Olima munda amakumana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a bouillon chaka chilichonse. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi ovunda pamwamba. Mwina iyi ndi imodzi mwa mavuto omwe amapezeka kwambiri pakukula ndikupeza mbewu kuchokera ku tomato.
Tiyeni tiwone ngati matendawa ndi owopsya ndipo ndi njira ziti zopambana zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi sayansi ndi nzeru zambiri.
Kodi ndi zoopsa ndipo zimachokera kuti?
Matendawa ndi ofanana ndi tchire, zomwe zimayamba kubala chipatso. Vuto limakhala lachilengedwe ndipo nthawi zambiri silingagwirizane ndi tizirombo kapena matenda. Nthawi zina, zowola kwambiri zimayambanso ndi mabakiteriya. Matendawa samapha mbewu yonse. Zipatso za tomato sizingadye.
Matenda awiri omwe amamera kumunda ndi malo obiriwira amakhala odwala matendawa.
Chifukwa cha matendawa nthawi zambiri ndi kuthirira molakwika. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pamene chipatso chiri kucha, ndikofunikira kuthirira tomato nthawi zonse. Ndi kusowa kwa chinyezi mu nthawi ya chitukuko chogwira ntchito ndi chiyambi cha fruiting, chomeracho chikukumana ndi kupsinjika kwa madzi.
Phunzirani zambiri za matenda a phwetekere komanso momwe mungawalamulire.
Zotsatira zake, masamba amayamba kutulutsa chinyezi kwa iwo eni, kuphatikizapo kutenga chinyezi ku chipatso. Izi zimayambitsa mavunda. Ngakhale kuti phwetekere - chikhalidwe chimakhala chosasunthika kuti chinyezi, wochulukira madzi okwanira pa zipatso zakuchabe akufunikabe. Choyambitsa vutoli chikhoza kukhalanso mapangidwe a kutumphuka kumtunda pamwamba pa dziko lapansi.
Pankhani imeneyi, chinyezi sichifika pamzu. Kuthira mobwerezabwereza, koma m'magawo ang'onoang'ono kumapanganso kuoneka kokwera pamwamba.
Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka komanso kusowa kwa kashiamu kumayambitsanso matendawa. Mchere wambiri wa nayitrogeni ukhoza kuchitika pamene mukudyetsa tomato, mwachitsanzo, manyowa a madzi. Calcium sichitha kudwaliranso ndi mizu ya zomera pa kutentha kwambiri.
Dothi lamchere kapena acidix limayambitsa matenda. M'dziko lotero, calcium imakhala yosavuta kufika pammera.
Matenda a bakiteriya ovunda amafala nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kuyang'anira kwa eni ake. Oitanidwa ndi bakiteriya Bacillus mesentericus, Bacterium licopersici, ndi zina zotero, pambali ya zipatso zobala pansi. Tizilombo tingakhale ojambulira mtundu wa bacteria wa matendawa.
Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa phwetekere
Ngati mdima wandiweyani kapena mawanga obiriwira amaoneka pamwamba pa chipatso, ngati atayikidwa, amatanthauza kuti chitsamba chimakhudzidwa ndi zowola.
Mukudziwa? Zovuta zowola sizikhudza osati tomato okha, komanso zina zotupa, mwachitsanzo, tsabola, eggplant.
Mdima wandiweyani wakuwoneka pa chipatso pomwe mphukirayo inali. Patapita nthawi, amawonjezeka kukula ndipo amauma. Zizindikiro kawirikawiri zimawoneka pa chipatso pachiyambi cha kucha.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi zowola pamwamba pa tomato
Njira yabwino yothetsera matenda aliwonse ndikuteteza. Koma ngati sikukanatheka kuteteza zochitikazo, ndiye kofunikira kuti mupeze chithandizo.
Zomwe zimayambitsa vertex zowola mu tomato zakhala zikufufuzidwa, tidzakambilanso njira zowononga matenda.
Kupewa ndi zipangizo zamakono
Katundu wambiri wa tomato akhoza kukhudza ndipo mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala, ndi njira ngati kupewa, zingathandize kuthana ndi mawonetseredwe oipa pakubzala mbewu.
