Ufaransa ndi wotchuka osati kwa vinyo wa champagne, komanso chifukwa cha mtundu wapadera wa nkhuku - Bress wa Gali. Tiyeni tiphunzire za mbiriyakale ya kulengedwa kwa mtunduwu, zizindikiro zake, komanso mawonekedwe a kusunga ndi kudyetsa kuti apeze zotsatira zoyenera - nyama yodetsedwa ya "mbalame yachifumu".
Mbiri ya mtunduwu
Nkhumba za nkhuku za ku Galileya zinatulutsidwa ndi obereketsa m'zaka za m'ma 50 zapitazo. kum'mawa kwa France kudera laling'ono la Bresse. Anakwanitsa kupeza nyama yambiri ndi mazira a zowirira ndi kupirira bwino, chitetezo chokwanira, kuchita bwino, ndi kukoma kokoma.
Mukudziwa? Mu 1957, mtundu wa Bress wa ku Gali unapatsidwa chiphaso chapamwamba kwambiri cha AOC, chotsimikiziranso ubwino ndi chiyambi. Ichi ndi mtundu wokha wa nkhuku zomwe zapatsidwa chizindikiro.
Nkhuku za Bress Gali zimakula mumalo ozungulira masentimita 4,000. km, pafupi ndi tauni ya Bourg-en-Bresse. Nkhuku imakula pokhapokha m'dera linalake komanso mwakhama kusunga malamulo angapo okula ndi kudyetsa. Mtunduwu wakhala fuko lachifumu komanso chizindikiro cha France, komanso ma vinyo abwino a ku France. 
Pali vesi, lochokera m'mabuku a mbiri yakale, nkhuku zapaderazi zimadziwika kale cha m'ma 1600. Mbiriyi imanena kuti mu 1591 anthu okhala mumzinda wa Bourg-en-Bresse anateteza mzinda wawo kuukiridwa kwa adani, anathandizidwa ndi a Burgundy. Anthu othokozawo anabweretsa nkhuku zambiri kwa a Burgundi chifukwa chowathandiza.
Imodzi mwa nthano imanena kuti mfumu ya France, Henry IV mwiniwakeyo, inayesa nkhuku yosakanizika kwambiri, ndipo iye ankakonda kwambiri. Kuyambira nthaŵi imeneyo, nyama ya mbalameyi inkatengedwa kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri.
Zizindikiro zabwino za nyama ndi zokolola za dzira zimasiyana ndi Mara, Amrox, Velzumer, Lakenfelder, Bielefelder nkhuku.
Kufotokozera ndi zinthu
Nyama ya ku France imakhala ndi maonekedwe apadera. Ndiko kwakukulu, ndi minofu yotukuka komanso yokongola, yobiriwira ya mtundu woyera. 
Kunja
Mzere wa abambo wa mtundu:
- miyendo ya masentimita kukula, kupangidwira, trapezoidal mawonekedwe;
- kumbuyo kuli kwakukulu, kophweka;
- chifuwa chachikulu, champhamvu;
- mimba ndi m'chiuno;
- khosi silitali;
- Mapiko amphamvu, omangiriza kumbuyo;
- mchira uli pambali ya 45 ° mpaka m'chiuno;
- miyendo imakula bwino, ya kukula kwapakati, imvi-buluu;
- mutu wawung'ono;
- Mtsinje wamphamvu, utoto wabuluu;
- kutalika kwake, kumanga, ndi mano angapo atatu;
- ndolo zofiira, zazikulu kukula;
- Maso ndi aakulu, amdima;
- khungu ndi loonda, loyera;
- Mvula yobiriwira yobiriwira, yakuda kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Bress Gali mtundu ndi chuma cha dziko la France ndipo umabwereza mitundu ya mbendera ya dziko: buluu, yoyera ndi yofiira.
Makhalidwe
Makhalidwewa ndi odekha komanso ochezeka. Mbalame za ku France zimakhala zogwirizana kwambiri, musalole kuti malo asungidwe. Zimasintha bwino ndi zikhalidwe zatsopano, zosagonjetsa, zolimba, mwamsanga kuzizoloŵera anthu, siziwopa iwo. Osagwirizana, khalani limodzi mwamtendere ndi anzanu ena okhala ndi nthenga. 
