Chifukwa chiyani kukwera phiri kumafunika, nanga n'chifukwa chiyani mbatata imabereka kwambiri pambuyo pake?

Mapulogalamu apamwamba a mbatata amaphatikizapo ntchito zingapo zazikulu, ndipo mapiri awo amakhala pamalo apadera. Osangomva kokha anthu a chilimwe omwe adamvapo, komanso omwe ali kutali kwambiri ndi nkhani za m'munda.

Imeneyi ndi ntchito yowopsya ndipo palinso otsutsana ndi njira yopangira mbatata. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti zangokwanira kumasula timipata ndi zomera zomwe tinabzala.

Tidzakuuzani zambiri chifukwa chake mapiri a mbatata achita. Nchifukwa chiyani akuganiza kuti njirayi imapereka zokolola zazikulu. Ndikofunika kuti tipeze zofanana kapena kuti tisapereke zokolola.

Ubwino ndi zovuta

Mbatata yakula chifukwa cha pansi pa tubers, kotero ulimi wamakono wa masamba ali ndi makhalidwe ake. Kupanga stolons ndi tubers kumafuna zinthu zina: zizindikiro zabwino za kutentha ndi kukhalapo kwa chofunikira kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Kuchuluka kwake ndi khalidwe la m'tsogolo kukolola kumadalira mwambo wawo, ndipo chifukwa chake kukwera phiri ndi ntchito yofunika komanso yofunikira.

Chifukwa cha njira iyi, zotsatirazi zikuchitika:

• Nthaka yosanjikiza imakula pamwamba pa mizu ya mbatata, zomwe zimatsimikizira kutentha kwachangu ndi chinyezi zofunika kuti kukula bwino ndi chitukuko cha tubers.
• Kutsegula nthaka kumapangitsa kuti ukhale wopuma bwino, kumathetsa kutsetsereka.
• Kutaya tubers ndi nthaka, zomwe zimawoneka kuchokera m'nthaka, zimathandiza kuti zisamakhale zobiriwira ndipo zimawalepheretsa kusonkhanitsa solanine.
• Kupanga mabedi kumapangitsanso kuchotsa namsongole omwe amaletsa mbatata kuti ikule ndikukula.

Hilling ili ndi otsutsa ake, ponena kuti njirayi ingathe kuchitika kokha kumpoto kwa dzikolo, kumene nthaka imakhala yonyowa kwambiri. Malingaliro awo, pamapiri a steppes ndi m'mapiri, kukwera phiri sikutanthauza chabe, koma nthawi zina kumavulaza.

1. Mwachitsanzo, kum'mwera kwa Russia, m'nyengo yozizira, mbatata sizitulutsa, chifukwa izi zingayambitse nthaka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwake, zomwe zingawononge mazira a mbatata.
2. Komanso hilling si pansi mbatata mabedi wakula pansi wakuda agrofibre. Zomwe sizinapangidwe zimapangitsa malo abwino kuti apangidwe mbatata, zimathandiza kuti zingwe zikhale bwino, kukula ndi kusasitsa kwa tubers.

N'chifukwa chiyani hilling mbatata?

Mbatata ya mbedza ndi cholinga chopeza nambala yambiri ya mphukira zina zomwe zimapanga tubers. Chithandizo chamachiritso chimapangitsa tchire kwambiri komanso champhamvu kwambiri.

Mitundu yambiri ya tuber imapangidwa pa stolons, ndipo tsamba lakuda la masamba limapereka pansi pa mbeuyo ndi zakudya zokwanira, zomwe zimathandiza kuonjezera zokolola.

N'chifukwa chiyani zokolola zikuwonjezeka kwambiri?

Mizu ya mbatata imamera kwambiri masentimita 15, kotero hilling ikuchitika kokha pamene zimayambira kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 30. Ndondomekoyi ndi cholinga choonjezera zokolola chifukwa cha kukula kwa mizu ndi kupanga mapangidwe oonjezera omwe amapanga tubers.

Ndikofunikira! Zowonjezera ndi zapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangidwa kwambiri ndi stolons ndi tubers.

Kodi ndondomekoyi ikuthandizira bwanji?

Ngati hilling yachitika nthawi, pamene msinkhu wa zomera zimakula kuchokera 3-5 cm mpaka 15-18 masentimita, ndiye kuti mizu ya mbatata idzayamba kupanga mapulaneti, chiwerengero cha tubers chidzawonjezeka pa stolons. Ndipo kutalika kwa kutalika kwa chigwacho, ndiko kuti, kukula kwakukulu kwa tsinde m'nthaka, zimakhala zolimba kwambiri kuti stolons idzakhazikitsidwe, ndipo, chifukwa chake, chomeracho chidzapanga chiwerengero chachikulu cha tubers mu chisa.

Hilling amalola osati kuwonjezera zokolola ndi 20-30%, komanso kumathandiza kusintha kapangidwe ka tubers.

Ndiye kodi ndi bwino kuchita?

Kodi ndiyenera kutero kapena ayi? Alipo zifukwa zingapo za hilling mbatata:

1. Hilling amateteza mbatata mphukira kuchokera mochedwa frosts. Chochitikachi n'chofunika kwambiri m'madera ozungulira nyengo, kumene nyengo imakhala yosakhazikika. Mapiri ochokera pansi pa mapesi aang'ono amakhala ngati malo awo otetezera. Mphukira zovulazidwa zimatetezedwa ku chisanu chodzidzimutsa, ndipo zimatha kukula mosavuta ndikukula ngakhale nyengo yovuta.
2. Mitsinje yapamwamba yozungulira mbatata, chitetezeni zimera za zomera ku mphepo zamphamvu, musamulole kuti aziphwasula ndi kuzigunda.
3. Kukhazikika kumapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yopangidwe, kuzipangitsa kukhala omasuka ndi kupuma. Ndiwothandiza komanso kofunika pamene mukukula mbatata pa nthaka yowirira ndi yonyowa.
4. Mbatata amafunika chinyezi chokwanira. Hilling imalola kuti madzi alowe mofulumira kupita kumalo ozungulira pansi.
5. Njirayi imamenyana ndi namsongole omwe amalepheretsa kukula ndi kudyetsa zitsamba za mbatata.
6. Kudyetsa kosalimba ndi kukwera nthawi zonse kwa mbatata kumapangitsa kuti zokololazo zikhale zosavuta, chifukwa tubers mwakula pafupifupi pansi.
7. Kuwongolera mabedi ndi kosavuta kuchiza ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Colorado.
8. Kudula minda ya mbatata ndi yosavuta kuthana ndi alimi osiyanasiyana aulimi.

Kutsiliza

M'nkhaniyi tinayang'ana zonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiziyenda bwino. Monga momwe tikuonera, njirayi ingathandize kwambiri ulimiwu, imathandizira kukula kwake ndi kuonjezera zokolola zake. Ndipo tsopano mukudziwa chifukwa chake pamene kukwera mbatata kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Koma osati m'zigawo zonse ndi kukula kwa zochitikazo.