Njira yoyamba yopewera ndi yunifolomu yamakono yothira zomera.. Yesani kupewa kusinthasintha kwadzidzidzi mu chinyezi. Tsiku lotsatira mutatha kuthirira, kumasula nthaka ndi chodula. Chopondetsa pamwamba chiyenera kukhala chosasunthika. Yesani kuwononga mizu ya tomato mukamasula. Kuphimba nthaka ndi mulch wa mulch kungakhalenso kothandiza kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa momwe mungapezere tomato yaikulu mu wowonjezera kutentha mothandizidwa ndi mulching.
Mizere ya tomato iyenera kuchotsedwa kumsongole.
Ngati tomato ikukula mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha, yang'anani kutentha. Ngati mutentha kwambiri, yonjezerani kutuluka kwa mpweya wabwino. Tsatirani microclimate. Kusinthasintha kwapachikuta kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi n'kosayenera.
Ndikofunikira! M'malo obiriwira, tomato nthawi zambiri amatha kuvuta m'malo opuma..
Komanso, musalowerere ku overfeeding zomera ndi feteleza. Onetsetsani mlingo womwe umasonyezedwa pa chizindikiro ndi nthawi yomwe ntchito ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kunthaka. Ngati kudyetsa ndi manyowa kapena kusuta, penyani yankho. Iye ayenera kukhala wofooka. Kwa nyengo yokwanira kudyetsa kawiri kapena katatu.
Njira ina yotetezera ndiyo njira "kupuntha". 
Kuti tichite izi, mbeu zimamizidwa m'madzi ndi mpweya zimadutsa. Kuti muchite izi, mungagwiritse ntchito kanyumba kakang'ono kamene kamakonzedwanso kake. Mavuvu a okosijeni ayenera kukhala aang'ono. Kuti mukwaniritse izi, gwiritsani ntchito mpweya kapena kupyolera gasi kupyolera muyeso. "Kutupa" kumatenga maola khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu, kenako mbeuzo zouma bwino.
Kukonzekera kutetezedwa
- Poonjezera kukula kwa matenda, mbeu imalimbikitsidwa kuti ichitiridwe ndi aliyense wothandizira kukula asanayambe kubzala.
- Mukhoza kukonza mbeu ya theka la peresenti yankho la manganese.
- Palinso njira yothetsera mbewu, mungagwiritse ntchito yankho la succinic acid kapena imodzi peresenti yankho la zinc sulfate. Yankho la succinic acid likukonzekera pa mlingo wa 17 ml wa mankhwala pa lita imodzi ya madzi. Pazochitika zonsezi, mbewuzo zimasungidwa muyeso kwa osachepera tsiku.
- Kwa kuvala pamwamba pa tomato ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yamchere wotchedwa nitrate Ca (NO3) 2. Yankho lirikonzedwa pamtunda wa 5-10 g wa mankhwala pa 10 malita a madzi. Kubzala masamba osamba madzi osaposa kawiri pa sabata.
- Pa nthawi ya kukula kwa zipatso, kupopera masamba ndi njira yothetsera calcium kloride CaCl2 idzakhala yothandiza. Yankho likukonzekera pa mlingo wa 3-4 g wa mankhwala pa 10 malita a madzi. Kudyetsa sikuchitika koposa kawiri pa sabata.
- N'zotheka kudyetsa mkaka wa Ca (OH) 2 laimu. Yankho lirikonzekera pa mlingo wa 1 g wa mankhwala pa 10 malita a madzi. Kupaka zovala kumapangidwa ndi kupopera masamba kamodzi kapena kawiri pa sabata.
- Chida chabwino ndikutsegulira zovala zonse za nightshade, pamene mukulemekeza mlingo. Mukhoza kusankha mankhwala "Nutrivant PLUS". Kuphatikiza kwake ndi zowonjezera "Fertivant" kumapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Yankho lakonzekera pa mlingo wa 25-30 g pa 10 l madzi.
