Aspidistra - kukula ndi chisamaliro kunyumba, chithunzi

Aspidistra (Aspidistra) ndi mbewu yokongola yobadwira ku East Asia.

Mpweya wobiriwira umapezeka pakati pa masamba ena onse amkati okhala ndi masamba okongola obiriwira obiriwira. Masamba oblong okhala ndi mitsempha yakuwala yautali, kupanga mawonekedwe okongola a chomera, amatha kutalika kwa 80 cm, m'lifupi mwake 15 cm.

Chomera cha herbaceous cha banja la Asparagaceae chilibe, chimadziwika ndi kukula kwapang'onopang'ono (masamba 2-3 pachaka). Zaka zomwe munthu amakhala ndi moyo sizidutsa zaka khumi, pomwe zaka ziwiri zilizonse mbewuyo imafunikira kukakamizidwa.

Aspidistra amadziwika ndi maluwa ofupika nthawi yachilimwe kapena kusakhalapo kwathunthu.

Zothandiza katundu

Evergreen Aspidistra imayamikiridwa ndi okonda zaukhondo ndi dongosolo mnyumba chifukwa cha masamba ake a masamba:

• imatenga utsi, utsi wa fodya, kuwononga chilengedwe;
• Ndi othandizira antibacterial, wotolera fumbi amene amayeretsa malo okhala;
• amagwira ntchito ngati chinyezi chachilengedwe chothirira nthawi zonse;
• Ndiwokoma kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, duwa lazikhalidwe zakum'mawa ndizotetezeka kwa ana ndi ziweto. Kwa ambiri, iye ndiye woyang'anira banja komanso chuma m'nyumba, wachisoni kuchokera kumaso oyipa.

Chomera chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe achi China komanso Japan. Machiritso amtundu wake ndi masamba ndi rhizome.

• Oriental prelestnik amalowa m'malo okodzetsa ndi mankhwala oletsa kutupa.
• Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito decoctions ochokera kumadera ena a chomera chifukwa cha zovuta monga: urolithiasis, matenda am'mimba, m'mimba, kupweteka kwa minofu, kukokana.

Mawonekedwe akukula kunyumba. Mwachidule

Ngakhale aspidistra ndiosasamala, komabe, ngati mukufuna kukulitsa "maluwa" obiriwira, muyenera kudziwa zofunika zofunikira za mbeuyo kuzikhalidwe zachilengedwe.

Kusamalira katswiri wa kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Mwamuna wabwinobwino wakummawa safuna chisamaliro chapadera, koma osakana kupangira nyengo yabwino yakukula kwathunthu ndi kukula kwake. Nawa maupangiri othandizira amomwe mungapangire bwino zakumaso kwa chilengedwe.

Tikufika

Phula la nyumba limakhazikika bwino likadzalidwa kumayambiriro kwamasika isanayambitse kukula kwakukulu. Ngati tikulankhula za kubzala, ndiye kuti pali masamba okhala ndi gawo la mizu yomwe idalandidwa ndikugawa mizu ya osatha.

• Kupanga chomera chonse, masamba nthawi zambiri amagawika awiriawiri. Zoyenera kubzala zitsanzo zachinyamata. Popeza mmera mulibe mphukira, kukhwima kwa masambawo kumatsimikizika ndikuwoneka komanso kukula kwake.
• Mukabzala mbewu zazing'ono, ndikofunikira kuti zisawononge mizu ya mbande. Kugawanitsa mizu kumachitika ndi mpeni wakuthwa.
• Kubzala ndi kusintha kwa mbewu ndikotheka kokha m'nthaka yatsopano.
• Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mizu yoyesedwa mumphika izadzazidwe ndi dothi ndi 2/3.
• Zozizira sizimapitilira mwezi umodzi.

Kusamalira mbande zobzala kumakhala pang'ono kuthirira ndi kuyatsa.

Maluwa

Maluwa a Aspidistra m'nyumba, ngati chilengedwe. limamasula kamodzi pachaka kapena kamodzi zaka zisanu. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti inflorescence ya mtundu wofiirira wakuda imapangidwa m'munsi mwa masamba, omwe, osakhala ndi nthawi yophulika, amatha.

Poyerekeza ndi masamba okongola, ma inflorescence ang'onoang'ono ochepa satha kuwoneka, motero amalimi ochepa maluwa amatengera njira zowonjezera kuti chomera chijare.

