Mtengo wa apulo uli ndi msinkhu wa kusintha ndi zipatso zokongola ndi mphatso ya Graphiky Gift

Kotero izo zimapangidwa kuchokera kumwamba, kuti pambuyo pa moyo wapadziko lapansi, mpata woti upitirize kukhala mu kukumbukira anthu amtundu wa anthu ukugwa okha kwa omwe achita ntchito zabwino ndi ntchito zabwino.

Chikumbutso chotero kwa munthu wabwino chinali mtundu wa apulo, wotengedwa ndi abusa a Vladimir - "Mphatso kwa Grafsky".

Chiyambi cha zosiyanasiyana ndi dzina lake

Mikhail G. Grafsky anakhala zaka 85 mu nthawi zovuta kwambiri m'dzikoli, pamene mphukira zofooka za Khrushchev "thaw" zinalowetsa ulamuliro wa Stalin, ndipo pambuyo pake zinafika zaka makumi khumi za Brezhnev.

Kwa zaka za zana limodzi la makumi asanu ndi limodzi, adali mtsogoleri wa famu yaikulu ya dera la Suzdal, adakulitsa famu yake m'masautso aakulu, ndipo mkhalidwe wa chisokonezo unayambitsa moyo wa anthu kwa anthu ogwira ntchito. Anthu a m'mudzimo anam'patsa chikondi, ndipo analimbikitsana "agogo ake" mwachikondi. MGGrafsky adapatsidwa mphoto yayikulu ya boma - "Hero of Labor".

Pa moyo wa Grafsky, m'minda ya munda wake, antchito a GNU Breeding-Technological Institute anachita zoyesayesa za nyengo yozizira-yolimba ya mtengo wa apulo, yomwe inapezeka kuchokera pamtundu woyambirira wa Russian ku Vyaznikivka (wotchedwanso Lipovka, Miron Sugar, Mironchik) ndi chida cha American (D 101) chotumizidwa ku 1979 ndi Indiana University Breeders.

Mitundu yatsopanoyi inapititsa patsogolo mayeserowa, omwe anali asanafike pachimake, m'nyengo yozizira ya 78/79, pamene kutentha kunatsikira ku -40 ° C, ngakhalenso Antonovka, kutsimikiziridwa zaka zambiri, osadandaula kunja. M'chaka cha experimental apulo mitengo anasangalala obereketsa wosakhwima masamba ndipo anapereka woyamba yokolola.

Kuyambira mu 1982, mitunduyi inapita kwa anthu pansi pa dzina lakuti "Mphatso ya Grafsky" ndipo idaperekedwa ku dera la Moscow ndi Central District. Ndipo m'madera angapo a kumpoto kwa West-West a Russian Federation, amadziwika ngati nyengo yozizira, yomwe imasiyanitsa ndi mpikisano mu malonda a masika a zipatso. Panopa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imalimidwa ngakhale ku Altai.

Ndipo mitundu yomwe imakula m'dera lino si ambiri, mwachitsanzo, Altai Crimson ndi Ouspensky.

Mitundu yatsopano yomwe yakhazikitsidwa yokha pakupanga minda yamakampani.

Mtengo wa Apple umapanga

Kalasi ya mtengo wa apulo Mphatso Grafsky ndi zipatso zake zimasiyana ndi zotsatirazi:

