Khoma lanyumba ya calathea limayamikiridwa kwambiri pakati pa olimawo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake achilendo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi zake zapadera, kotero mutha kuphatikiza magulu onse a calatas kunyumba. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwachilendo kwamasamba kuti akhale mawonekedwe, ndipo m'mawa kugwa, kalatea adatchedwa "maluwa." Ndizofunikira kwambiri chisamaliro, chifukwa mukakula, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena.
Maluwa a calathea: Mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Kalathea amachokera ku liwu lachi Greek "Kalatos", lomwe limatanthawuza "basket." Kalatea ndi wa banja la a Marantov ndipo ndi gulu lawo la mitundu yambiri. Mosiyana ndi oimira ena a pabanja lake, mbewuyo imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa maluwa. Mpaka pano, mitundu pafupifupi 130 yopezeka m'chilengedwe imadziwika. Chiwerengerochi chimaphatikizapo ma calatheas mwachilengedwe, osawerengeka ma hybrids omwe amaberekedwa ndi obereketsa.
Kutolere mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma calatas.
Chomera chotsika 70 masentimita kutalika kokhala ndi ma shampu otambalala 30 cm. Masamba, kutengera mtundu wa calathea, ali lanceolate kapena mawonekedwe a petioles. Mitundu imathanso kusintha.
Zambiri! Pamashiti nthawi zambiri pamakhala mawonekedwe amitundu kapena mikwingwirima.
Malo omwe zitsamba zosatha ndi zigwa za mtsinje wa Amazon ku South Africa. Chifukwa chake, duwa nthawi zina amatchedwa "Mfumukazi ya Inca" kapena "Inca Princess". Ngakhale kuti m'malo amtundu wa Russia chomera chimangogwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira zokongoletsera, m'dziko lakwawo limagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Amadziwika kuti ku Brazil nsomba zatsopano zimakutidwa ndi masamba a calathea, motero zimasungidwa nthawi yayitali. Ku Colombia, masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuluka matumba ndi mabasiketi. M'mafuko ena ku South Africa, ulusi umapangidwabe kuchokera masamba a calathea ndipo zovala zimapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo.
Pansipa tikambirana mitundu ya calatheas omwe amadziwika ku Russia.
Kalaza Locket
Mtundu wa medallion umadziwikanso pansi pa mayina ena - roseoptic calathea ndi pinki. Mtengowo umasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wosawoneka wamasamba, womwe mbali imodzi umakhala ndi mawonekedwe a zodzikongoletsera zozungulira, zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana mitundu yobiriwira ndi siliva. M'mphepete mwa mapaleti azizungulirazo ndi mzere woonda. Kumbuyo, mbale yamtambo mumtambo wakuda ndi wofiirira. Chifukwa cha izi, roseopticon nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maluwa kuti apange maluwa okongola ndi maluwa.
Medallion, kapena Roseoptic
Calathea medallion ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizika, amakula osaposa 40 cm kutalika. Zolakwa nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa posamalira maluwa, ndichifukwa chake masamba amayamba kupukuta ndi kupindika. Kuti mupewe vuto lotere, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mbeu yabwino: chotsani zolemba, dzala ndi kuteteza duwa kuti lisawone dzuwa.
Zofunika! Malo obadwira ku Kalathea ndi Amazon, motero, kuti akule bwino, ndikofunikira kupereka kuthirira kambiri komanso nthawi zonse.
Amakhulupirira kuti medallion imatha kuchotsa mphamvu zonse zopanda pake ndikubweretsa mtendere ndi bata ku maubale a anthu, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri imakulitsidwa mu maofesi.
Galathea crocata
Croqueta imadziwikanso ndi dzina lina - safironi calathea. Amatchedwa chifukwa cha safironi mtundu wa inflorescences. Masamba a crocata chowulungika ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati mafunde. Mbali yakumtambaku ndi yobiriwira, ndipo pansi pake ndi la bulauni kapena lofiirira. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, safironi calathea sikusiyana pamaso pa masamba akulu, koma limamasula bwino kunyumba. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono achikuda achikasu. Safrate clatea imayamba kuphuka nyengo yozizira: kumapeto kwa Januware kapena koyambirira kwa February.
