Gomfrena ndi dicotyledonous herbaceous maluwa otuluka a banja la Amaranth. Pali mitundu ya pachaka komanso yosatha. Amakhala m'malo otentha. Odziwika kwambiri ku South America.
Spherical gomfren imakulidwa padziko lonse lapansi ngati maluwa okongoletsa. Mitundu ina imapezeka mu kusaka kwamkati. Kum'mawa kwa Asia, amadya. M'madera ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala.
Ubwino wa mmera ndiwakuti ndi wofewetsa, uli ndi maluwa ambiri - nyengo isanayambe, maluwa sataya kukongola, ngakhale atayanika.
Komabe, kulima, makamaka koyambirira, kuyambira kumera mpaka kubzala pansi ndizovuta.
Kufotokozera kwa maluwa a Gomphrena
Zimayambira zowongoka, masamba ndi osalala, owongoka, okhala ndi mbali zosalala, zopezeka moyang'anizana.
Amaluwa kwambiri, masamba ofiirira, oyera, achikasu ndi ofiira. Amakhala ngati maluwa a clover. Kukula kwa masentimita 3-4
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya abambo
Pafupifupi mitundu 100 yazomera imadziwika. Aliyense wa iwo ndi wabwino munjira yake.
| Onani | Kufotokozera / Magulu |
| Zozungulira | Mtundu wofala kwambiri. Masamba amakhala ndi tsitsi, lomwe limapangitsa kuti lizioneka ngati silvery. Ma inflorescence okhala ndi mpira adapereka dzinalo kwa amtunduwo. Ili ndi mitundu ingapo ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pamodzi, amawoneka bwino pamabedi amaluwa ndikupatsa mwayi wopanga maluwa okongola. Wamtali - mpaka 35 cm. Pali mitundu yocheperako - mpaka 15 cm. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
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| Kubalalika | Ma inflorescences amafanana ndi ma cloves. Zomera zikugwa, zokwawa. Maonekedwe amapambana m'masamba otsetsereka ndi mapikidwe a maluwa - komwe mukufuna kupanga maluwa. Ma Pinki a Pinki a Giredi amasungidwa ndi utoto wokongola wofiirira, ngakhale utawuma. Ikagwiritsa ntchito ikebana youma, zamaluwa. |
| Maluwa agolide (Haage) | Mitengo yayikulu yotsika. Utoto wophatikizika ndi kusintha kuchokera kofiyira wa carmine pamalangizo kupita ku golide wamkati. Wotalika masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Masamba ndi aatali, opapatiza, okhala ndi beseni kumbuyo kwa kumbuyo. Omvera kwambiri kuzizira. M'nyengo yotentha, mwina sipangakhale pachimake. |
| Khwangwala (Kalulu) | Imakula mseri kuposa masentimita 10-15. Woyera, malalanje, pinki. Chifukwa cha ma peduncles afupipafupi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malire, obzalidwa m'miphika yamsewu. |
| Pumbwa | Masamba ndiwobiriwira kwambiri, kutsindika kukongola kwa maluwa owala a pinki. Chimakula mpaka 30 cm, chimakula bwino m'lifupi, chimakwirira ndi carpet malo onse omwe adapatsidwa. Itha kumera m'miphika. |
| Strawberry | Chimafanana ndi zipatso zamtchire zamtchire pak maluwa chifukwa cha maluwa ofiira owongoka. Imafika masentimita 50. Imaphuka kuyambira Juni mpaka Okutobala. |
Kukula zochulukitsa kwa mbewu
Ochita maluwa ku Russia amakonda mitundu yapachaka, chifukwa chakuti simalola nyengo yozizira kwambiri.
Ndiosavuta kubzala mbewu zatsopano chaka chilichonse kuposa kungoyembekezera kuti nthawi yozizira ichite.
Kukonzekeretsa mbewu kuti mubzale
Kukhazikitsa mbewu za mbande ndizosiyana ndi zachikhalidwe.
- Mbewu zimathiridwa ndimadzi okwanira okwanira (pafupifupi galasi).
- Kuumirira kutentha kwa firiji kwa masiku atatu, sinthani madzi tsiku lililonse ndikusakaniza.
- Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito suna, kukhetsa madziwo. Mbewu zimatsukidwa pansi pamadzi ndipo mu chidebe chagalasi, chatsekedwa ndi chivindikiro, choyikidwa mufiriji.
- Amakhala kumeneko kwa sabata limodzi.
Nthawi yokomera mbande
Sizimera kwambiri nthangala zobzalidwa mwachonde, popeza zimafuna kutentha ndi nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, imakulidwa pobzala mbande.
Zofesedwa mu February, koyambirira kwa Marichi mumabokosi okhala ndi dothi lokonzekera.
Kubzala malamulo
Kufesa mbande za gomfrena pali zinthu zingapo zomwe sizovuta kutsatira:
- Konzani nthaka kuchokera kumadera ofanana a dimba ndi manyowa. Njira yachiwiri ndiyotheka - kuchokera ku dothi lapadziko lonse ndi vermiculite m'chiyerekezo cha 1: 1.
- Nyowetsani gawo lapansi kuti linyowe, koma osamatira m'manja.
- Lembani mabokosi obwera. Bola kutenga kaseti.
- Pukuta dothi.
- Pa kaseti iliyonse, pangani bowo ndi ndodo yamatabwa, singano yolumikizana kapena pensulo.
- Thirani zitsime ndi madzi osadetsedwa. Ndiosavuta kuchita izi kuchokera ku syringe yachipatala yomwe munagwiritsa ntchito popanda singano kapena douche. Mutabzala, kuthirira nthaka sikofunikira.
- Fesani nthangala zokonzeka ku firiji, 1-2 pachitsime. Ngakhale kuphukira konse mumtsuko umodzi sikungasokoneze kukula kwa wina ndi mnzake.
- Mulingo ndi pang'ono pang'onopang'ono nthaka, kumangitsa ndi zojambulazo kapena kuphimba ndi galasi.
- Ndikofunikira kuyika chisale cha mbewu pamalo owala, otentha kwambiri - pamwamba pa batire kapena pafupifupi, pawindo, lomwe limayang'ana mbali yakumwera ndikuwotha dzuwa. Kutentha kwofananira kwa kumera + 30 ... +40 °C.
Kuwombera kuwonekera masiku atatu. Ngati kutentha kuli pansipa (koma osachepera + 20 ... +22) °C), kumera kudzachitika pakatha milungu iwiri. - Mbeu zikaphuka, chotsanulira, tetezani kubzala kwa dzuwa.
- Ngati chida chodziwika bwino m'malo chanyumba cha makaseti chidagwiritsidwa ntchito mbande, chiziwombedwa mutawonekera masamba awiri enieni.
- Pa nthawi yomwe mudakula, ndikofunikira kuti musadzaze ndi madzi. Mbande zachinyengo za chinyezi chambiri zimafa.
Mphukira zimatha kudyetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe a dziko lapansi kuti zikule, mwachitsanzo, "Wamphamvu".
Kubzala gomfrena poyera
Gomfren amakonda kuwala, osati dothi lolemera. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kuthira mchenga wofufutira pansi musanakumba.
Koma dothi silofunikira monga kuwala.
Komanso, feteleza ndi michere ya mchere siziyenera kuwonjezedwa musanabzala.
Chachikulu ndikusankha malo owoneka bwino ndi dzuwa ndikupewa malo opanda mphepo ndi zokongoletsa.
Nthawi yobzala
Gomfrena amabzalidwa pokhapokha nthaka ikauma ndikuwotha, nyengo yofunda yopanda kusintha kwa kutentha imakhazikitsidwa. Izi zimatheka mu Meyi, nthawi zina m'malo opitilira kumpoto - mu Juni.
Malamulo akumalo
Mbewu zachikale zimazika dothi lokonzedwa kale. Kuti muchite izi, pangani mabowo mtunda wa 30 cm wamba, 20 cm - kwa mitundu yaying'ono.
Chomera chilichonse chimaphwanyidwa komanso kuthiriridwa madzi.