1. Kukongola kwamtengo wapatali kwa zipatso. Ndi kukula kwakukulu (mpaka 350g.), Ili ndi mtundu wofiira ndi violet pafupifupi lonse lapansi.
2. Hardiness yozizira imadutsa mitundu yambiri yosavuta ku Russia: Antonovku, Grushovku, Korichnoe, Alva.
3. Lili ndi khalidwe labwino: ilo lapumidwa kwathunthu ku zotsatira za nyengo zozizwitsa, ali ndi msinkhu wa kusintha.
4. Amalowa m'zaka zapakati pa 4-5, koma mitundu yake (MM 106 - pa rootstocks) amayamba kubala zipatso m'chaka chachiwiri.
5. Mbali yokhudzana ndi mitengo yambiri ya apulo - kugonana komwekoChoncho, imafuna malo okhala ndi mitengo ya pollinator. Chifukwa cha Mphatso za Grafsky zofiira mungu ndi: Ophunzira, Moscow pambuyo pake, Sinap kumpoto.
6. Zipatso ziphuka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October, ndikukula msinkhu kumabwera kumapeto kwa mwezi; kubereka zipatso nthawi ndi nthawi, koma ndi kusintha kwa zokolola. Mtengo wa apulo alibe nthawi yopuma. Kawirikawiri, amapereka 200 kg / ha, ndipo kuchokera pa tsinde limodzi - 250 makilogalamu.
7. Ntchito yaikulu yopanga zomera imapezeka m'zaka zoyambirira za moyo. (mpaka kukolola 4), ndiye kukula kumachepetsa mphamvu yake. Mitengo, ngati yosadulidwa, ikhoza kufika mamita 7 mu msinkhu.
8. Zosiyanasiyana zimatha kuswa zipatso zabwino.koma izi sizingakhale zosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya mitengo ya apulo.
9. Bzalani zabwino motsutsana fungal matenda.
10. Zipatso zili ndi kukoma, zabwino " (akhoza kusungidwa popanda zida zapadera mpaka May). Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, zipatso (zomwe zili ndi chlorogenic acid) zimasonyezedwa kuti zimakhala zatsopano kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chiwindi, matenda a chiwindi, oposa oxalic acid m'thupi.
    
    Chofunika kwambiri kuti tipewe matenda a atherosclerosis komanso nthawi yotsutsana.

Zimakhulupirira kuti makolo akale a mitengo yamapulo yamakono anakula m'mapiri a Tien Shan.

Mtengo wawufupiwu unadzala zipatso zofanana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya apulosi ya Paradaiso. Koma nthawi ya moyo inadutsa mitengo yambiri yovuta, yomwe imakhala ndi zaka 200-300.

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji sapling?

Pakali pano m'munda wamaluwa, mitundu yoposa 300 ya mitengo ya apulo ndi yofala; zimakhala zovuta kuti musagwere kwa owonetsa zachipongwe omwe amapereka chipululu chosasunthika kuti chikhale chodabwitsa..

Choncho, chikhalidwe choyamba cha chitetezo cha kusankha chodzala zakuthupi ndi:

• kugula zomera pokhapokha m'masitolo apadera;
• ana a zaka ziwiri ayenera kukhala ndi mizu yathanzi ndi kutalika kwa masamba 30 cm (3 kapena kuposa); shtamba makulidwe osachepera 2 cm; nthambi zitatu kapena makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndipo zimakhala bwino; Mphukira ya kukula bwino;
• kupweteka kwa makina, kupotoka kwa thunthu, mitsempha pamutu, khosi, mizu yolimba sivomerezeka;
• Mitengo ya Nursery iyenera kunyamula bwino (mu chiguduli chakuda kapena kukulunga mu moss) kuti izi zitheke.

Samalirani kwambiri taproot. Ngati atadulidwa, kotero kuti sapling imabwera mu phukusi - moyo wa apulo umatengedwa masiku.

Kufotokozera za "Mphatso ya Grafsky"

Kenako mudzawona chilichonse mu chithunzi, komanso kuphunzira kuchokera tsatanetsatane wa zonse za Mphatso Grafsky apulo mitengo ndi zipatso zawo.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ili ndi tsatanetsatane yeniyeni ndi korona mu mawonekedwe a mbee yosinthidwa.

Mtengowu uli ndi masamba osakanikirana ndi nthambi zomwe zikufalikira ndi kukula kwakukulu m'zaka 10 zoyambirira.

