Momwe mungabzalitsire mtengo wa apulo pomagwa mtengo wakale

Katemera ndi zovuta komanso zovuta zolimbitsa thupi, koma zimapulumutsa nthawi yopanga mtengo watsopano. M'nkhani ino tikambirana za khalidwe loyenera, ndikuphunziranso momwe mungasamalire mtengo womwe unkalumikizidwa.

Zamkatimu:

• Njira zotheka
• Budding
• Kugwirizana
• Zida zofunikira zothandizira apulo
• Momwe mungamere mtengo wa apulo pa mtengo wakale: ndondomeko
• Kumbuyo makungwa
• Mugawikana
• Malamulo oyang'anira mtengo pambuyo katemera
• Grafting zipatso: zofunika zolakwika novice wamaluwa

Nthawi yoyenera ndi cholinga cha katemera

Katemera wachitika:

• kukonzanso nkhuni zakale;
• kusungidwa kwa makhalidwe a zosiyanasiyana;
• kufulumizitsa kulima mitengo;
• yonjezerani kukana kwa mitundu yatsopano chifukwa cha katundu wakale.

Nkofunikira kuchita ntchito zoterezi pamene mtengo uli pamtunda kapena m'dzinja. Nthawi iliyonse ili ndi ubwino wake ndi ubwino wake.

Mukudziwa? Anthu anayamba kudya zipatso za apulo zakutchire ku nthawi za Neolithic. Maapulo achilengedwe anapezeka pa malo a anthu akale. Koma lingaliro la kulima chomera chamtchi linadza kwa anthu patapita nthawi..

Amaluwa ambiri amavomereza kuti ndi bwino kugwira ntchito kumapeto kwa nyengo:

• Kuphatikizidwa kumakhazikika bwino;
• njira zonse za katemera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito;
• Ngati kuphatikizidwa sikudapangidwe, pali nthawi yopanga katemera watsopano.

Koma mu kugwa pali ubwino:

• chinyezi chowonjezereka ndipo palibe chilala china;
• Mbande imakula bwino ndikulekerera kusinthasintha mosavuta;
• kuumitsa mbande ndi kuwonjezeka kupulumuka.

Mwinamwake mukufunanso kudziŵa malamulo oyambirira a mitengo ya zipatso kunthete ndi chilimwe, komanso kudziwa chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti ndipange mitengo ya zipatso.

Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yogwira ntchito:

• mvula - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, maluwa asanayambe kufalikira, kutentha kwa mpweya wa 7-9 ° C;
• m'dzinja - September-oyambirira a Oktoba, kuti katemera akhale ndi nyengo yofunda masiku 20-30 (+ 10-15 ° C).

Njira zotheka

Pali njira zingapo zowonjezeretsa cuttings - budding ndi copulation.

Budding

Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito masika kapena chilimwe, pamene makungwa amachoka pamtengo wabwino. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba pamodzi ndi impso. Amatumikira kulandira zopanda. Nthaŵi yabwino yotereyi ndi yotentha ndi chilimwe. Kutha sikukondweretsa.

Kugwirizana

Ndi njira iyi, kudula kumaphatikizana ndi katundu. Njirayo ndi yophweka, ndi kupulumuka kwakukulu kwa mitengo ya cuttings, yoyenera kwa wamaluwa oyambirira.

Ndikofunikira! Mukamapikisana, ndi koyenera kuwona kukula kwa scion ndi katundu.

Agawitseni zokhazokha:

• zosavuta - Scion ndi chitsa chodulidwa mofanana, chogwirana wina ndi mnzake ndi chilonda. Opaleshoni yonseyi iyenera kutenga osachepera mphindi imodzi - mpaka kagawo kake kakhudzidwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa achinyamata (1-2 zaka) nthambi;
• bwino - pamtengowo ndi katundu kupanga kotenga kotenga gawo, cuttings amathandizidwa ndi kuvulazidwa. Zokwanira nthambi zosiyana, malinga ngati ali ndi khungwa lomwelo, mbali imodzi;
• mugawanika - gawo lopangidwa pamtengowo limapangidwa pamtengowo kumene kuphatikizidwa kumaikidwa ndi odulidwa oblique. Oyenera nthambi za mibadwo yosiyana ndi diameter;
• kumbuyo kwa makungwa - monga katundu, nthambi imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga katundu, mudulidwe la makungwa omwe mzerewo umalowetsedwa ndi odulidwa oblique. Zokwanira magulu a variegated, pamtambo wakuda (kuposa masentimita asanu m'mimba mwake) mukhoza kulima awiri grafts. Njirayi ikulimbikitsidwa kwa omanga munda wamaluwa chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake komanso msinkhu waukulu wa rooting petioles.

Video: Njira zothandizira mitengo ya zipatso

Zida zofunikira zothandizira apulo

Kuchita bwino kumadalira zipangizo zabwino.

Mukudziwa? Avalon wotchuka (kapena paradiso mu nthano za King Arthur) mu Celtic amatanthauza "dziko la maapulo".

