzi nthawi zonse poto. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kuthirira ndi pafupipafupi, osapitirira kamodzi pa sabata.
Kutsirira koyenera kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza mbewu zathanzi
Chomera cha bromeliad chimakhala momasuka ndi mpweya chinyezi cha 70%. Masamba amafunikira kuti azisamalidwa mwadongosolo komanso kupukutidwa. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti.
Nthawi zina aquarium kapena chidebe chilichonse chamadzi chimayikidwa pafupi ndi chitsamba. Ndikwabwino kukhala ndi chinyontho chamagetsi. Nthawi zambiri, timiyala timathiridwa m'thumba ndipo timathira madzi pang'ono, ndipo mphika wa maluwa umayikidwa pamwamba.
Tcherani khutu! Ndikasamba kwamadzi nthawi zonse mu masamba oyambira, masamba amatayika ndipo amayamba kutembenukira chikaso. Izi zimatchulidwa makamaka muzipinda zabwino. Ndipo kusowa kwa chinyezi kumabweretsa kuti malekezero a mapepala amapeza mtundu wa bulauni.
Pothirira, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okhazikika. Mwanjira imeneyi amachotsa chlorine. Chifukwa chakuti mapangidwe a photosynthesis amapezeka mmera, ndikofunikira kuwunika kuyera kwawo ndikupukuta pamasamba ndi nsalu yonyowa kamodzi masiku 7.
Ma Bromeliad ndi osiyana mawonekedwe ndi maluwa ndi masamba.
Kusakaniza dothi
Bromeliad amakonda nthaka ya acidic. Pokonzekera gawo lapansi sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito dimba. Njira yabwino ikhoza kukhala kusakaniza kwa masitolo okongoletsa kwa ma orchid, komwe mchenga ndi peat zimawonjezeredwa. Ndikakonzekereranso dothi, mutha kuphatikiza humus pamenepo, onjezani dongo lokulitsa, makala kapena makala. Kuphatikizika kotero kumatsitsidwa.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kudyetsa maluwa, ma feteleza amadzimadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pali zovala zapamwamba komanso zoyambira pamwamba. Poyamba, madzi okhazikika omwe amafunikira kuti maluwa ayambitsidwa ndi madzi, ndipo mapangidwewo amathiridwa mu chosapira ndipo chisoti chothiliridwa ndi iye. Kachiwiri, muthanso kungothirira nthaka yokhazikika. Zomera zomwe zili pachimake pa maluwa, pafupipafupi kudyetsa kumachitika kawiri pamwezi. M'nyengo yozizira, njirayi imatsitsidwa nthawi imodzi m'miyezi 1-2.
Zofunika! Ndiosafunika kufotokozeranso tchire osiyanasiyana kugwedezeka. Chifukwa chake, mutapeza duwa pamsika wogulitsa, sikofunikira kuti muuwutse. Ngati kukula kwake kungafanane ndi kukula kwa mbewuyo, mutha kusiya.
Mphika ukakhala wochepa kwambiri, muyenera kutsatira njira zotsatirazi:
- Pangani mphika ndi dothi latsopano.
- Kudzaza dziko lapansi.
- Pangani dzenje pansi ndikuthira madzi.
- Kusunthani chomera kuti chikhalepo.
- Thirani dothi pamwamba, liungeni kuti duwa lithe kukhazikika.
Nthawi ya maluwa
Bromeliad limamasula m'miyezi yachilimwe, koma pali mwayi wongoyerekezera nthawi iyi pogwiritsa ntchito chinyengo chochepa. Mukayika vaseti lodzaza ndi maapulo pafupi ndi duwa, kapena kuyika mphikawo m'thumba la maapulo kwa masiku 10, njirayo imathandizira. Mfundo yofunika kuikumbukira ndi iyi: mpweya wa ethylene wopangidwa ndi zipatso umalimbikitsa kuphukira koyambirira kwa masamba.
Zoyenera kuchita kenako bromeliad wachira? Pambuyo podikirira kuyanika kwathunthu, zotsalira za mbewuzo zimadulidwa mosamala. Chachilendo cha mtunduwo ndikuti maluwa amatuluka kamodzi kokha. Kenako, ana amawonekera m'malo otulutsa amayi (zitsamba zatsopano zimamera kuchokera kwa iwo), ndipo iye mwiniyo alibe moyo.
Pazina la bromeliad mix, mitundu yotsatirayi nthawi zambiri imagulitsidwa m'sitolo:
- Bilbergia
- bromeliad de Zapata;
- mkati zamkati;
- Nidularium;
- Ehmeya.
Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi umunthu wake. Mwachitsanzo, bromeliad de Zapata ali ndi mawonekedwe a nsapato. Mtundu wina ndi wofanana ndi chinanazi.
Pali mitundu yosangalatsa mu banja la Bromeliad, yofanana ndi chinanazi
Mafotokozedwe amitundu ina
Chimodzi mwazomera zosavuta kubzala m'banjali ndi Bilbergia. Amasinthika kukhala ndi moyo ngakhale m'malo opepuka. Maluwa ofiira otumphukira kuzungulira amawonekera m'nyengo yozizira (kuyambira Novembala mpaka Januware) kukasangalatsa omwe anawalandira.
Dongosolo la gulu lalikulu la maluwa ochokera ku Brazil amachokera ku liwu Lachilatini "Nidus" - chisa. Masamba osasunthika amapanga rosette wandiweyani. Phula lomwe limafupikitsidwa limakula kuchokera pakatikati ndipo limatha ndi inflorescence ya khutu lokhala ndi maluwa akulu akulu ofiira. Maluwa ndi ojambula kwambiri. Malamulo omusamalira samasiyana ndi ofunikira.
Mitundu ina ya ecmea imakhala ndi mtundu wosangalatsa wa mitundu mitundu.
South American echmea ili ndi mawonekedwe achilendo amtundu wamkati mwa mawonekedwe a nsonga. Masamba amapanga rosette, ndipo pamakhala minga m'mphepete mwa masamba. Chomera chimamasula kamodzi kokha.
Kuswana
Maluwa atatha, mphukira zimawonekera patsinde la chomera, chomwe chimadulidwa mwaluso ndi mpeni. Amatchedwa kiki. Kenako amafunika kuphimbidwa ndi makala ndi kuwuma pang'ono. Mbande zomalizidwa zibzalidwe munthaka, makamaka kuyambira pa Okutobala mpaka Epulo. Nthaka yopepuka imanyowetsedwa ndikuyikamo.
Bromeliad yamuyaya imadziwika ndi mizu yamphamvu. Duwa, ndikusiya kunyumba, limazika mizu m'nthawi yochepa (osaposa miyezi iwiri mutabisirana). Munthawi imeneyi, muyenera kupukutira pansi nthawi zonse ndikukhala kutentha m'chipindacho pafupifupi madigiri 20. Zomera zatsopano zidzaphuka pakati theka mpaka zaka ziwiri.
Zambiri. Mbewu zoberekera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Njira imeneyi ndi yayitali.
Matenda
Adani akuluakulu a bromeliad ndi tizirombo tambiri, nthata za akangaude kapena mphutsi za mealy. Mukachira, chomera chimatha kupulumutsidwa ndikusunga majeremusi pamanja. Kenako masamba amasambitsidwa ndi madzi amchere. Mutha kuwonjezera mowa pang'ono kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Kuphwanya boma la ulimi wothirira kuphatikiza matenda ndi fungal matenda, mbewu rots.
Ngati chisamaliro chocheperako chimaperekedwa, ndipo malo omwe bromeliad imayang'aniridwa bwino, duwa limakondwera kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuwoneka koyambirira.