Mbali ya mphamvu ya zomera zotere ndi mzere wozungulira wa mamita 20-25. Tsinde liyenera kukhala lopanda maluwa ndi udzu. Zipatso nthawi zambiri zimamangidwa ndi nthambi za chaka chatha.

Mdima wobiriwira, masamba osongoka pang'ono amakhala ndi mawonekedwe oblong ndi kukula kwake. Iwo amadziwika ndi kupsyinjika kowala ndi mapepala abwino kwambiri.

Pa nthawi yamaluwa oyera ndi pinki mtundu umakhala korona, kutseka mawonekedwe a masamba. Maluwa a mawonekedwe apakati, omwe amafanana ndi maonekedwe a apulo, okhala ndi zipilala zisanu, akuphatikizidwa ndi pistils ndi anthers pamwamba pa maluwa.

Kukula kwa zipatso ndi pamwamba payeso., mawonekedwe osasinthasintha, maapulo sali osamalidwa, ndi khungu lomwe limawoneka ndi makulidwe, ndi mtundu wofiira wa mtundu (purple-violet ndi chikasu cha chikasu). Zipinda za mbewu zatseka, mbewu zochepa; zamkati ndi zowirira, zowutsa mudyo, zonunkhira, zokoma. Kulakwitsa ndizosakumbukika, ndi zokoma zambiri.

Mitengo yambiri ya apulo yomwe imapindulitsa kwambiri thanzi ndi yofunika kwambiri: Orlinka, Young Naturalist, Aromatny, Kandil Orlovsky ndi Orlovsky Sinap.

Chithunzi

Kodi chinsinsi cha zokolola zazikulu ndi chiyani?

Sizongoganizira chabe: posankha nthawi, malo, khalidwe la kubzala ndi dongosolo la chisamaliro.

Nthawi yoyenera kubzala apulo yayesedwa kale ndi makolo athu.:

• kumapeto, asanayambe kutaya;
• kumapeto kwa autumn.

Ndipo autumn ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri: Mizu ya mtengo imakhala ndi nthawi yosintha. Musakhale ndi nthawi yolima mu nthawi yogwa - kukumba ndikuphimba mpaka masika, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, maluwa asanatuluke, nthaka ikhale pansi pa malo osatha.

Malo a apulo ayenera kusankhidwa bwino, pa dais, yotsekedwa ndi mphepo yambiri ndi khoma la nyumba kapena malo ena. Kumadera otsika, mbande zimatha kuzizira nthawi yozizira, kapena zimakhala ndi chinyezi chowonjezera. Kuyandikana kwa nthaka pansi sikutanthauza kukoma kwa chomera ichi. Ngati pali vutoli pa chiwembu, ndi bwino kudzala mtengo pamtunda wokongola (masentimita 50), mutalimbikitsa "bedi" ndi kukumba pansi.

Malo okongola a mtengo wa apulo - deep loam, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti ndi dothi la nthaka sikoyenera kudyetsa sapling ndi feteleza ndi feteleza mpaka nthawi 4 pa nyengo, pa gawo lililonse la zomera.

Apple mitundu Mphatso Grafsky safuna tepiloji yapadera ya kubzala:

• miyezo yofanana ya dzenje (d100, h70);
• Kukolola dzenje sabata musanadzalemo (kapena ngakhale kuyambira autumn);
• ntchito yamchere ya nitrogen;
• kulimbitsa thunthu ndi garter ku khola;
• muthirira kwambiri mutabzala.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhalabe yotsutsana ndi chilala, kusowa kwa chinyezi.. Choncho sitiyenera kuiwala zazing'ono 5 madzi okwanira pa nyengo, komanso m'nyengo youma, yotentha ndi nthawi zambiri.

Kodi chikuphatikizidwa mu dongosolo la chisamaliro?