Tidzafunika zotsatira izi:

• mpeni wakuda wamunda. Ndi bwino kutenga mpeni wapadera wokonzera;

• pruner Onetsetsani kuti tsambalo likulongosoledwa bwino;
• chithunzi;
• chofufumitsa kapena mphete yamatabwa;
• filimu. Ndi bwino kusungira katemera wapadera, koma mungagwiritsenso ntchito matumba kapena filimu ya mankhwala ya compresses. Firimuyi iyenera kudulidwa n'kukhala ndi masentimita 1;
• chombo cha munda Dongo, pulasitiki, minium;
• Nsalu yoyera - Kupukuta manja ndi kudula.

Momwe mungamere mtengo wa apulo pa mtengo wakale: ndondomeko

Polemba pa mtengo wakale mu kugwa, njira ziwiri zokha zikhalira bwino - kumbuyo kwa khungwa ndi kupatukana. Budding sikugwira ntchito, chifukwa impso ilibe nthawi yothetsera nyengo yozizira isanafe, ndi zina zomwe mungasankhe nazo zimapangidwira nthambi zazing'ono, osati mitengo ikuluikulu yakale.

Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za kumayambiriro kotsindikiza kwa maapulo, mapeyala ndi mphesa.

Ntchito iyenera kuchitika m'mawa, mu nyengo youma komanso osati nyengo, pamlengalenga kutentha kwa 15-20 ° C. Kutentha ndi chinyezi sizothandiza pa ntchito yotero - kudula kungathe kuvunda.

Posankha mitundu ya katemera ayenera kunyamula m'maganizo kuti mazira apulo mitengo imayenera katemera mitundu yozizira, ndi m'nyengo yozizira - yozizira kapena yophukira. Apo ayi, padzakhala kusiyana pakati pa nyengo yokula ndi kukonzekera kwa nyengo yozizira ya nthambi yokhazikitsidwa ndi mtengo waukulu.

Mitengo yabwino ya mitengo ya apulo idzakhala:

• peyala;
• chithunzi;
• mitundu ya apulo "Antonovka", "Anis", "Borovinka", "Brown mzere", "Grushovka Moscow".

Kumbuyo makungwa

Kuti mupange katemera wabwino, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:

• Kuphatikizidwa kumasowa munthu wamkulu kuposa zaka 3-4;
• Musanayambe ntchito, onetsetsani kuti mosavuta amakoka masamba a nkhuni;
• Kuphatikizidwa kuyenera kukhala kochepa.

Zotsatira za zochita ndi izi:

1. Kukonzekera kudulidwa - nthambi yabwino imasankhidwa ndipo mdulidwe wa oblique umapangidwa kuchokera pansi (pafupifupi ofanana ndi magawo atatu a kudula) ndipo kuchokera pamwamba, 2-4 masamba amafunika.
2. Kukonzekera katundu - nthambi zosankhidwa zimadulidwa, malo ocheka amawongolera. Mu makungwa, kotenga nthawi yaitali kumapanga 5 masentimita m'litali (ndipo mpeni sayenera kudula nkhuni za nthambi). Makungwawo amachoka pamtengo.
3. Kuphatikizidwa - kudula kumaphatikizidwa mokoma ndi kudula ndi filimu. Mphindiwu uli ndi chimbudzi cha munda.

Ankalumikiza apulo pamwamba pa makungwa. ndi-shank yokonzekera inoculation; b - phesi imayikidwa kumbuyo kwa makungwa; mu_chigulitsiro chokhala ndi kulowetsedwa ku gawo la mtanda; G - Ankalumikiza awiri cuttings.

Ndikofunikira! Sakanizani tizidutswa zingapo pa nthambi, malingana ndi kukula kwake. - Kuchokera pa 3 mpaka 5. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti apititse patsogolo kupulumuka komanso kuthekera kosankhidwa kwa vector.Twi.

Njirayi ndi yophweka komanso yoyenera kwa Oyamba.

Mugawikana

Momwe mungapezere katemera wotetezeka ndi awa:

• makulidwe a gawo lophatikizidwa sali oposa 5-6 masentimita;
• Osapitirira 3-4 nthambi otsala pamtengo asanayambe ntchito, ena onse achotsedwa.

Njirayi idzawoneka ngati iyi:

1. Kukonzekera kwa kudula - malo abwino ndi osankhidwa ndipo odulidwa ndi oblique amachokera pansi (pafupifupi ofanana ndi magawo atatu a kudula) ndi kuchokera pamwamba, kusiya 2-4 masamba;
2. Kukonzekera kwa chitsa - nthambi yosankhidwa imadulidwa ndi kukonzedwa, kudula kumagawanika pakati mpaka kuya kwa masentimita 4-8. Kuzama kwa kugawanika kumadalira kulemera kwa kudula - kuchepetsa kuphatikizidwa, kuchepa kwakukulu. Kugawidwa kwachitidwa ndi chipewa ndi mphete (kapena screwdriver);
3. inoculation - cuttings amalowetsedwa mu chingwe ndipo amaikidwa ndi filimuyo. Chirichonse chimayikidwa bwino ndi munda kuphika kapena pulasitiki.