Ngati mbola yapamwamba yayamba kale ku tomato, tiyeni tiyankhe zomwe tingachite. Choyamba, muyenera kuchotsa zipatso zomwe zakhudzidwa. Ndibwino kuti muwatenge kuchokera ku chitsamba ndi kuwaononga kutali ndi mabedi ndi zomera.
Vertex zowola za tomato - matendawa ndi ovuta kwambiri, ndipo njira ya chithandizo chake idzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pokhapokha mutagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe apadera.
- Dyetsani zomera ndi calcium kloride yankho pa mlingo wa 1 g wa mankhwala pa 10 malita a madzi.
- Gwiritsani ntchito makonzedwe apadera a microbiological, monga "Fitosporin".
Mlingo ndi kuchuluka kwa kupopera mankhwala ndi mankhwala chonde yang'anani ndi othandizira malonda.
Mlingo ndi kuchuluka kwa kupopera mankhwala ndi mankhwala chonde yang'anani ndi othandizira malonda.Ndikofunikira! Manyowa osakaniza ndi mavitamini ochepa okhudzana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amagula okha m'masitolo apadera, atakambirana ndi alangizi. Ndithudi iwo akudziwa bwino lomwe mankhwala omwe angakhale othandiza kwambiri pa malo ena olima.
- Pankhani ya kuvutitsa kwa bakiteriya, zinthu zomwe zili ndi mkuwa zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, mwachitsanzo, Bordeaux madzi. Yankho lirikonzedwa motere: 100 g of quicklime imasungunuka mu madzi okwanira 1 litre, ndipo 100 g zamkuwa sulphate imadzipetsedwa mu 9 l madzi. Yankho lokhala ndi laimu likuwonjezeredwa ku njira ya vitriol ndi kusakaniza bwino.
Musamayembekezere zotsatira zofulumira. Ndibwino kuti musabweretse zomera kuti ziwoneke.
Werengani komanso momwe mungadyetse tomato mutabzala mutseguka.
Mankhwala a anthu
Vertex zowola za tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha - zochitikazo ndizofupipafupi, koma njira zambiri za chithandizo chawo zimagwiritsidwa bwino, kuphatikizapo kupewa matenda ndi mankhwala ochiritsira.
- Choyamba, kubzala tomato kuyenera kuchitika pamtunda wokwanira (malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana). Nthambi ndi masamba siziyenera kutsekedwa. Ku msana uliwonse, perekani zokwanira.
- Njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, yogwiritsidwa ntchito osati m'malo obiriwira okha, komanso pamatseguka pansi, ikukhazikika.
- Kuthirira tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha kumalimbikitsidwa tsiku lirilonse, ndipo pa kutentha ndi bwino kusintha kwa madzi okwanira tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Chomeracho chimakonda "kupuma" mpweya wabwino. Air nthawi zambiri mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha.
- M'zitsime pansi pa mbande yonjezerani mazira ndi mapulusa.
Mitundu yotsutsa
Pakati pa zaka zoberekera, tomato osungunuka amapezeka m'malo mogonjetsedwa ndi vertex. Zindikirani kuti mphamvu ya phwetekere ya matenda a phwetekere masiku ano siidakwaniritsidwe. Komabe, mitundu ngati "Alpatieva 905a", "Astrakhansky", "Moryana", "Volgograd 5/95", "Soli Gribovsky 1180", "Lia", "Lunny", "Rychansky", "Akhtanak" ndi yolemekezeka Kukaniza nsonga kuvunda. Ndizotheka kutchula zovuta monga "Benito F1", "Bolshevik F1", "Grand Canyon", "Glombbemaster F1", "Marfa F1", "Prikrasa F1", "Rotor F1", "Tochi F1", "Pharaoh F1" ".
Ngakhale kuti matendawa amapezeka kawirikawiri kwa oimira a nightshade, njira zothetsera vutoli n'zosavuta. Kawirikawiri, njira zothandizira komanso kusamalira bwino mbewu zimathandiza kupewa zokolola zoperewera komanso kupewa kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba, komanso mavuto ena ambiri.