Kusamalira gomfrena m'munda
Gomfrena - amakonda kutentha ndi kuwala. Amafuna malo ambiri kuti akule bwino, kutulutsa ndi maluwa. Mabedi a maluwa sayenera kukhala ndi mbewu zokulirapo zomwe zimatha kubisala kapena kufinya.
Imalekerera chilala ndi kutentha. Osati wofuna kuthirira.
Kupanga kudulira kumalimbikitsidwira maluwa pakamasamba. Maluwa odulidwa ndiabwino, imani pamiphika kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ndipo gomfrena m'mabedi amaluwa amatulutsa maluwa ndipo amakula koposa.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
Patatha masiku 2-3 mutabzala panthaka, mutha kudyetsa ndi feteleza amadzimadzi. Mwachitsanzo, potaziyamu phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni. Gwiritsani ntchito zosakaniza zopangidwa kale.
Mavalidwe apamwamba ayenera kuchitidwa kawiri, koma pokhapokha maluwa.
Kuchulukitsa kwa feteleza kumapangitsa kuti mbewuyo isaphukire konse, kapena kutulutsa maluwa pang'ono, ndipo masamba obiriwira ochepa adzaza malo onse.
Chifukwa chake, pakamasamba, kuthilira koma modekha kumakhala kokwanira.
Mvula ikagwa mvula nthawi yachilimwe, simuyenera kuthirira madzi abwinowa. Adzafunika chinyezi nthawi yochepa yachilala.
Zisanu
Ngati, ngakhale kuli kotheka, ngati pakufunikira kapena kufunitsitsa kubzala mwana wosabereka, wina ayenera kuyesa kumamupatsa nyengo yozizira yabwino.
Njira yoyamba, yodalirika: kuthira nthawi yachisanu ndi mtanda wa dziko mumphika wambiri ndikuyika malo otentha, owuma.
Chachiwiri: Dulani pansi, mulch ndi masamba owuma kapena udzu, kuphimba ndi chivundikiro chopanda nsalu, kenako ndi filimu. Chotsani pogona pokhapokha kutha kwa chisanu cham'mawa ndi usiku.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta kunyumba
Mwambiri, kubereka kunyumba sikumvera kwambiri matenda. Amakhala womvera kwa iwo mwa apo ndi apo. Koma ngakhale zili choncho, izi zitha kupulumutsidwa.
| Matenda / tizilombo | Zizindikiro | Njira zoyesera |
| Mwendo wakuda | Kukondera kwa zimayambira, kutayika kwa turgor. | Siyani kuthirira kwakanthawi. Finyani dothi ndi phulusa lamatabwa, masuleni. |
| Ma nsabwe | Maonekedwe a pendekera zomata ndi tizilombo pamasamba. | Utsi ndi sopo kapena phulusa. Panthawi zovuta, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. |
| Cercosporiasis | Mawanga amdima, kusintha kwa masamba. | Chitani ndi fungicides (Fundazole, Agate, Vectra, Thanos). |
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala anati: kuchiritsa kwanyumba
Maluwa opaka kunyumba nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala wowerengeka:
- chifuwa chachikulu
- bronchitis;
- kutsokomola.
Maluwa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawonekedwe owuma, kapena akhoza kukhala atsopano - atangochotsedwa pabedi lamaluwa.
Mwa zina zothandiza za Homfrenes: kuchuluka chitetezo chokwanira, kuchuluka kwa mavitamini, kuyeretsa chiwindi, kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi.
Ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu odwala kwambiri, ofooka omwe adachitidwa opaleshoni, ngati palibe tsankho la munthu aliyense.
Kuchokera maluwa amapanga decoction kapena kuwonjezera pa tiyi mukamameta.
Chinsinsi 1 - kutsokomola ndi kuzizira.
Supuni ya inflorescences youma mu kapu yamadzi otentha imapatsa msuzi wokhutira, pang'ono pang'ono. Imayenera kuledzera m'magawo ang'onoang'ono tsiku lonse.
Chinsinsi chachiwiri - kusatetemera komanso kamvekedwe.
Pangani maluwa mu teapot limodzi ndi tiyi wobiriwira kapena wakuda kuti mulawe. Imwani ngati tiyi wokhazikika 2-3 kawiri pa tsiku.
