Tsikas ndi wachibale wokhala ngati mtengo wa fern yemwe adalipo munthawi ya Mesozoic. Mtengowo ndi wa banja la Sagovnikovye. Ndizachilendo kumwera kwa Japan, Madagascar, Fiji ndi zilumba zina za Pacific. M'dziko lathu, limalimidwa kunyumba kapena m'minda yozizira. Kunja, cicada ndi masamba ake amafanana ndi kanjedza, pomwe adalandira dzina loti "saga kanjedza". Amadziwikanso ndi mayina "cicada Revolution" kapena "cycas". Kutchuka kwake kwaposachedwa kwambiri. Chifukwa chakukula pang'onopang'ono komanso kufalitsa masamba, mbewu imawoneka yabwino m'nyumba ndi muofesi.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Tsikas ndi chophukira, chophuka pang'onopang'ono. Mizu yake ndi mtundu wa babu lalikulu. Pamwamba pa dothi pali thunthu lalikulu komanso lalikulu. Imakhala ndi chimake chachikulu komanso khungwa loipa. Kutalika kwa chomera m'chilengedwe kumafika pa 10 m, ndipo thunthu lonse ndi 1-1.5 m. Panyumba, duwa la cicada ndi 50-200 cm kutalika. Kukula kwapachaka kwa tsinde ndi masentimita 2-3 okha.
Ma rosette a masamba ali m'magulu pamwamba pa thunthu. Cirrus ndi masamba a pini awiriwa amafanana ndi masamba a fern. Masamba achidule amapaka utoto wonyezimira kapena wobiriwira. Poyamba amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofewa, koma pang'onopang'ono amakhala amdima komanso olimba. Masamba akuluakulu achikulirewa amatalika mamita 2-3. Aliyense amakhala ndi zaka pafupifupi 2-3.
Tsikas ndi chomera chokongola, ndiye kuti pali amuna ndi akazi omwe. Pazomera zazikazi, ma cone akuluakulu a bulauni amapangika pamwamba pa thunthu. Pansi pamiyeso yambiri yosalala ndi khungu losalala imabisidwa. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 3-5. Maluwa ofika kunyumba kwawo pafupifupi sizimachitika. Ngati cicada yatulutsa, ndikutheka kupeza mbewu zoyenera kufalitsa pokhapokha pochita kupukusa ndi kutulutsa wowonjezera kutentha.
Mitundu ya Cycas
Mitundu yoposa mazana awiri imalembetsedwa mu mtundu wa cicas. Ena mwa iwo adamwalira kale chisinthiko ndipo amadziwika kuchokera pakufufuza zakale. Pa chikhalidwe, simungapeze mitundu yoposa khumi ndi iwiri. Makope otsatirawa ndi otchuka kwambiri.
Cicas kapena Cycas. Mtengowo uli ndi thunthu lotalika mpaka 3 m. masamba osapindika mpaka mamitala awiri amakhala ndi lobesheli yopyapyala yobiriwira. Masamba owongoka amapindika pang'ono, chifukwa chake mitunduyi imatchedwa "cicada." Timapepala tating'onoting'ono topakidwa utoto ndipo timakutidwa ndi kufupika kwakanthawi. Masamba a masamba achikulire amakhala ndi malo owoneka bwino. Mafomu a cell kumtunda kwa tsinde. Pa inflorescence yachimuna, zikuluzikulu ndizoyenererana. Kutalika kwake ndi 70-80 masentimita ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka masentimita 15. Ziphuphu zachikazi zimaphimbidwa ndi pubescence ya lalanje ndipo zimakhala ndi lotayirira kwambiri.
Tsikas Rumfa. Mawonedwe akulu kwambiri. Mtengo wake umatha kukula ndi mamita 8-15. Korona imakhala ndi masamba ofanana ndi masamba. Mtundu uliwonse wamtundu wa 1.8-2 mamita wamtali wamtambo wamtundu wa 30 cm komanso 2 cm mulifupi.
Cicas wopindika. Chomera chimadziwika ndi masamba amdima komanso obiriwira. Pa petiole iliyonse mpaka mikono iwiri, pamakhala malo obiriwira pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Iliyonse yaiwo ndi yayitali 20-25 cm ndi 1.5 cm mulifupi.
Tsikas Siamese - mawonekedwe otsika ndi udzu. Kutalika kwa chomera chachikulire sikupita masentimita 180. thunthu limakhala ndi makulidwe m'munsi mwake, ndipo pamwamba pake limafanana ndi tsinde loonda. Timapepala ta Narrow tili pa petiole ndi kutalika kosaposa 1 m. Amawalekanitsa kuchokera pakati mpaka kumapeto. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi masentimita 8-10. Pamunsi pake pali tsamba loyera.
Tsikas ndi avareji. Thunthu la mtengowu limatha kumera mamita 7 kuchokera pansi. Pamwamba pake amakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa osalala a masamba. Pambuyo pa chithandizo chapadera, mbewu za chomera zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya.