Zizindikiro zolemera
Mbalame zikukula mofulumira minofu. Pakutha mwezi umodzi, nkhuku zimapitirira makilogalamu 0,5. Amadzilemera kwambiri kuposa ma broilers. Pambuyo pa miyezi inayi chiwerengero cha nkhuku chimasungidwa, nkhuku zimakonzeka kuphedwa, mtembo ukulemera pafupifupi 2.5 makilogalamu. Panthawiyi, tinthu tomwe tikukhala tambala ndi 5 makilogalamu, nkhuku -3.5 makilogalamu.
Phunzirani kupha ndi kudula nkhuku kunyumba.
Kutha msinkhu ndi dzira
Kukula msinkhu kumachitika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Nkhuku zimayamba chisa ndi kusonyeza mazira abwino - kuyambira mazira 180 mpaka 220 pachaka. Mazira ndi aakulu kwambiri, omwe amalemera mpaka 85 g, amtengo wapatali kuposa mitembo.
Kuthamanga kwachibadwa
Alimi a ku France amagwiritsa ntchito makina opangira mankhwala kuti abereke ana abwino a nkhuku za Bress of Gali. M'madera odziŵika kwambiri, muli mabungwe atatu okha omwe ali ndi ziweto zomwe zimapereka nkhuku ku France. 
Nkhuku zowakomera mu nkhuku za ku France zimapangidwa bwino; pakhomo, nkhuku zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti zikhazikike mwachilengedwe ndikupeza anapiye amphamvu. Koma panthawi ya nkhuku, kuyamwa kwa mazira kumasokonezeka ndipo kukoma kwa nyama kumakula. Choncho, minda ikuluikulu sagwiritsa ntchito makulitsidwe apachilengedwe, koma gwiritsani ntchito chofungatira, chifukwa ndi yopindulitsa kwambiri pa zachuma.
Phunzirani zambiri za kusankha chofungatira ndi kuona makhalidwe abwino: "Mzere", "Ideal hen", "Cinderella", "Blitz".
Kudyetsa chakudya
Kudyetsa koyenera ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti mupeze kukoma kwake kwa nyama. Poyambirira, alimi a ku France odyetsa mbalame analibe chinsinsi, koma tsopano akudziwika.
Ndikofunikira! Payenera kukhala nthawi yowonjezeka kupeza mbalame kuyeretsa madzi.
Nkhuku
Nkhuku zikukula mofulumira ndikupeza kulemera. Pakuti thanzi lawo limafuna zakudya zambiri m'thupi. Achinyamata mpaka miyezi 2.5 amadyetsedwa ndi tirigu ndi mkaka, mitima yophika, nyama, nsomba. Onetsetsani kuwonjezera masamba odulidwa: beets, kaloti ndi zitsamba zatsopano. Zakudyazo zili ndi mavitamini ndi minerals onse ofunikira kuti mbalame zizikhala bwino. 
Nkhuku zazikulu
Maziko a zakudya ndi tirigu ndi chimanga cha chimanga. Zakudya sizimwedzeretsedwa pamadzi, koma pa mkaka ukugwedeza. Porridges amapindulitsa ndi zowonjezera mchere ndi mavitamini, calcium. Gawo laling'ono la chakudya limapangidwa ndi kukonza nyama, ndiwo zamasamba, zitsamba. Madzulo, mbalamezi zimadyetsedwa chakudya chokwanira, chomwe chimadulidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mbalame sizikumva njala mpaka m'mawa. Idyani chakudya chokwanira katatu patsiku.
Ŵerenganiponso za kukonzekera ndi zikhalidwe za zakudya, mavitamini oweta nkhuku.
Mwezi umodzi usanaphedwe, mbalame zimadyetsedwa pa chakudya chapadera, nthawi yokha, katatu patsiku. Zakudyazi zimakhala ndi mkate wambiri womwe umaviika mkaka, shredded mphukira za chimanga chimanga ndi saladi yatsopano. Kusunga malamulo onse kumakupatsani inu chakudya chokoma chokoma ndi chiwerengero chabwino cha mafuta ndi mapuloteni. 