Njira yotentha

Zitha kuwoneka kuti katsitsumzukwa panyumba kali kolimba monga nyama zamtchire. Kusintha kwamphamvu kwa kutentha sikuwopa iye, koma ngati sikuli mwadongosolo. Mwachitsanzo, chomera chimatha kukhalapo pakutha kutentha kwa 0 ° C ndi + 30 ° C, koma sizitanthauza kuti nthawi zonse maluwawo sadzafa.

M'masiku otentha, mmera umafunika kutetezedwa ku kutentha kwambiri, nthawi yozizira kutentha kwapakati ndi + 10-12 ° С.

Kuwaza

Chomera chomwe chimakonda chinyezi sichimalola kuti fumbi azisonkhanitsa masamba, motero kusamba pafupipafupi nkosapeweka. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda ndi chofewa chofewa.

Pulididra yanyumba imafunikira kupopera mbewu zamasamba ndi madzi osamalidwa bwino, njira zake ndizoyenera kutentha kwa chipindacho kuli pamwamba + 19 ° C. Kuchitika kwa njirayi kumachitika kawiri pa sabata.

Kuwala

• Ngakhale imamera m'malo otetezeka a zolengedwa zachilengedwe, palibe munthu amene ayenera kunyalanyazidwa ndi kuwala kwake, ngakhale yakuya kwambiri, yobzalidwa kunyumba.
• Osatulutsa chomera kuti chiwale ndi dzuwa. Ndikofunika kutulutsa maluwa oti aziyenda m'munda wamithunzi.
• Njira yabwino yoyika poto wamaluwa ndi aspidistra ndi mbali yakumpoto ya nyumbayo.

Kuthirira

Chomera chakum'mawa chitha kugonjetsedwa ndi chilala kuposa chinyezi chambiri. Pofuna kupewa kuwola kwa mizu, thirirani mankhwala a aspidistra mosamala.

Pafupipafupi kuthirira kumadalira kutentha m'chipindacho. Kufotokozera kumakhala koyenera pamene dothi limayamba ndi 2/3.

Ngati duwa lili pamalo abwino - pafupipafupi kuthirira kumachepetsedwa ndi theka. Zothirira ntchito madzi akhazikika firiji.

Kusankha kwa mphika

Kukula kwatsopano ndi masamba a chiweto chakum'mawa zimatengera mwachindunji momwe mizu ya mbewuyo imayambira. Kukula kwakukulu kwamphika wamaluwa, kumtunda, kukongola ndi kukongola koposa korona.

• Mizu ya aspidistra imakonda kukula mwachangu, kotero kuthekera kokukula kuyenera kukhala konse komanso kuya.
• Zogula mbande zazing'onoting'ono zimafunikira kukakamiza kuti ziziphika mumphika wokulirapo.

Dothi

Kuthanso kwa duwa kumapangidwe a dothi ndilofunika. Mosakayikira, ndizotheka kubzala ndikusintha kuminda yamaluwa, koma alimi odziwa maluwa atha kudziwa kuti kubzala dothi moyenera momwe limapangidwira kumakupatsani mwayi wokulirapo komanso wautali wazomera wokhala ndi masamba okongola.

Kwa mbande zazing'ono, ndikokwanira kupanga chisakanizo cha peat ndi humus + drainage kapena mchenga mu chiyerekezo cha 2/2/1. Posinthanitsa ndi mbeu za akulu, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera sphagnum moss motere, komanso makala, ndikusintha peat ndi turf kapena dimba lamunda.

Aspidistra amalandila zosankha zakanika kupumidwa, kotero popanga dothi losakanikirana, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za zigawo zopindika.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Zomera zimafunikira chakudya panthawi yomwe ikukula mwachangu. Kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Seputembala, timalimbikitsidwa kuthira dothi ndi feteleza wokhala ndi mpweya wambiri wa nayitrogeni.

Kukula kwa feteleza kugwiritsa ntchito duwa:

• m'malo owala - kamodzi pamwezi;
• mumtundu - kamodzi miyezi itatu.

Mlingo woyenera wa feteleza wa aspidistra ndi theka la mlingo womwe wopanga amapangira.

Zophatikiza zamadzimadzi ndi kuvala pamwamba ndizabwino kwa duwa lakumaso.

Fluorides ndi feteleza m'migulu imasokoneza mbewu.

Wophatikiza feteleza wotchuka kwambiri wokongoletsa komanso wopatsa manyowa ndi Uniflor.

Kuyika kwa aspidistra

Zochulukitsidwa ndi zitsanzo zomwe zapanga masamba opitilira 8, komanso mizu yayikulu.