Korimba, kapena safironi
Kusamalira kanyumba kakhola panyumba kuyenera kuchitika mosamala, popeza duwa limakhala lodzaza kwambiri ndipo limafunikira njira zapadera zokulira. Ndikwabwino kukula mitundu yachilengedwe m'malo obiriwira komanso ma aquariums apadera, chifukwa mmera umafunikira chinyezi chambiri. Mpweya wouma, makamaka nthawi yozizira chifukwa chotenthetsera, umakhudza kuthira kwa masamba ndi masamba. Croqueta imayamba kuuma mwachangu ndipo imatha kufa ngati palibe njira zomwe zikutsatidwa.
Ngati palibe njira yokulitsira duwa m'madzimo, muyenera kuyang'anira chinyezi cha mpweya. Zomera ziyenera kumanulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuchokera mu botolo lothirira ndi madzi. Pazinthu zina zowonjezera, chidebe chamadzi chimayikidwa pafupi ndi calathea kotero kuti chimasuluka kuti chiwonjezere chinyezi.
Zofunika! M'nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kupachika nsalu yonyowa pamapaipi otenthetsera, kumadziyimitsa nthawi zonse likamuma.
Kalaza Varshevich
Kachitsamba kakang'ono kamene kali ndi masamba owundikira. Masamba obiriwira a mitsempha ndiowoneka bwino. Mbali yosiyana ya masamba a pentiyo ndi utoto wonyezimira wa lilac. Pamaso masamba ndi ofewa komanso osangalatsa kukhudza, amafanana ndi velvet.
Varshevich limamasula ndimaluwa okongola a maluwa
Ma inflorescence a Kaleatea Varshevich ndi ofanana ndi ma spikelets ang'onoang'ono; mabulangete awo amawongoka pang'ono ngati ma rosebuds. Zomera nthawi yamaluwa zimakongoletsedwa ndi pinki, kirimu komanso maluwa oyera. Pazowoneka zopanda pake, ma rosette amapangidwa, omwe pambuyo pake amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kubereka.
Pokhala ndi maluwa ambiri, kalatea Varshevich ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza. Chifukwa chake, alimi odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa akulangizidwa kuti azilankhula pafupipafupi maluwa owonjezera a maluwa kapena mbewu za banja la Marantov. Ndikwabwino kudyetsa chomera mutathirira, madzi onse akamalowetsedwa m'nthaka.
Zofunika! Nthawi yamaluwa, ndikofunikira kusiya kuphatikiza feteleza, zomwe zimaphatikizapo nayitrogeni. Kupanda kutero, imachepetsa kutsegulidwa kwa masamba.
Calathea lansifolia
Kufotokozera kwa chitsamba cha calathea cha lansifolia sichachilendo kwa banja lawo. Chomera chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kutalika kwa chitsamba chake, chomwe chimafika pafupifupi mita imodzi. Masamba anu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi pafupifupi masentimita 50, pa iwo pali mawonekedwe a chowulungika mawonekedwe ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Amapezeka pafupi ndi mitsempha ndipo amakhala amdima kwambiri kuposa mtundu waukulu wa tsamba. Masamba ndiwobiriwira pang'ono mtundu wake ndipo mawonekedwewo ndi obiriwira. Mbali inayo ya pepalalo ndi utoto wakuda.
Lansifolia - chomera chautali chokongoletsera
Ndikofunikira kusamalira bwino chomera chachikulu. Popeza ma sheet ataliitali ayimirira, kunyalanyaza kulikonse kosamalira kumayambitsa matenda a chitsamba ndikuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe a chomera chokongoletsera. Makamaka calathea iyi imafunikira chinyezi cha mlengalenga, kuthirira ndi kuvala kwapamwamba.
Calathea Sanderian
Mitundu ya Sanderian idadulidwa ndi njira yobereketsa kuchokera ku mtundu wina wotchedwa ornate, kapena wokongoletsedwa. Mtengowo umakula mpaka masentimita 30. Masamba a mbewuyo ndi opanikizana ndipo amatalika masentimita 20. Masamba amakhala pa petioles lalitali kwambiri, lomwe kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi 10 cm.
Zambiri! Ma inflorescence ndi maluwa oyera ndi a lilac. Phula limakhala lokwera kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi kutalika kwa thengo lokha - 25-30 cm.