Pa nthawi ya molting
Panthawi ya molting, mbalame zimafuna mphamvu zambiri, mapuloteni ndi zakudya kuti zibwezeretsedwe. Pa nthawiyi, kuika mazira kumatha. Mbalame ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi kutentha ndi chakudya chokwanira. Zakudyazi ziyenera kukhala ndi mavitamini ambiri, makamaka A ndi E, komanso mafuta a nsomba, monga gwero la omega-3 ndi omega-6.
Zomwe amangidwa
Makhalidwe abwino a nyumba ndi ofunika monga kudyetsa. Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa zikhalidwe zoyendetsa mbalame, kupereka nyengo yozizira m'nyengo yozizira, kuyatsa bwino, ndi zina zotero.
Zofunikira pa chipinda
Khola ayenera kukhala lalikulu, youma, kutentha, ndi mpweya wabwino. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse musunge ukhondo ndikuchita ntchito zothandizira kuthetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pansi ayenera kukhala wouma ndi zogona zoyera. Kuunikira kwa nkhuku nkhu ndi maola 12-14 pa tsiku.
Kwa fattening gwiritsani ntchito mapepala apadera a matabwa. Kutalika kwa khola - 1.3 mamita, m'lifupi - 0.6m Mpaka nkhuku khumi zikhoza kuikidwa mu khola lotere. Mtunda pakati pa zitsulo zoyenera ziyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 6, kotero kuti mbalame zimatulutsa mitu yawo momasuka. 
Zowongoka zimapangidwa ndi matabwa ozungulira ndi masentimita asanu, kuti mbalame zizigwiritsabe osati kugwa pa tulo. Nthiti ziyenera kuikidwa pamtunda wa 0,5 mamita kuchokera pansi, pamalo okongola, osasunthika, kutali ndi khomo, osati polemba. Dera la chisa liyenera kukhala 30 cm, liyenera kukhala louma komanso loyera. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito bedi la udzu kapena nkhuni.
Dziwitseni nokha ndi maonekedwe a nkhuku nkhuku, komanso kudzipangira nokha kwa nkhuku nkhu (kutentha, kutentha).
Yendayenda
Bwalo loyenda liyenera kukhala lalikulu mokwanira mbalame iliyonse - osachepera 10 mita mamita. m. Ziyenera kutetezedwa, kutalika kwa mpanda - osachepera 1.5 mamita. Zowonjezera malo oyendamo, zimakhala zosavuta kupewa matenda ambiri. Mbalame zimadyetsa komanso kuwonjezera pa nyongolotsi ndi nkhono. Zaka ziwiri zilizonse mutakula nkhuku, msipu umasiyidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kukonza malo ochapa ndi njira zoyera za nkhuku, chifukwa chaichi tangi ndi mchenga wa mtsinje kapena phulusa ndi yoyenera.
Kodi kulipirira yozizira yozizira
Madzi otsika komanso otsetsereka amathandiza mbalame kupirira nyengo yozizira. Ali ndi thermoregulation yabwino, koma nkhuku iyenera kukhala yotentha ndi youma, yakuda ndi utuchi kapena udzu pansi. 
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Nkhuku za ku France zili ndi zambiri zoyenera:
- kukoma kwakukulu kwa nyama;
- kukula mofulumira ndi kulemera;
- wochezeka ndi womasuka;
- thanzi labwino, chipiriro;
- kukhala ndi chibadwa cha amayi;
- kupanga mazira abwino.
Main zovuta ndi:
- nkhumba zopanda malire;
- malamulo okhwima pakudyetsa ndi kusamalira;
- ndalama zapamwamba za kugula ndi kukonza.
Video: nkhuku imabereka Bress Galsky
Maphunziro a Bresse Balsa mtundu
Choncho, tinaphunzira za nkhuku zomwe zimachokera ku France. Ali ndi ubwino wambiri, koma mukhoza kupeza zotsatira zokhazokha pokhapokha mukutsatira mwatsatanetsatane zakudya zakudya ndi moyo, zomwe zimafuna ndalama zambiri. Mbalame zimatha kukula monga dzira, koma nyama yake ndi yamtengo wapatali, chifukwa imakhala yabwino kwambiri. Choncho, ntchito ndi ndalama zonse zidzaperekedwa.