Ndondomekoyi ndi ndondomeko ya zinthu, pambali iyi, zomwe zimayambitsa mgwirizano wa kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu. Cholinga chake ndi:

• kuchepetsa nthawi yokonzekera kubereka;
• kupanga mapangidwe a morphological mtengo, wokhoza kukhala wochuluka fruiting;
• kusunga mitundu yosiyana;
• zokolola zokolola;
• matenda ophera tizilombo ndi kupewa kuteteza;
• kukana nyengo ndi nyengo anomalies;
• kupeza zipatso zabwino kwambiri;
• Chitetezo cha 100% cha zokolola.

Kusamalira mtengo uliwonse wa zipatso umaphatikizapo mitundu yofunikira ya ntchito:

• kumasula ndi kuthirira;
• kudya;
• kudulira;
• tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda.

Pa ntchito iliyonseyi pali mndandanda wa mauthenga ophatikizidwa ndi ndondomeko ya zochita, mawonekedwe a mavitamini ndi nthawi ya mawu awo oyamba. Zonsezi zimagwira bwino ntchito zosiyanasiyana za Gift Grafskogo.

Koma mphamvu yamtengo wa mtengo imayang'ana wamaluwa pa kudulira, zomwe zimachitidwa pazinthu zotsatirazi:

• kudulira mwaukhondo (pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira kapena nyengo yozizira);
• Kupanga thunthu (mmera, pamene nsonga imadulidwa ndi masentimita 10);
• mapangidwe a ziphuphu nthambi za korona;
• kuonjezera zokolola (kudula nthambi za nyengo yotsiriza);
• Kupeza korona kwa chisamaliro ndi kukolola;
• kukonzanso mtengo;
• kukonzekera nyengo yozizira.

Komabe, kupanikizika kwa korona nthawi zina sikukwanira ndipo kuchotsa mwachangu zipatso za ovary ndikofunikira, osasiya maluwa awiri ozungulira. Izi zimakuthandizani kupeza zipatso za mtundu wamalonda ndi kukula.

Kudulira sikuyenera kudutsa gawo limodzi la magawo atatu a nthambi, kuti tipewe kupweteka kwa mtengo.

Kodi mungapulumutse bwanji zipatso?

Malo osungiramo mafakitale a ma apulo m'chipinda chosindikizidwa cha firiji pa temperature ya 0 ° C, nthawi zonse chinyezi ndi mafuta omwe amapangidwa amathandiza kuti chitetezo cha zipatso chifike mpaka July.

Koma mu famu yamunthu, mungathe kudalira m'chipinda chapansi panthaka, momwe kutentha kumasungidwa kuyambira 0 mpaka 4 ° C.

Kuonetsetsa kuti chipatso "lezhkost" chopanda malire chiyenera kupereka njira zotsatirazi:

• Kukonzekera mabokosi (kutsuka ndi burashi, kuyanika dzuwa);
• Kusankha zipatso ndi kusunga tsinde;
• kusamutsa (ndi zotsatira zochepa) mu mabokosi a matabwa oikidwa ndi pepala loyera popanda ming'alu;
• Ngati muli ndi zosungirako ziwiri, kutsanulira maapulo ndi ziboda zouma kapena kuwapaka ndi pepala loyera;
• Kusamalira zipatso (mpaka masiku angapo) pamalo ozizira;
• kukonzanso;
• kusungidwa yosungiramo m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba pa chinyezi nthawi zonse mkati mwa 90%.

Musasunge maapulo m'chipinda chapansi pafupi ndi mizu, kuti asawononge kukoma kwawo.

Kukolola mwakuya kwa zipatso za apulo nthawi imodzi ndi chilimwe, nyengo ya autumn ndi yozizira, ndikutsatira malamulo a kusunga zipatso, zimakulolani kupereka chakudya chanu cha apulo pamodzi ndi banja lonse chaka chonse. Ndipo khalidwe la maapulo Podarok Grafskogo limawasiyanitsa ndi gulu lofunidwa kwambiri.