Duwa limatha kumasula zakumwa zenizeni zakudula m'nthaka pakukula, chifukwa chake, ndikuziika pamafunika zaka ziwiri zilizonse kuti nthaka isinthe.
Sandamwa - duwa lolimba
Caldea Sanderian ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yokongola kwambiri ya banja lino. Mitundu yachilendo pamasamba masamba imapangitsa kukhala koyenera pakati pa wamaluwa ndi maluwa. Mizere yopyapyala yoyera imapangidwa bwino kumalo motalika masamba onse amtundu wowala wobiriwira. Pamwamba pa mapalawo panali gloss komanso yosalala mpaka kukhudza.
Kalipaa orbifolia
Mtengowo umakhala wamtali wa 60 cm ndipo uli ndi masamba owonda. Masamba obiriwira a calathea orbifolia ali mozungulira mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe ake ndi osalala. Kuchokera pamitsempha yapakati pa pepalalo, kuwala, pafupifupi mizere yoyera imafikira m'mphepete. Duwa limakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola chifukwa cha masamba akuluakulu opindika.
Orbifolia imasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba ake ozungulira
Powdery mildew nthawi zambiri imawononga maonekedwe okongola a orbifolia. Matendawa amafalitsidwa ndi tizirombo - mphutsi za mealy zomwe zimakhazikika kumbuyo kwa masamba a masamba. Zizindikiro zakuwoneka ndi majeremusi zimatha kuwoneka ndi maliseche: zofunda zazing'ono zakuda zimawoneka pamadulidwe ndi masamba. Ngati simuchotsa tizirombo m'nthawi yake, mbewuyo imayamba kuuma ndi kutaya masamba.
Powdery mildew imathandizidwa ndikupaka mapepala ndi 10% ethyl mowa kapena calendula tincture. Koma okonza magazini osiyanasiyana komanso zofalitsa zamafilimu ndi maluwa amalangizidwa kuti asangotengera njira zachikhalidwe, koma azigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera: phytoferm kapena actellik.
Tcherani khutu! Powdery mildew imawoneka chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera kapena kusakhalapo. Ndikofunika kuyang'ananso ndikuchotsa masamba akale owuma, komanso kupukuta ndi thonje lomwe limawaviika mu sopo wochapira.
Kalazaa Rufibarba
Rufibarba calatea amatchedwanso ndevu zofiira. Chomera chachitali chimatha kutalika mpaka 1 mita. Amatchedwa redbeard chifukwa chakupezeka kwa mfuti ya lalanje kumbuyo kwa masamba a masamba. Mbali yakunja yamasamba imakhala yobiriwira komanso yosalala. Mapepala akulu okhala ndi m'mbali mwa wavy amapezeka pazodula zazitali, zokhazikika. Masamba amafanana ndi lupanga. Mbali yokhotakhota idapakidwa burgundy.
Rufibarba amatchedwa ndevu zofiira.
Mwina mtundu wa chitsamba ulibe mawonekedwe odabwitsa, koma rufibarba amasiyana ndi mitundu ina pamalo omwe masamba, omwe amatsitsidwa. Mtengowo uli ndi maluwa owala a lalanje ndi achikasu omwe amakula m'munsi mwa masamba.
Kuchokera ku rufibarba, mitundu iwiri ya calatas idatengedwa ndi njira yolerera: White Star ndi Blue Grass.
Kalaza Makoya
Kaloya Makoya moyenerera akhoza kutchulidwa kuti ndi mtundu wotchuka kwambiri komanso wotchuka m'nyumba. Mtengowo umatha kukula mpaka 60 cm. Masamba a Makoya ndi ofewa komanso ofewa kukhudza. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ma plates a pepala ndi owonda kwambiri, atayang'anitsitsa amawoneka kuti akuwonekera. Amafika 20 cm kutalika ndi 10 cm mulifupi.
Makoya ndiye calathea wotchuka kwambiri wakunyumba.
Mbali yakumtunda, tsamba limakhala lobiriwira kowoneka bwino ndi mawonekedwe amdima. Amakhala ozungulira mozungulira kuchokera kumtsempha waukulu m'mbali. Kukongoletsako ndikumakumbukira kwamitundu ina pamchira wa pikoko, motero Makoya amatchedwa pikoko.