• Maluwa amawokedwa mumphika wokulirapo osalekanitsa mizu osachotsa mtanda. Nthawi zambiri chimangochotsa pamwamba pomwe pamachotsedwa.
• Panthawi yopuma, zigawo zapamwamba za khosi sizikuta ndi dothi.
• Dothi losakanikirana ndikudula ndi losakhazikika pamtunda ndi kuwonjezera kwa peat ndi kukhetsa kwa madzi muyezo wa 2/2/1.

Zomera sizikhudzana kwambiri ndi kusinthana, njirayi ndiyoyenera pokhapokha pakufunika.

Kudulira

Kuchotsa mawaya masamba a aspidistra kumachitika pofunikira. Kudula kooneka bwino kumachitika pamunsi. Kuchotsa kumatha kuzimiririka, masamba owuma omwe ali ndi matenda (omwe ali ndi mawanga, mabowo, opindika, osungunuka).

Nthawi yopumula

Mtengowu wobiriwira umakondweretsa zobiriwira zobiriwira chaka chonse, kotero kuti owerenga m'minda ochepa sazindikira chilichonse cha kutuluka kwa duwa lokhala ndi duwa la aspidistra. Kusamalira pakhomo chomera kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka kumapeto kwa dzinja kumakhala kuti kusungabe kutentha osachepera + 16 ° С.

Kubwezeretsa kwa aspidistra

Ndizotheka chifukwa cha kugawanika kwa mizu ya anthu akuluakulu kapena masamba odulidwa.

Kubwezeretsa kwa aspidistra pogawa chitsamba

• Kugawa aspidistra kumaphatikizapo kudula mizu ya chomera mutachotsa mu mphika m'magawo angapo. Kwa mbande, ma rhizomes okhala ndi masamba awiri kapena anayi achinyamata amasankhidwa.
• Gawo lirilonse la mbewu mutagawa limayikidwa mumphika wamaluwa ndi mainchesi 15 osachepera 15, wodzazidwa ndi peat, mchenga ndi ngalande.
• Kuti muzitseke kwambiri mwachangu mutabzala, muli mbande zokhala ndi mbande zimasungidwa m'zipinda zokhala ndi kuyatsa kwapakati pa kutentha pang'ono + 20 ° С.

Kufalikira kwa tsamba la aspidistra

Kufalitsa masamba ndi kufalitsa masamba a aspidistra.

• Timapepala totsatirika popanda zolakwika ndizoyenera kuzika mizu. Kudula masamba kosasangalatsa kumachitika m'munsi mwa mizu.
• Zodulidwa zophika zouma m'munsi zimayikidwa mu chidebe chotsekedwa ndi madzi ndikuyika malo otentha, owunikira pang'ono mpaka mizu yoyamba iwoneke.
• Mizu ikaphuka, mmera umayikidwa m'nthaka yobzala ndipo chomera chimapatsidwa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse, kutentha + 16-18 ° C, mpweya wabwino.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Ngakhale mukasamalira chomera chonyalanyaza, mavuto otsatirawa angabuke:

• mawanga a bulauni pamasamba aspidistra - zovuta zoyipa za ma radiation a ultraviolet;
• amasiya masamba - kuchuluka kwa feteleza ntchito sikulemekezedwa;
• chomera mizu kuvunda - chinyezi mopitilira muyeso, kubala bowa (fusarium), kugwiritsa ntchito dothi losadetsedwa nthawi yobzala;
• brownish mawanga m'mphepete mwa masamba - chomera chimavutika ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa;
• kuponya kutembenukira chikasu - chinyezi chambiri (chlorosis), matenda a duwa okhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena mafangasi (anthracnose, zowola muzu);
• kuponyedwa kumatha - kuyatsa kosakwanira;
• osakula - chakudya chosakwanira m'dothi mwakuthilira ndi mchere wambiri ndi mchere, mandimu ndi chlorine;
• kubzala - subcooling, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha.

Zimakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono monga mealybug, kangaude wa mbewa, fern lonse.

Mitundu ya mankhwala opha thukuta

Ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri ya Aspidistra, ndi mtundu umodzi wokhawo womwe umalimidwa munthaka - - Aspidistra okwera (Aspidistra Elatior Blume).

Dzinalo lodziwika ndi "banja lochezeka". Amadziwika ndi masamba angapo. Masamba okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba ngati lanceolate, owala, obiriwira akuda okhala ndi mitsempha, 60-80 masentimita kutalika, 13-15 cm mulifupi.

Chomera chilibe. Maluwa ndi osowa. Ma inflorescence ndi ang'ono, ofiirira, amapanga zipatso mu mawonekedwe a zipatso zooneka ngati peyala, mkati momwe mbewu zimacha.