Njira zolerera
Kuberekera kwa cicas ndikotheka ndikuthandizira kwa mbewu kapena ana. Popeza ndizosatheka kuti mutengere mbewuzo nokha, mutha kuzigula m'masitolo apadera. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira nthawi yomwe ntchito idzathe, chifukwa pambuyo pa zaka 1-2, kumera kumachepera. Asanabzale, nthangala zimanyowetsedwa tsiku limodzi m'madzi ofunda. Pambuyo pake, zimagawidwa mumphika wonyowa perlite. Sikoyenera kuzamitsa mbewu mwamphamvu, ingosinikizirani pang'ono m'nthaka. Chotengera chija chimayikidwa pamalo owala ndi kutentha kwa mpweya osatsika kuposa + 25 ° C. Dothi limanyowa ngati pakufunika. Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa miyezi 1-1.5. Pomwe tsamba limodzi lenileni limapezeka mbande, zimasungidwa mosamala mumiphika yaying'ono, kulowa m'nthaka kuti zikulirepo.
Nthawi zina mphukira za tsinde zimawonekera pamakutu akuluakulu. Njira yotere iyenera kudulidwa ndi mpeni, kusamala kuti isawononge mbewu ya mayi. Masamba onse amachotsedwa paphesi. Gawo lam'munsi komanso malo owonongeka a chomera chachikulu amathandizidwa kaye ndi fungicide kenako ndi makala ophwanyika. Mizu imachitika mu chonyowa perlite. Sungani zodulidwazo m'chipinda chanyontho ndi kutentha kwa + 30 ° C. Ndikofunika kuteteza mbewuzo ku dzuwa mwachindunji. Njira yodzala mizu imatha kutenga miyezi 4-9. Mizu yake ikamamera ndi masamba atsopano kuyamba kuonekera, cicada amatha kuiwika mumphika wapadziko lapansi.
Thirani mbewu
Kuyika kwa cicasus kumachitika pakatha zaka zitatu zilizonse. Njirayi imakonzekera kasupe kapena chilimwe. Ngati masamba achichepere ayamba kuonekera, ndikubzala uyenera kuchepetsedwa. Miphika ya cicas imasankhidwa pang'ono kwambiri kuposa yapita. Ziyenera kukhala zakuya mokwanira komanso zokhazikika.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yochulukirapo pang'ono, yopepuka komanso yoyatsidwa bwino. Ndikofunikira kuti nthaka isamazungulidwe, apo ayi michere siyingatengedwe ndi nthangala yakeyo. Zida zowongolera siziyenera kuikidwa pansi pamphika zokha, komanso pansi. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito dothi labwino lachonde, lomwe limaphatikizidwa ndi miyala yaying'ono ndi mchenga.
Malamulo osamalira kunyumba
Kusamalira acicas kunyumba kumafuna kuyesetsa pang'ono. Chomera ndichabwino kwa wamaluwa wodziwa zambiri.
Kuwala Chomera chachikulire chimafuna kuunikira kwambiri. Sichichita mantha ndi dzuwa. Kuyika, mawindo akumwera ndi oyenera. M'nyengo yozizira, kuwunikira kowonjezerako kudzafunika kupatsa kanjedza ndi maola owerengeka a maola 12-14. Ngati kuunikako sikokwanira, timapepala tating'ono timasiya. Amatha kutembenuka chikasu kapena kupukuta kwathunthu.
Kutentha Tsikas imatha kupirira kwambiri kutentha. M'nyengo yotentha, mbewuyo imalimbikitsidwa kuti izikhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Itha kuyikidwa pamalo opepuka, koma pang'onopang'ono itazolowera zatsopano. M'nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya kuti + 12 ... + 17 ° C. Mtengowo ukakula, duwa limatha kulekerera zipatso zazifupi, koma masamba ena amatsika.
Kuthirira. Tsikas kulimbana ndi chilala. Pakati pa kuthirira, dothi liyenera kuyima theka kapena kwathunthu. Zitatha izi, chomeracho chimathiriridwa mokwanira ndi madzi ofunda, oyeretsedwa bwino. Popeza dziko lapansi limadutsa madzi mwachangu, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthiriridwa m'magawo awiri ndi mphindi zingapo. Mukatha kuthirira, madzi onse owonjezera amatsanulidwa kuchokera pachomeracho.
Feteleza. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala. Kuti mumize feteleza, ma cicasus amafunika kuyatsa kwambiri. Pokhapokha pa kuwala kwa dzuwa kwa chilimwe mbewuyo imatha kuyamwa feteleza wathunthu wa mchere. Ndi kuyala kosakwanira, theka kapena kotala la kutumikirako kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kwa cicas, kusowa kwa zovala zapamwamba ndikwabwino kuposa zochulukirapo.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Tsikas amalimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Pokhapokha ngati atasamalidwa nthawi yayitali osavomerezeka ndi zowola komanso nkhungu. Mwa majeremusi, chomera chimavutika ndi tizilombo tambiri, mealybug ndi nthata za akangaude. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda masiku ano tithandiza kuthana ndi majeremusi mwachangu.