Tcherani khutu! Makoya nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi kuukira kwa zovala zoyera, zomwe, zimakhala kumbuyo kwa tsamba, zimayamba kudya zokoma zomera. Ngati mugwedeza duwa lodwala, mudzazindikira kuti ndi zoyera zingati zomwe zimayera mumlengalenga.
Zovala zoyera zimawoneka ngati kutentha kwa thupi sikungawonedwe komanso ngati chinyezi cha mpweya chatsika. Zovala zoyera zimamenyedwa ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda komanso misampha yosakhalitsa. Msuzi wa uchi kapena shuga umafalikira pamakatoni kapena pagalasi pafupi ndi mphika kuti mbewa yoyera igwere mumsampha.
Calathea Leopardin
Leopardine, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, ilibe zimayambira. Imafika kutalika kwa theka la mita. Masambawo ndi afupi komanso ochepa thupi, kumtunda kwake komwe ndi kowoneka bwino kobiriwira ndi mawonekedwe mu mawonekedwe a pepala lawo llipu. Masanjidwewo ndi opakidwa zobiriwira zakuda ndipo amapezeka pakati penipeni mpaka m'mphepete mwa tsamba lonse. Mbali yosiyana ya masamba ndi pinki yakuda.
Zambiri! Maluwa a Leopardine ndi achikaso, ndichifukwa chake dzina la duwa linakhalapo. Ngakhale pali mtundu wina womwe dzinali lidapatsidwa kwa mitunduyo ndi mitundu yachilendo ya ma sheet mu mawonekedwe a zidutswa, zofanana ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa kambuku.
Calathea Leopardin nthawi zambiri amabzalidwa panthaka, popeza mitunduyi imakhala yovuta kwambiri pazovuta. Kubzala kumachitika mchaka pambuyo kutenthetsa dziko lapansi. Malowa sanasankhidwe paphiri kuti pasakhale chinyontho m'nthaka. Ndikofunikanso kupewa malo otseguka pomwe dzuwa limalowa.
Mu maenje okumbidwawo, choyamba amayala tinthu tokhala ngati zinyalala zadothi zokulirapo, miyala yamiyala kapena mchenga kuti tipewe chinyezi m'nthaka ndikufikira kwa mpweya kuzika mizu. Kenako masamba owongoka, singano kapena khungwa limasakanikirana mofanana ndi nthaka ndikuyika chosakanikacho pang'ono pamadziwo. Pambuyo pokhapokha izi, Leopardine imabzalidwa pamalopo ndikuthirira madzi ambiri ozizira.
Zofunika! Madzi sayenera kuchokera pampopi. Ndikwabwino kuthilira ndi mitsinje yofewa kapena madzi amvula.
Kuphatikiza pa zolembedwa, kunyumba nthawi zina pamakalamba:
- calathea vitata. Mizere yopyapyala yoyera imapezeka papulogalamu yonse. Chomera sichitali, koma chowoneka bwino kwambiri;
- Kalibule Malonda. Sindinalandire chidwi chochuluka kuchokera kwa wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa. Mwinanso izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusasiyanitsa komanso njira zosokonekera pamasamba. Kuphatikiza apo, mbali yosiyana ya tsamba la masamba ndi yobiriwira, sizomwe zimachitika ndi calathea;
- Kalaza Bachem. Imakula msanga ndipo sufuna chisamaliro chapadera, koma sichinatchuke kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osawoneka bwino, osiyana ndi mitundu ina;
- Calathea Mysto. Maonekedwewo ali ofanana ndi calathea litz, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa. Mysto ali ndi tsamba loyandikira masamba amkati mwa mtsempha wapakati. Chimawoneka ngati chopondera burashi wobiriwira. Pafupi pang'ono m'mphepete, katchulidwe kamalumikizana ndi mtundu wa pepala.
Zoweta zikuwonetsa zatsopano zatsopano za calathea kuti zipange chomera chokhazikika kwambiri m'malo osiyanasiyana achilengedwe. Duwa silotsika mtengo, ndipo zikuoneka kuti sizingatenge mizu m'malo atsopano. Chifukwa chake, musanagule calatheas, muyenera kudziwa bwino malamulo oyambira chisamaliro chomera ndikupanga zinthu zonse zofunikira kuti chilimidwe.