Ankalumikiza mtengo wa apulo mu chisokonezo chathunthu. a - cuttings; b - kugawidwa pa katundu; mu_chigulitsiro chokhala ndi ziboda zophatikizidwa.

Koma ntchito siimatha pamenepo. Ngakhalenso katemera ukuchitika malinga ndi malamulo onse, nkofunika kusamalira bwino mtengo kuti kudula mizu.

Malamulo oyang'anira mtengo pambuyo katemera

Pambuyo pa katemera uliwonse pambuyo pa sabata kapena awiri, muyenera kufufuza momwe mdulidwewo uliri - kaya wouma kapena ayi, kaya kupatukana kwachedwa. Zitha kuchitika kuti kudula sikukumera palimodzi, ngati kumachotsedwa, ndipo chilondacho chimasindikizidwa ndi otentha kapena dongo.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuwerenga za momwe mungapangire mtengo wa apulo kubala chipatso, momwe mungaperekere mtengo wa apulo kuchokera ku tizirombo, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mtengo wa apulo mu kugwa, momwe mungakonzekerere mtengo wakale wa apulo, komanso momwe mungaperekere mtengo wa apulo m'nyengo yozizira kuchokera ku chisanu ndi kuuteteza ku hares.

M'chaka mungayese mwayi wanu kachiwiri ndi kubwereza zonse ntchito ndi cuttings atsopano. Ndikofunika kumasula kavalidwe ka nthawi (pambuyo pa masiku 10-15) kuti asafine nthambizo. Koma izo zikhoza kuchotsedwa kwathunthu mu kasupe.

Video: momwe mungasamalire scion Pamaso pa nyengo yozizira, mtengo uyenera kukhala spud ndi kuthirira. Zidzakhala bwino kudzaza mtengo wa mtengo ndi kompositi kapena humus. Izi zidzakhala ngati feteleza ndikusunga chinyezi pansi. Pofuna kuteteza nthambi zofooka kuti zisawononge mbalame, mukhoza kuika arcs kapena zomangira zida zofiira - zikhoza kuwopsya mbalame.

Asanazizidwe, katemera ayenera kutenthedwa ndi chophimba chapadera kapena thumba la pulasitiki, atakulungidwa pamapepala kuti asatenthedwe kwambiri ndi dzuwa.

Grafting zipatso: zofunika zolakwika novice wamaluwa

Ovomerezeka wamaluwa samakhala ndi zolakwitsa ndipo nthawi zambiri amawapanga. Kulakwitsa kwakukulu ndi kusankha kosayenera kwa chida. Anthu ambiri amanyalanyaza kugula kwa zipangizo zapadera (kukulumikiza mipeni, zikhomo, kudulira zitsamba zabwino) ndikugwiritsa ntchito mipeni yowonongeka, zida za alendo.

Ndi njira iyi, kudula pa cuttings kapena gawo lokhazikika ndi lopanda pake, shaggy. Ndipo zowonjezera zoterozo sizitenga mizu.

Kukalumikiza mitengo ndi zitsamba zimagwiritsanso ntchito chida chapadera - kukulumikiza pruner.

Mitengo ndi mipeni yokonzera mitengo

Penyani apa mungathe zinthu ziwiri

• kugula katemera wa katemera ndi kuwongolera mwamphamvu;
• Musanakolole cuttings, muyenera kuyamba kumayendera nthambi zamtchire kapena zopanda zipatso.

Cholakwika chachiwiri ndi kusankha kosayenera kwa kudula. Phesi imadulidwa kuchokera pamwamba pa nthambi, ndipo makamaka imangowonekera, siidakalire koma siyinaperekedwe ndi chakudya. Kuchokera kufooka kotereku ndi katemera kudzabwera moyipa. Choncho, kuti muphatikize, sankhani nthambi zakupsa chaka chimodzi, ndi masamba ophulika.

Oyamba kumaluwa amatha kuwerenga momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mtengo wa apulo mutatha maluwa, komanso momwe mungatchekere, kudyetsa ndi kuyeretsa mtengo wa apulo masika.

Cholakwika china ndicho kusankha kosayenera katemera. Ambiri amamvera chisoni kuti awononge nthambi zonse zotukuka, choncho amamera pa achinyamata, nthawi zambiri osati nthambi zowonongeka. Ndipo ngakhale zovomerezeka, katemera amapereka kuwonjezeka kochepa.

Malo ogwiritsira ntchito katemera ayenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi thunthu lalikulu kapena nthambi ya mafupa. Sikufunikiranso kubzala mtengo womwe unkalumikizidwa. Chomera chofooka chotero chidzakula bwino ndipo sichingabweretse phindu lililonse. Katemera ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri ndipo amafunika kukonzekera mosamala. Koma kukhazikitsidwa kwake koyenera kumakuthandizani kuti muthamangitse kukolola, kubwezeretsanso munda ndi kusunga mapuloteni apamwamba kuchokera kumtunda.